How To Make Au Jus Without Beef Broth? (Explained)
how to make au jus without beef broth
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how to make au jus without beef broth
Au Jus
Au jus is a term that means "with juice" of the meat. It is most commonly found in French cuisine. Au jus can be found in beef or any meat dishes that are prepared or served along with light gravy, or bouillon that is made from all the fluids dripped out of the meat when it is being cooked.
Au Jus is one of the natural ways to enhance the flavor of meat and sauces. It mainly enhances chicken dishes because the chicken has a light taste, or it can be used with veal and lamb as well. French cuisine prefers having Au Jus in most of their meat dishes.
How To Make Au Jus Without Beef Broth?
Recipe of Au Jus Without Beef Broth
Beef Au jus Gravy
This recipe is perfect for a French dip sandwich. The preparation time of this recipe is 5-minutes and the cooking time requires about 10-11minutes. The total time required in the recipe is 15 minutes. The recipe requires a few steps that are mentioned below.
 1. First of all, you must take a saucepan and boil beef stock (not in the beef broth) in the pan.
 2. You must maintain the heat of the pan to medium-low and whisk the beef base.
 3. Add in Worcestershire sauce along with garlic, salt, and pepper.
 4. To make a thick gravy, add corn starch.
 5. Your beef Au jus gravy without beef broth is all ready to be served.
Substitute of Beef Broth
It's okay if you don't want to use beef broth! There are various substitutes for it. A lot of your favorite recipes are using beef broth, however, you need substitutes that can work well in all your daily recipes. We have mentioned below a few substitutes for beef broth.
1. Beef Stock
If using beef is not a problem for you then you can switch between beef broth and beef stock. Both of these ingredients taste almost the same, however, the difference is majorly in the extracting materials. The difference between beef-broth and beef-stock is, beef broth is made from an extract that is taken out of both meat and bones attached to that meat.
While the beef stock is made with vegetables and beef bones. Most people, in case of running out of beef broth, use beef stock because it is the best replacement for beef broth in any recipe.
2. Bouillon Cubes
Bouillon cubes are also beef extracts but in a different state. Beef broth exists in a liquid form and bouillon cubes are found as a dried extract in cubes form. You can use bouillon cubes by dissolving them in cups of water, and it can replace a cup of beef broth in any recipe if one cube is dissolved in one cup of water.
These cubes of beef bouillon are concentrated to give an enhanced taste when they are dissolved in water.
However, if you are trying to maintain a pure vegan meal, then you can use Vegetable Broth, which tastes a little bit different however it's a great vegan replacement for beef broth.
Hopefully, this blog helped you in making an Au Jus recipe without the use of beef broth.
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What is the optimal ph level for oven cleaner?
Oven cleaner is a product that is used to clean ovens. The optimal pH level for oven cleaner is between 10 and 11. This pH range is ideal for removing tough grease and baked-on food from ovens. Oven cleaner is also effective at removing dirt, grime, and stains from ovens.
How does the ph level of oven cleaner affect its safety?
There are a few factors to consider when discussing the safety of oven cleaners. The first is the ingredients. Many oven cleaners contain lye, which is a caustic substance that can cause chemical burns. In addition, some oven cleaners contain chlorinated solvents, which can release toxic fumes when used. The second factor to consider is the pH level of the cleaner. A high pH level indicates that the cleaner is more acidic, while a low pH level indicates that the cleaner is more basic. A high pH level can be more corrosive and cause more irritation, while a low pH level can be more difficult to remove and cause more staining. The third factor to consider is the level of exposure. Oven cleaners are typically used in enclosed spaces, such as ovens, which can increase the level of exposure to fumes and chemicals. In addition, some people may be more sensitive to chemical fumes and irritation than others. Finally, it is important to follow the directions on the cleaner's label and take appropriate safety precautions, such as wearing gloves and ventilation, to minimize the risks associated with using oven cleaners.
Is there a difference in the ph level of oven cleaners made with natural ingredients and those made with synthetic ingredients?
YES! There is a big difference in the pH levels of oven cleaners made with natural ingredients and those made with synthetic ingredients. Natural ingredients tend to have a pH level that is closer to neutral, while synthetic ingredients often have a pH level that is more alkaline. This is because natural ingredients are derived from plants and animals, while synthetic ingredients are created in a laboratory.
The pH level is important because it affects how well the oven cleaner will work. A higher pH level means that the cleaner is more alkaline and will be more effective at cutting through grease and grime. A lower pH level means that the cleaner is more acidic and will be less effective at cutting through grease and grime.
So, if you are looking for an oven cleaner that is effective at cutting through grease and grime, you should look for one that is made with synthetic ingredients. If you are looking for an oven cleaner that is gentle and won't damage your oven, you should look for one that is made with natural ingredients.
How does the ph level of oven cleaner affect its environmental impact?
The pH level of oven cleaner affects its environmental impact because it determines how readily the cleaner will break down in the environment. A low pH level indicates that the cleaner is more likely to break down quickly, while a high pH level means that the cleaner is less likely to break down. This is important because oven cleaners that don't break down readily can build up in the environment and become toxic.
What is the ph level of the most popular brands of oven cleaner?
There are a few different things that can affect the pH level of oven cleaner. The first is the type of oven cleaner being used. Some oven cleaners are more acidic than others. The second is the concentration of the oven cleaner. The more concentrated the oven cleaner is, the higher the pH level will be. The third is the amount of time the oven cleaner is left on the surface. The longer the cleaner is left on, the higher the pH level will be.
The pH level of the most popular brands of oven cleaner can range from anywhere between 2 and 12. The most popular brand of oven cleaner is likely to be somewhere in the middle of that range. However, it is always best to check the label of the oven cleaner before using it to make sure that it is compatible with the surface you are cleaning.
How does the ph level of oven cleaner compare to other household cleaners?
It is important to maintain a clean household and many people use different cleaners for different purposes. Oven cleaner is one type of household cleaner that is used to clean ovens. The ph level of oven cleaner is important to consider when comparing it to other household cleaners.
The ph level is a measure of how acidic or basic a solution is. The scale for the ph level goes from 0 to 14, with 0 being the most acidic and 14 being the most basic. A neutral ph is 7.0. Oven cleaner typically has a ph level between 2.0 and 3.0, making it one of the most acidic household cleaners.
Other household cleaners have a much higher ph level. For example, dish soap has a ph level between 7.0 and 10.0. This means that dish soap is much less acidic than oven cleaner. Therefore, oven cleaner is more likely to cause damage to surfaces than dish soap. It is important to use oven cleaner in a well-ventilated area and to follow the directions on the label.
What are the consequences of using an oven cleaner with the wrong ph level?
If you use an oven cleaner with the wrong pH level, the consequences can be disastrous. The wrong pH level can cause the oven cleaner to eat through the enamel on your oven, which can lead to serious damage. It can also cause the oven cleaner to release toxic fumes, which can be dangerous to your health.
Can the ph level of oven cleaner be adjusted?
Yes, the pH level of oven cleaner can be adjusted. The most common oven cleaners are made with alkaline materials, which have a high pH. However, there are some oven cleaners on the market that are made with acidic materials, which have a lower pH. Adjusting the pH level of your oven cleaner can be done by adding either more acidic or more alkaline materials to the cleaner.
Frequently Asked Questions
What is the pH of alkaline oven cleaner?
The pH of alkaline oven cleaners typically falls in the 12-14 range.
What is the pH level of most common cleaning products?
The pH level of most common cleaning products varies, but is usually around 11-13.
What is the best oven cleaner for your kitchen?
There is no definitive answer to this question as different oven cleaners will work better on different surfaces, depending on the cleaning agent and pH level. Ultimately, it is best to choose a cleaner that suits your specific needs and is safe for use around the kitchen floor and worktops.
Is ammonia good for oven cleaning?
There is no one-size-fits-all answer to this question, as the strength of an oven cleaner will depend on the type and condition of the dirt and grease. However, most household cleaners, including ammonia, are effective at removing dirt, grease and baked on food from ovens.
What is the pH of an oven cleaner?
The pH of an oven cleaner typically registers between 11 and 13. This is because alkalis are very effective at cutting through all the grime and gunk that accumulate inside an oven. Through saponification, a l kalis emulsify fats into soaps, which are then more easily dissolved in water.

source: m-a-p/FineFineWeb


hbQT - GC - Qt Object Destruction
 Previous topic Next topic
In this section I will try to explain the foundations of hbQT, its variables life-cycle, Harbour GC interaction and Qt's own destruction mechanism.

As you all know, we are struggling to balance the Harbour GC behavior and Qt's object destruction, which, at times involves the same pointer. We have not been able to locate how GC should know when a pointer has been released by Qt. This has been all the more difficult because of the fact that Qt does not respect its own documentation where it states that if "new" and "delete" operators are overloaded by the application, the calls to obtain and free the pointers will be routed to application defined operators instead of Qt's own.

Strange fact is this that, "new" operator is always routed to Harbour's but "delete" operators behavior is inconsistent. Few objects are passes back to application's "delete" whereas most are not. I will try to explain hereunder how the things are moving inside these two nodes.

Let's start with a bare minimum example:

REQUEST HB_QT

STATIC s_events
STATIC s_slots

PROCEDURE Main()
 Local qApp, qWnd, qLabel, qBtn

 qApp := QApplication():new()

 s_events := QT_EVENTS_NEW()
 s_slots := QT_SLOTS_NEW()

 qWnd := QMainWindow():new()
 qWnd:setWindowTitle( "Harbour-Qt GC Diagram" )
 qWnd:resize( 900, 500 )

 qLabel := QLabel():new( qWnd )
 qLabel:setText( "Harbour" )
 qLabel:move( 100, 100 )
 qLabel:resize( 100, 50 )
 qLabel:show()

 qBtn := QPushButton():new( qWnd )
 qBtn:setText( "Message Box" )
 qBtn:move( 10, 10 )
 qBtn:resize( 100, 30 )
 Qt_Slots_Connect( s_slots, qBtn, "clicked()", ;
 {|| MyMessageBox( qWnd ) } )

 qWnd:Show()

 qApp:exec()

 Qt_Slots_DisConnect( s_slots, qBtn, "clicked()" )

 RETURN

FUNCTION MyMessageBox( qWnd )
 LOCAL qMB

 qMB := QMessageBox():new( qWnd )
 qMB:setInformativeText( "Harbour" )
 qMB:setWindowTitle( "Harbour-QT" )
 qMB:exec()

 RETURN NIL

In this example I will concentrate on function MyMessageBox() which when invoked by clicking on push button should produce a GPF on many systems with astonishingly different behavior with different C compilers and Qt's releases. If some event happens in a predictable way, it is subject to resolution sooner or later, but what if same is experienced by somebody and just passes away some others.

A thousand dollar question is - why GPF will appear for this very innocent code?
Simply because local variable oMB will go out of scope and GC will try to release its resources.
It seems funny but the fact is it happens like this only.

To trace down the flow of pointer's life cycle, this code must be compiled with -nohbcppmm hbMK2 flag and including cppmmstub.cpp outlined below. Also place some trace calls in "delete" group of functions to check if any of them is reached anytime.

Function new( size_t nSize ) is always reached with every type of Qt object, but delete( void * ptr ) is reached by some of the Qt objects but even those inconsistently depending upon the program flow.

If an application is linked with -nohbcppmm then probbaly no GPF will be produced at all. In such case if a lot of objects will be created assigned to local variables, those will never be get released and memory usage will keep up growing.

/* cppstub.cpp */

#include "hbapi.h"

const char * __hbmk2_hbcppmm( void )
{
 return "HBCPPMM";
}

void operator delete[]( void * ptr )
{
 if( ptr )
 {
 hb_xfree( ptr );
 }
}

void operator delete[]( void * ptr, size_t )
{
 if( ptr )
 {
 hb_xfree( ptr );
 }
}

void operator delete( void * ptr )
{
 if( ptr )
 {
 hb_xfree( ptr );
 }
}

void operator delete( void * ptr, size_t nSize )
{
 if( ptr )
 {
 hb_xfree( ptr );
 }
}

void * operator new( size_t nSize )
{
 if( nSize == 0 )
 {
 nSize = 1;
 }
 return hb_xgrab( nSize );
}

qMB := QMessageBox():new( qWnd )

void * hbqt_gcAllocate_QMessageBox( void * pObj, bool bNew )
{
 QGC_POINTER_QMessageBox * p = ( QGC_POINTER_QMessageBox * ) hb_gcAllocate( sizeof( QGC_POINTER_QMessageBox ), hbqt_gcFuncs() );

 p->ph = pObj;
 p->bNew = bNew;
 p->func = hbqt_gcRelease_QMessageBox;

 if( bNew )
 {
 new( & p->pq ) QPointer< QMessageBox >( ( QMessageBox * ) pObj );
 }
 return p;
}

HB_FUNC( QT_QMESSAGEBOX )
{
 void * pObj = NULL;

 pObj = ( QMessageBox* ) new QMessageBox() ; /* This call is routed to our overloaded function - operator new( size_t nSize ) */

 hb_retptrGC( hbqt_gcAllocate_QMessageBox( pObj, true ) );
}

pPtr instance variable of qMB is now populated with GC collectible pointer.
When the function will terminate, either pressing "X" on messagebox or clicking "Ok" button, GC will try to free oMB:pPtr and following function will be called:

QT_G_FUNC( hbqt_gcRelease_QMessageBox )
{
 QGC_POINTER_QMessageBox * p = ( QGC_POINTER_QMessageBox * ) Cargo;

 if( p && p->bNew )
 {
 if( p->ph && p->pq )
 {
 const QMetaObject * m = ( ( QObject * ) p->ph )->metaObject();
 if( ( QString ) m->className() != ( QString ) "QObject" )
 {
 HB_TRACE( HB_TR_DEBUG, ( "YES_rel_QMessageBox /.\\ ph=%p pq=%p", p->ph, (void *)(p->pq) ) );

 delete ( ( QMessageBox * ) p->ph ); /* We will always reach here and then will appear GPF */
 /* because p->ph gets released by QT which is validated by p->pq becoming NULL */
 /* but p->ph retains the value as is and hence GC tries to free it again which infact is already released */
 /* Please note that all our checks to prevent it are intact to have a valid pointer but still... */

 /* Infact, at this point Qt's own delete() operator is called ( and must be called ) as delete ( ( QMessageBox * ) ptr ) it would been defined in Qt headers */

 HB_TRACE( HB_TR_DEBUG, ( "YES_rel_QMessageBox \\./ ph=%p pq=%p", p->ph, (void *)(p->pq) ) ); // This is never reached
 p->ph = NULL;
 }
 }
 }
}

This is simplest of the examples to trap GPF and its course and it does not use any of the other so-called "hacks" in hbQT implementation.
Probably, Przemek can look into this deeply and can traceout the issue. If we do it here we will be very near the real issue. This will produce GPF on OS


Detailed Translations for judge from English to Spanish
judge [the ~] noun
 1. the judge
 el juez
Conjugations for judge:
 1. judge
 2. judge
 3. judges
 4. judge
 5. judge
 6. judge
simple past
 1. judged
 2. judged
 3. judged
 4. judged
 5. judged
 6. judged
present perfect
 1. have judged
 2. have judged
 3. has judged
 4. have judged
 5. have judged
 6. have judged
past continuous
 1. was judging
 2. were judging
 3. was judging
 4. were judging
 5. were judging
 6. were judging
 1. shall judge
 2. will judge
 3. will judge
 4. shall judge
 5. will judge
 6. will judge
continuous present
 1. am judging
 2. are judging
 3. is judging
 4. are judging
 5. are judging
 6. are judging
 1. be judged
 2. be judged
 3. be judged
 4. be judged
 5. be judged
 6. be judged
 1. judge!
 2. let's judge!
 3. judged
 4. judging
Translation Matrix for judge:
NounRelated TranslationsOther Translations
juez judge
perseguir following; pursuing; tailing
- evaluator; jurist; justice
VerbRelated TranslationsOther Translations
administrar justicia administer justice; judge; pass judgement
condenar adjudicate; condemn; judge; sentence; try accuse; blame; castigate; condemn; convict; curse; damn; decry; denounce; discredit; hold against; rebuke; reprimand; reproach; sentence
enjuiciar adjudicate; condemn; judge; sentence; try
formarse un juicio administer justice; judge; pass judgement
juzgar administer justice; judge; pass judgement criticise; criticize
pasar por adjudicate; condemn; judge; sentence; try be reported to be; bear; call at; call on; come past; continue; drop by; drop in; encounter; endure; experience; feel; go on; go through; live through; look for; look up; pass; pass for; pass through; seek out; stand; sustain; take it further; travel through; visit; walk past
perseguir adjudicate; condemn; judge; sentence; try aim for; bring action against; charge through; chase; fly through; hasten; haunt; hurry; hurry up; persecute; prosecute; pursue; run after; rush; stress; strive after; urge on
perseguir judicialmente adjudicate; condemn; judge; sentence; try aim for; bring action against; chase; haunt; persecute; prosecute; pursue; strive after
procesar adjudicate; condemn; judge; sentence; try bring action against; continue; go on; prosecute; take it further
proseguir adjudicate; condemn; judge; sentence; try continue; do as well; do next to; go on; have a sideline; take it further; take up the thread of one's narrative; work on
sentenciar adjudicate; administer justice; condemn; convict; judge; pass judgement; pass sentence on; sentence; try
someter a juicio adjudicate; condemn; judge; sentence; try
- adjudicate; approximate; estimate; evaluate; gauge; guess; label; pass judgment; pronounce; try
OtherRelated TranslationsOther Translations
- decide
Related Words for "judge":
Synonyms for "judge":
Related Definitions for "judge":
 1. an authority who is able to estimate worth or quality1
 2. a public official authorized to decide questions brought before a court of justice1
 3. form a critical opinion of1
 - I cannot judge some works of modern art1
 4. determine the result of (a competition)1
 5. judge tentatively or form an estimate of (quantities or time)1
 6. pronounce judgment on1
 7. put on trial or hear a case and sit as the judge at the trial of1
 - The judge tried both father and son in separate trials1
Wiktionary Translations for judge:
 1. to form an opinion, infer
 2. to have as an opinion, consider, suppose
 3. to sit in judgment on, act as judge
 4. to form an opinion on
 5. to sit in judgment on, pass sentence on
 1. sports official
 2. public judicial official
Cross Translation:
judge juez richter — rechter
judge juez rechter — persoon die rechtspreekt, persoon die een oordeel velt
judge calificar; evaluar; juzgar beoordelen — tot een oordeel komen over iets
judge juzgar beurteilen — (transitiv) über jemanden oder etwas ein Urteil fällen
judge apreciar; estimar; evaluar; avaliar; tasar apprécier — Estimer, évaluer (quelque chose), en fixer la valeur, le prix. (Sens général).
judge juez juge — droit|fr magistrat investi par autorité public du pouvoir de dire le droit ou reconnaître le fait et de la fonction d'appliquer la loi dans les affaires litigieux.
judge juzgar juger — juri|fr décider une affaire, un différend en qualité de juge.
judge tasar; estimar; evaluar; apreciar taxer — (vieilli) régler, fixer le prix des denrées, des marchandises, de quelque autre chose que ce soit.
judge estimar; evaluar; avaliar; tasar; apreciar; valorar évaluerestimer une chose quant à son prix, à sa valeur, à sa quantité, à sa durée.
Related Translations for judge
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text:
A calculation of the fluxes of primary particles arriving to the Earth's vi
cinity as well as those produced in the interactions of the primaries with
the atmosphere is presented. The result of calculations is compared with th
e experimental data obtained with the Alpha Magnetic Spectrometer (AMS). A
good agreement of calculated and measured fluxes of charged particles suppo
rts the viability of the atmospheric neutrino flux calculation. (C) 2001 Pu
blished by Elsevier Science B.V.


Law of Similarity: Overview & Examples
Instructor: Orin Davis
Psychologists use the Law of Similarity to understand behavior. Learn the Law of Similarity, which is the tendency to link similar items into a distinct group, and see examples of how it affects you every day.
Definition of the Law of Similarity
Have you ever walked down a busy street on a summer day and heard the music coming out of the cars with open windows? You are probably hearing multiple songs at once, and yet you are able to identify each of them and not get lost in the ocean of sound. Within each song, the series of notes is connected more closely than it is to the notes of any of the other songs, and it is this similarity that allows you to pick out the Beatles, Frank Sinatra, and Barbara Streisand all at the same time. The fact that we link things that are similar and treat them like a distinct group is the Law of Similarity. Psychologists use the Law of Similarity to understand behavior.
Examples of the Law of Similarity
To really understand how the Law of Similarity works, let's look at a few examples.
Example 1
Take a look at the letters below:
h h h h h h h h h h
q q q q q q q q q q
n n n n n n n n n n
p p p p p p p p p p
You would probably describe what you see as four rows of letters instead of ten columns of letters, because we tend to group similar things into whole sets - that's the Law of Similarity.
Example 2
What shape do you see in this picture?
ASCII Smiley
If you look closely, you will see that the smiley face is made of individual characters. We are able to see each of the eyes and the mouth because they are made of similar characters that we combine in our minds using the Law of the Similarity. While the light and dark contrasts help, we would be able to see the smiley face as long as the characters that make up the eyes are all the same but also distinct from the characters that make up the background. That way, we can group the characters using the Law of Similarity and distinguish them as eyes that are separate from the background of the face.
The Law of Similarity is a Gestalt Rule
The Law of Similarity is one of the rules that comes from Gestalt Psychology ('gesh-TAHLT'; German for 'whole'), which is about how human beings perceive wholes. Gestalt Psychology describes how a whole is greater than the sum of its parts. Take a look at Example 3 to see for yourself.
Example 3
Here are four lines:
Four Lines
Here are four more lines:
Four lines in a square
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DF2014:Armor stand
From Dwarf Fortress Wiki
(Redirected from Armor stand)
Jump to navigation Jump to search
This article is about the current version of DF.
Armor Stand
Materials Workshops Labors
Armor stands are a type of furniture. Much like the weapon rack, the armor stand can be used to create a barracks. After being built (b-a), you may define the barracks dimensions (b-a, then +-). It can also be placed in a noble's room to appease them.
When used in a barracks designated for individual and squad equipment, dwarves will prefer to store their armor on stands instead of stockpiles. Doing so in concert with weapon racks will allow you to create centralized armories for your military.
Armor stands do not block dwarf movement.
Stockpile storage always takes priority over furniture, making armor stands all but useless for their practical purpose.


Are rhumb lines ever used by an FMS as leg paths for RNP/RNAV? If so, what arinc 424 leg type would use them?
No. The FMS does not use rhumb lines.
All RNP/RNAV flight path legs are geodesics. The only exceptions are RF legs (a constant radius circular path about a turn center) and hold legs (a closed racetrack pattern).
To quote RTCA DO-236C, Minimum Aviation System Performance Standards: Required Navigation Performance for Area Navigation:
RNP Routes and user-preferred trajectories are assumed to use a series of fixes. The desired path is defined by a series of geodesic tracks joining successive fixes.
It also includes the following definition:
A line of shortest distance between any two points on a mathematically defined surface. A geodesic line is a line of double curvature and usually lies between the two normal section lines which the two points determine. If the two terminal points are nearly in the same latitude, the geodesic line may cross one of the normal section lines. It should be noted that, except along the equator and along the meridians, the geodesic line is not a plane curve and cannot be sighted over directly.
 - $\begingroup$ thank you very much $\endgroup$ – Daniel Ogburn Jul 3 '19 at 16:53
Your Answer


Take the 2-minute tour ×
What is the origin of scut in scut work?
According to Merriam-Webster,
scut work: routine and often menial labor
Probably from medical argot, scut meaning 'junior intern'
First known use: circa 1962
Usage example:
... women who generally feel that they are second-class citizens in the medical profession -- unappreciated and directed by (mostly male) doctors to perform largely scut work.
This ngram shows that scut work was not used before 1960 when it took hold as medical jargon. It supports the idea that the term was not already in general use and subsequently popularized in hospitals, rather that it originated there.
Scut work
This returns us to the medical coinage. Could it be related to meaning (2) in the OED?
1. the short tail of a hare, rabbit, or deer.
2. (inf. chiefly Irish) a person perceived as foolish, contemptible, or objectionable.
There is another theory that it is derived from Oxford University servants called scouts, but I consider this unlikely given the US origin of scut work.
share|improve this question
Der... I don't think it's likely to derive from anything other than OED:2, which seems about as transparent as any word usage can be. Possibly that definition itself came from association of rabbits with simpletons (rabbits are dumb), or with lowly peasants (who would eat more rabbit than other meat). – FumbleFingers Jul 28 '11 at 14:23
4 Answers 4
up vote 3 down vote accepted
In the Wiktionary scutwork entry, one of the references, Medical meanings: a glossary of word origins, suggests either scuttle, or OE scitan (excrement) as possible origins of the scut in scutwork. I think scitan is plausible; note from the etymology of shit:
Noun use for "obnoxious person" is since at least 1508
Wiktionary also suggests for scut as "contemptible person" that the etymology may be from the obsolete sense of scout, which Etymonline explains:
"to reject with scorn," c.1600, of Scandinavian origin (cf. O.N. skuta, skute "taunt"), probably from a source related to shout.
I think you're probably right that meaning (2) of scut is more closely related to scutwork, but note that calling someone contemptible doesn't have to be unrelated to meaning (1) as in the quotations in Wiktionary, or, for example, this 1907 story:
"Don't understand me?" roared the farmer. "What have you done to my darter, you scut, sitting there preening of yersel, like a silly peacock in the sun?"
The angry man approached the bed swiftly, and, seizing Aubrey's pyjama-clad shoulder in a massive fist, thrust his hairy face within an inch of his victim's nose.
"What have you been doin' to my lass?" he roared again. "Now d'yew onderstand me?"
"W-what has she been telling you?" Aubrey was horribly frightened.
"Summat that made me sware you shouldn't leave this house till you'm man and wife all raight and praper accordin' to law."
share|improve this answer
I'm quite impressed with wiktionary's entry actually. I like the quotations. Here are two more, from Ulysses: "God speed you, scut!" and "Mean bloody scut." – z7sg Ѫ Jul 28 '11 at 21:15
This is not a definitive answer, because all the sources I checked say the origin is not known. But I suspect it probably comes from scuttle, because doing the dishes is the archetypal form of "scut" work, and as Etymonline shows us:
scuttle (n.) "bucket," O.E. scutel "dish, platter," from L. scutella "serving platter," dim. of scutra "flat tray, dish," perhaps related to scutum "shield" (see hide (n.1)). A common Gmc. borrowing from Latin (cf. O.N. skutill, M.Du. schotel, O.H.G. scuzzila, Ger. Schüssel). Meaning "basket for sifting grain" is attested from mid-14c.; sense of "bucket for holding coal" first recorded 1849.
share|improve this answer
I think the ngram I've posted in the question goes against this theory because scut work only really exists from 1960 onwards. – z7sg Ѫ Jul 28 '11 at 20:32
+1 I strongly suspect it came from coal scuttle. – Brock Adams Mar 17 '13 at 10:07
"Scut work" was in use at least as early as 1950. From The Yale Journal of Biology and Medicine, Volume 22:
... menial tasks commonly known as the "scut work."
Given the general manners of the time, it seems unlikely that this would be used too pejoratively.
James Joyce's, Finnegans Wake (1939) also refers to a character as a "scutfrank" -- which has been interpreted to mean someone who does menial tasks.
share|improve this answer
"Some common unfinished task".
share|improve this answer
Is this a definition from a dictionary? Why else did you use inverted commas? As it is, you haven't provided an answer for its origins. – Mari-Lou A Aug 23 '13 at 22:27
_USER_-LouA It looks as if the quote marks were added by the editor. The author also suggested the (alleged) origin by capitalising the initial letters of each word. While the author has provided no substantiation for this alleged origin, I think your last 2 sentences should be aimed at the editor! – TrevorD Aug 23 '13 at 23:57
protected by RegDwigнt Aug 23 '13 at 20:04
Would you like to answer one of these unanswered questions instead?


Delivered At Frontier - DAF
DEFINITION of 'Delivered At Frontier - DAF'
In international trade, a contract specification requiring the seller to deliver goods to a named destination, usually a border location, by a predetermined time. Up to the border, the seller is responsible for all risks and expenses associated with the delivery.
Terms used in international trade, such as delivered at frontier, outline who bears the risks and expenses of transporting goods under international transactions. A variety of terms exist for various methods of transportation. Delivered at frontier is most often used when using ground transport, such as truck or rail, to supply the goods.
 1. Acceptance Market
 2. Cost, Insurance and Freight - CIF
 3. Incoterms
 Trade terms published by the International Chamber of Commerce...
 4. Delivered Ex Ship - DES
 A trade term requiring the seller to deliver goods to a buyer...
 5. Welfare Capitalism
 Definition of welfare capitalism.
 6. LIBOR
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Hot Definitions
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Trading Center


text:
Wilhelmus Zakaria Johannes
|Wilhelmus Zakaria Johannes|
Rote, East Nusa Tenggara, Dutch East Indies
|Died||September 4, 1952
The Hague, Netherlands
Wilhelmus Zakaria Johannes (1895 – September 4, 1952) was an Indonesian radiology doctor. Johannes was the first Indonesian medical doctor who learned radiology in the CBZ (Civil Hospital) in Batavia and then became an expert in Rontgen technology and had contributed a lot to the development of medical studies in Indonesia. The Indonesian government honored WZ Johannes as a National Hero of Indonesia and named a general hospital in Kupang, East Nusa Tenggara after him. As a tribute, the name Wilhelmus Zakaria Johannes was used on an Indonesian Navy ship, the KRI Wilhelmus Zakarias Yohannes. Johannes died in 1952 and was buried at the Jati Petamburan Cemetery in Central Jakarta.
WZ Johannes was the cousin of Professor Herman Johannes, an Indonesian professor who was the Rector of Gadjah Mada University and father of Helmi Johannes, a newscaster and executive producer for VOA Indonesian television in Washington DC.
- Zaidir Djalal. Prof. Dr. W.Z. Yohannes. Jakarta: Mutiara, 1978.
|This biographical article related to medicine in Indonesia is a stub. You can help Wikipedia by expanding it.|

source: openbmb/Ultra-FineWeb


text:
of Reclamation.
Plan Your Visit
Tieton Dam is on the Tieton River, 40 miles west of Yakima, WA. From Yakima, follow U.S. 12, which goes through Tieton Canyon. The highway passes directly by the dam, which is visible to the left, and then parallels Rimrock Lake.
For more information on the dam, click here for the Bureau of Reclamation's Tieton Dam website. The Tieton Dam is documented in the National Park Service's Historic American Engineering Record. For recreational opportunities at Rimrock Lake, click here: Recreation.gov: Rimrock Lake or visit the Washington State website.
The American Hop Museum in Toppenish, 20 miles south of Yakima, is an excellent place to learn about hops. The museum, at 22 South B St., chronicles the history of the American hop industry from its earliest days in the New England colonies to its rapid expansion in California and the Pacific Northwest. The museum is open from May 1-September 30. Hours are 10:00am to 4:00pm Wednesday-Saturday and 11:00am to 4:00pm Sunday. Admission is $3 for adults, $2 for students, and free for children under 5.

source: HuggingFaceFW/fineweb-edu


text:
Vinegar-natural source of nitrate to safeguard organic porkBy ANI
Sunday, November 14, 2010
WASHINGTON - Scientists have suggested that vegetable juice powder could provide a natural source of nitrate to serve as a curing agent for pork and still be classified as a natural source.
Consumers' enthusiasm for natural and organic food products extends to cured pork products such as hams, bacon and frankfurters. But products can't be labelled as natural or organic if they contain preservatives.
That means two traditional curing agents for pork - nitrite and nitrate - aren't allowed in natural and organic versions.
Iowa State University researcher Joe Sebranek said that taking a couple of natural antimicrobial ingredients - vinegar with lactate and vinegar with lemon powder - and incorporating them into the naturally cured pork products works.
The bacterial pathogens such as Listeria monocytogenes in the naturally cured pork products were inhibited, though still not to an equivalent level as in conventionally cured pork products.
"With natural and organic products you're limited to ingredients that qualify as natural or organic, respectively.If you use something that is traditionally used as a preservative, that's not permitted in a natural product," said Sebranek.
"With a naturally fermented vinegar product, you have a mixture of organic acids.
It's not typically used as a preservative but it provides some of the organic acids that are recognized antimicrobials. There's a mixture in that kind of a product that essentially provides a preservative effect," he added. (ANI)


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How to FDM Print for Part Sliding Clearance
By GrabCAD Tutorials on June 14th, 2017 1 comment
If you are 3D printing parts that have to fit/slide together after printing, you will need to put some sort of clearance between those parts in your CAD system.
A good starting place is a clearance 2x the layer height you are going to print at, but you should make a few smaller test prints at different clearances to see if the 2x layer height rule holds for your particular situation and orientation.
Have fun and happy printing!
 1. Step 1:
 Step 1: Figure out your Z Layer Height. You probably know by now that most FDM printers lay out beads of molten plastic in an XY plane, then move the build platform or the head in the Z direction and start again with another XY layer.
 What you may NOT know is that the beads are not the same wide as they are high (which is why they are ovals in the picture above, not circles). But there IS a relation between the height and the width, and the height is usually easier to figure out in most FDM systems.
 If you're using GrabCAD Print, this is easy to find. Choose your printer in the bottom right, and then hit your "Print Settings" panel to see your slice heights. In the picture below, I've highlighted that I've chosen one of our Boston area F370's, and that it gives me four possible slice heights (0.005, 0.007, 0.010 or 0.013 inches).
 The point here is to choose ONE of those slice heights and continue.
 2. Step 2:
 Step 2: Convert that Z Layer Height into an XY bead width. This can either be the hardest or easiest step.
 Now, typically, (let the record show that I said 'typically', AND stressed it), for Stratasys printers, your XY width was 2 times your Z height, because the nozzle squished down the bead, to make it stick to the previous layers.
 So, if I chose a Z height of 0.005" to print at, my typical (let the record show…) XY layer thickness would be 0.010 inches. Thus, when designing my sliding components in CAD, I would start by leaving 0.010" clearance between those moving parts.
 Of course, many printers have different values for this conversion (typically…) so make sure to check this for your own system. But 2x the Z height is a decent place to start.
 3. Step 3:
 Step 3: Test the fit with a small, 35-minute print, BEFORE making your HUGE, 27-hour print.
 3D printing is supposed to be all about the testing and iterating, right? So we'd be foolish not to iterate and test on this key idea too before printing your masterpiece of sliding motion.
 4. Step 4:
 So, here is me, trying to fit a base and cover together with NO gap between the parts in my CAD
 Unsurprisingly, they don't fit.
 5. Step 5:
 Now here's me, putting together a base and cover with 0.010" gap in my CAD files.
 And with 2x the Z height gap, the parts fit great!
 6. Step 6:
 And just for one last sanity check, if I printed these parts at 0.020" or 0.030" clearance, they fit, but the fit is loose and sloppy.
 If you look closely at the picture, you can even SEE the gap between the parts, which is too much.
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text: This paper explores the problem of determining the success of students in higher engineering programmes. The best way to do this is a full cohort analysis, which yields information such as throughput rates, average time to graduation and average student years per graduate. A much cruder measure is graduates/headcount, the inverse of which is similar to average student years per graduate. The paper proposes an alternative to a full cohort analysis which looks back from graduation to predict the same parameters. These analyses are compared using data for a fouryear engineering programme. The results clearly show the shortcomings of the headcount analysis, as well as the potential of the looking back analysis, especially where large sets of data are concerned. The paper also indicates the value of determining the number of student years it take to generate a single graduate, in terms of the funding which needs to be provided.


text:
Glossary of Korean Cooking Terms and Ingredients
Definition and translation of Namul
Translation of the Korean word "cha" into English
Translation of Pojangmacha
Definition of Pojangmacha in Korean
Definition and translation of Hwe in Korean food
Definition and translation of Daenjang in Korean food
Definition and translation of Gogi
Definition of Anju in Korean food
Definition of Jun in Korean food
Definition and translation of banchan, Korean side dishes.
Definition and translation of Korean kimchi, one of the most important parts of Korean cuisine.
Definition and Translation of Dubu in Korean food, a soft beancurd which is also known as Tofu in the West
Definition and Description of Korean kaenipperilla leaves, also used in Japanese (shiso) and Vietnamese cooking.
Translation and Definition of Namul.
Translation of Gui as used in Korean cooking.
Bap or Bop
Translation of Bap
Definition of Korean kochukaru.
Definition for Korean kochujang.
Definition of Chigae (Korean stew)


Jump to content
Moving spheres from origin point to closest mesh/face/vertex
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Hello!
My scenario:
- An OBJ file containing several meshes (cube, cones, monkey head, etc) all touching each other
- A sphere (or more than one) created off to the side of the imported mesh.
My objectives are:
- Determine the closest point on the imported mesh from the sphere.
- Create another Sphere at that point.
The end result is a sphere on the surface of the imported mesh.
Before I started playing with Babylon JS, I had tried Three JS. I found a small routine that would do this. Now I'd like to do the same thing in Babylon. Here's the Three JS.
 // This function is called first. it accepts datapoint as a parameter. datapoint is the sphere that is off to the side of the imported model.
 function updateClosestPointPosition(datapoint) {
 var p = datapoint.position;
 var geom = partmodel.geometry; // cone.geometry

 var closestDistance = 1e9; // Don't understand 1e9 to be honest
 var closestFace = geom.faces.forEach(function (face) {
 var normal = face.normal;
 var va = geom.vertices[face.a];
 var vb = geom.vertices[face.b];
 var vc = geom.vertices[face.c];
 var pd = normal.dot(p.clone().sub(va));
 // move p -(pd - td) units in the direction of the normal
 var proj = p.clone().sub(normal.clone().multiplyScalar(pd));
 // closest point of proj and the triangle
 var cp = closestPointToTriangle(proj, va, vb, vc);
 if (cp.distanceTo(p) < closestDistance) {
 closestDistance = cp.distanceTo(p);
 closestPoint.position.copy(cp);
 closestPoint.position.y.toString() + ',' + closestPoint.position.z.toString() + ',';
 }
 })
 function sameSide(p1, p2, a, b) {
 var ab = b.clone().sub(a)
 var ap1 = p1.clone().sub(a)
 var ap2 = p2.clone().sub(a)
 var cp1 = new THREE.Vector3().crossVectors(ab, ap1)
 var cp2 = new THREE.Vector3().crossVectors(ab, ap2)
 return cp1.dot(cp2) >= 0
 }
 function pointInTriangle(p, a, b, c) {
 return sameSide(p, a, b, c) && sameSide(p, b, a, c) && sameSide(p, c, a, b)
 }
 function closestToSegment(p, a, b) {
 var ab = b.clone().sub(a)
 var nab = ab.clone().normalize()
 var n = nab.dot(p.clone().sub(a))
 if (n < 0) return a
 if (n > ab.length()) return b
 return a.clone().add(nab.multiplyScalar(n))
 }
 function closestToSides(p, sides) {
 var minDist = 1e9
 var ret
 sides.forEach(function (side) {
 var ct = closestToSegment(p, side[0], side[1])
 var dist = ct.distanceTo(p)
 if (dist < minDist) {
 minDist = dist
 ret = ct
 }
 })
 return ret
 }
 function closestPointToTriangle(p, a, b, c) {
 // if the point is inside the triangle then it's the closest point
 if (pointInTriangle(p, a, b, c)) return p
 // otherwise it's the closest point to one of the sides
 return closestToSides(p, [[a, b], [b, c], [a, c]])
 }

Is there an easy way to do this in babylon js or do i need to work on some conversion?
Here's the playground I started: _URL_
The playground uses two spheres.
Unfortunately I am not sure how to do this offhand.
Thank you for the assistance!
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I ran through the documentation on facet data and used it to construct a function that seems to work for me.
function GetNearestPoint(currentSphere) {
 var nearestMesh, nearestFacet, facetPos;
 var projected;
 var distance = 0;
 var shortestDistance = _PHONE_;
 meshes.forEach(function (mesh) { // meshes is an array containing the mesh and its "sub meshes"
 var facets = mesh.getFacetLocalPositions()
 if (facets.length > 0) {
 facets.forEach(function (facet) {
 distance = BABYLON.Vector3.Distance(currentSphere.position, facet);
 if (distance < shortestDistance) {
 nearestFacet = facet;
 shortestDistance = distance;
 nearestMesh = mesh;
 }
 });
 }
 });
 projected = BABYLON.Vector3.Zero();
 var index = nearestMesh.getClosestFacetAtCoordinates(nearestFacet.x, nearestFacet.y, nearestFacet.z, projected);
 return projected; // use this set of coordinates to construct the newer/closer sphere
}
Thanks for the help, everyone!
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Selecting a Pressure Transducer for Your Capillary Rheometer
It is common to refer to pressure transducers by their full-scale range in megapascals (1 MPa is 145 psi). The accuracy is 0.25% of the full scale of the pressure transducer. To obtain the highest quality data, the recommended minimum pressure is about 10 times the accuracy and the recommended maximum pressure is about 90% of the full-scale range. For example, if you select a 1,000 bar transducer, referred to as a 100 MPa transducer, the recommended minimum is 2.5 MPa (362 psi) (ten times the accuracy) and the recommended maximum is 90 MPa (13,050 psi) (90% of full-scale range).
Individual capillary rheometer pressure transducers have a limited range. For example, a 15 mm diameter barrel can only apply about 35.5 kN before it reaches the maximum of 200 MPa. Multiple transducers are often used to cover a wide variety of samples and tests.
Transducer
Posted On Mar 06, 2012 03:10 PM


text:
Abstract: In this paper, genetic algorithm has been investigated for the enhancement of the visible and infrared images. The algorithm was effective as the contents of the images became clear with the successive iterations. The algorithm was applied on the image for 200 random DNAs with successive iterations. The analysis of the results showed that the quality of images get enhanced with the successive iterations.
Keywords: Genetic Algorithm, Image Enhancement, DNA.


How to Make Date Paste
Many of our desserts and baking recipes rely heavily on date paste as a replacement for sugar. Because date paste includes the same nutrients you find in dates, it brings more nutrition to a dish than refined sugars. Date paste, however, is not easily available in most major grocery stores, which might leave you scratching your head. Never fear! Date paste is just date puree, and it's easy to make. Here are some tips for getting good results.
Apple-Date Torte
Apple-Date Torte is a wonderful dessert for trying out date paste because it's very forgiving where consistency is concerned.
1. Choose your dates.
For the best health benefit, look for whole, unsweetened dates. The ingredients label on the package should say only "dates." Some dried or chopped, candied dates contain added sugar, which you don't need.
2. Choose your amount.
Estimating your quantity is tricky, since date sizes vary by type and your ultimate volume will also depend on how much water you add. As a general rule of thumb, however, you will get approximately 1 cup of date paste for 12 Medjool dates.
3. Soak your dates.
Straight up dates will produce a paste thick enough to jam most blenders and getting a smooth consistency can be challenging. Cover your dates with warm water for 1 hour, then drain the liquid off completely, reserving the liquid.
4. Puree the dates.
Using the most powerful blending tool in your kitchen (blender, food processor, whatever you own that's strongest), puree the dates. If you're having trouble getting them to a nice paste consistency (think tomato paste for comparison), add in just enough water to reach a workable consistency.
5. Store the extra.
Because amounts can be challenging to adjust, it's not a bad idea to make date paste in a larger batch than you expect to need. Measure out 1/4 cup increments onto a parchment covered baking sheet and cover loosely with plastic wrap. Freeze for 4-6 hours, then transfer to a freezer bag for later use.


text:
Scheduled 3-D Recording with MATLAB
This topic describes how to schedule the recording of a 3-D animation using the MATLAB® interface for a virtual world that is associated with a Simulink® model. You control the animation file recording by presetting a time interval. The Simulink 3D Animation™ software records the animation during this interval in the simulation. In this example, the timing of the recorded animation file derives from the simulation time. One second of the recorded animation time corresponds to one second of Simulink time.
This procedure describes how to create a virtual world 3D animation file name with the default name format.
Run the Simulink model for associated with the virtual world.
The Simulink 3D Animation Viewer for that model is loaded and becomes active. If the viewer is not displayed, double-click the Simulink® 3D Animation block in the Simulink model.
To work with the virtual world associated with model, from the MATLAB interface, retrieve the virtual world handle. Use the
If the result indicates that only one
vrworldobject is in the workspace, assign its handle directly to a variable. Type
myworld = vrwho;
If multiple virtual worlds are listed, select which of these virtual worlds you want to manipulate. To select the virtual world, you can use indexing or a selection method using a string comparison of virtual world descriptions. For the indexing method, type
worlds = vrwho; myworld = worlds(1);
Direct the Simulink 3D Animation software to record the animation on a schedule by setting the
Direct the Simulink 3D Animation software to record the animation in a virtual world 3D format file.
Select the start and stop times during which you want to record the animation. For example, enter
5as the start time and
15as the stop time.
Ensure that the recording start time value is not earlier than the start time of the Simulink model; the recording operation cannot start in this instance. If the stop time exceeds the stop time of the Simulink model, or if it is an out of bounds value such as a negative number, the recording operation stops when the simulation stops. The recording can be slow.
Run the Simulink model. From the Simulation menu, select Mode > Normal, then click Simulation > Run. Alternatively, if you are using the Simulink 3D Animation default viewer, you can run the Simulink model with one of the following from the viewer.
From the menu bar, select the Simulation menu Start option to start the simulation.
From the toolbar, click Start/pause/continue simulation to start the simulation.
From the keyboard, press Ctrl+T to start the simulation.
The simulation runs. The Simulink 3D Animation software starts recording when the simulation time reaches the specified start time. The software creates a file
.x3din the current working folder when finished, where
Nis either 1 or more, depending on how many file iterations you have.
When you are done, stop the simulation. You can use one of the following from the viewer.
From the menu bar, select the Simulation menu Stop option to stop the simulation.
From the toolbar, click Stop simulation to stop the simulation.
From the keyboard, press Ctrl+T to stop the simulation.
Close and delete the objects if you do not want to continue using them.
- Manual 3-D Recording with MATLAB
- Manual 2-D AVI Recording with MATLAB
- Scheduled 2-D AVI Recording with MATLAB
- Record Animations for Unconnected Virtual Worlds
- Play Animation Files


text:
Jump to navigation Jump to search
|The Simple English Wiktionary has a definition for: waterhole.|
|Wikimedia Commons has media related to watering holes.|
A waterhole or water hole is a depression in the ground in which water can collect.
Waterhole or water hole may also refer to:
- Water hole (radio), an especially quiet region of the electromagnetic spectrum
- The Water Hole, a 1928 Western film
- Waterhole No. 3, a 1967 Western comedy film, a comic remake of The Good, the Bad, and the Ugly
- Watering hole attack, a computer attack strategy
Related pages[change | change source]
- Water well, an excavated hole that is dug to provide water
| This disambiguation page lists articles associated with the title Waterhole.
If an internal link led you here, you may wish to change the link to point directly to the intended article.


Browse Dictionary by Letter
Dictionary Suite
coeliac variant of celiac.
coenobite variant of cenobite.
coequal equal in some quality or rank. [2 definitions]
coercive of or using coercion.
coeternal combined form of eternal.
coeval coinciding in time of origin or existence; contemporary. [2 definitions]
coexecutor one who serves as a joint executor.
coexist to exist together at the same time or place. [2 definitions]
coexistence the act or condition of coexisting, esp. in a peaceful manner despite differences in values, customs, political systems, and the like.
coextend to extend equally through space or time.
coextensive coinciding in time, location, or range.
cofavorite combined form of favorite.
coffee a tropical plant that produces beans used to make a dark brown drink. [2 definitions]
coffeecake a sweet, breadlike cake, often containing nuts or raisins and served with coffee.


text:
Some users are experiencing problems pairing Plantronics Backbeat Fid and MacBook Pro. They are reporting that the MacBook doesn't discover the headset even if the Bluetooth on both devices is on. Updating the headset firmware doesn't help. If you have this pairing problem here is how can you fix it.
Step #1: How to Pair Plantronics Backbeat Fit with Macbook
First, you need to pop the headset in pairing mode, and then discover it from your Macbook. Here is how to do that.
- Make sure your Plantronics Backbeat Fit is turned off. (Turn it off it isn't).
- Open Bluetooth settings on your Mac (System Preferences > Bluetooth).
- Click on the + button in the bottom left corner of the Bluetooth window.
- Now, Press and hold the power button of the Plantronics Breakbeat Pro headset (Do not release it). Keep it pressed (5 – 10 seconds) until the LED indicator on the headset starts blinking red and blue, or you hear it says "Pairing." Once it starts flashing, release the button.
- Now, the headset should appear in the list of Bluetooth devices on your Mac. (You will see something like this 00-0b-01-00-22. That is your headset's Bluetooth address.)
- Once the headset appears on your Mac, click on Continue.
- Next, you will see a Conclusion window telling you that your computer is now set up to use your headset. That means your headset is connected.
If you turned the headset on and it didn't enter the pairing mode, turn it off and start the pairing procedure from the beginning.
Note: The only way to enter the paring mode is to press and hold the power button while the headset is turned off.
Step #2: Try Pairing Plantronics Backbeat Fit with Another Device
If the previous step didn't help in connecting the headset to your Macbook, make sure you have a working headset, by pairing it with your smartphone, or tablet.
If you have successfully paired Plantronics Backbeat Fit with any other device, it means that the headset is working fine. Now, make sure you have a working Bluetooth on your Mac.
If you cannot connect Plantronics Backbeat Fit to any other device, make sure you check its warranty and contact the seller.


text:
SAP Ariba Procurement Demo Questions
When you're studying for SAP Ariba Procurement exam, it's important to know what kind of questions to expect. This way, you can focus your studies on the areas that will be covered on the C_ARP2P_2302 exam.
To help you out, we've compiled a list of SAP Ariba Procurement Certification sample questions and answers which will help you a lot in the exam.
SAP Ariba Procurement questions will give you a good idea of the format and difficulty level of the exam, as well as the types of topics that will be covered. If you want to clear your SAP Ariba Procurement Exam in single attempt then we highly recommend you go to through the full C_ARP2P_2302 dumps.
SAP Ariba Procurement Certification questions can help you clear the exam by providing you with an opportunity to practice what you have learned. Additionally, C_ARP2P_2302 certification questions can help to identify any areas where you may need additional study. By taking the time to review certification questions, you can improve your chances of passing the exam. If you're preparing for SAP Ariba Procurement certification exam, one of the best ways to study is by answering practice questions. This will give you a good idea of what to expect on the actual SAP Ariba Procurement exam. Furthermore, by familiarizing yourself with the format and types of questions, you can optimize your study time and improve your chances of passing the exam.
C_ARP2P_2302 Certification questions can help you clear the exam by testing your knowledge of the material. By answering questions, you can see where you need to brush up on your understanding of the concepts. In addition, answering questions can help you identify any areas where you may need more study.
SAP Ariba Procurement Sample Questions:
1. Where would you find information such as recurring fees and expenses in a contract?
A. Contract terms
B. Cost terms
C. Pricing terms
D. Item terms
2. To access the Ariba Procurement Solution you need to enter your username and password on a login screen. Your company security and authentication rules govern which of the following three possible login authentication methods? (3 Correct)
A. Application authentication
B. Application authentication with Single Sign-On
C. Corporate authentication
D. Corporate authentication with Single Sign-On
E. Corporate authentication with Multiple Sign-On
3. Which of the following are ways to create contract requests? (3 Correct)
A. Create directly
B. Create from a Contract Workspace
C. Upload from a Microsoft Excel template
D. Upload from a PDF
E. Upload directly
4. How many ways exist to close a purchase order?
5. Which of the following files can be used to specify approvers when defining the action for an approval rule?
A. User Data Consolidated file
B. User Group Mapping file
C. Approver Lookup file
D. Team Member Rule file
6. Which of the following statements are true regarding Contract Addendum?
A. It is a Microsoft Word document that contains the text of the Contract Agreement
B. It is organized into Sections and Clauses
C. It provides Microsoft Word integration
D. Only a and c
E. All of the above
7. Your customer wants to auto-accept low dollar invoice reconciliations. Which actions do you perform in SAP Ariba Buying and Invoicing? (2 Correct)
A. Update invoice exception tolerances.
B. Set the commodity code to reconcile by amount.
C. Add an override to an invoice exception.
D. Enable an auto-accept amount parameter.
8. Which files must be maintained under SM Administration when SAP Ariba Supplier Lifecycle and Performance is integrated with Guided Buying? (2 Correct)
9. Your customer wants to use SAP Ariba to identify sources of supply for specific goods and services. The customer does NOT have an up. What would you present to your customer? (2 Correct)
A. The Ariba Spot Buy functionality
B. The Ariba Discovery functionality
C. The Ariba Non-Catalog Requisition functionality
D. The Ariba sourcing functionality
10.Which of the following integration options can be used with an SAP ERP customer? (2 Correct)
A. Batch file channel
B. SAP Ariba Cloud Integration Gateway
C. Web services
D. Suite integration
Check Out The Answer Key
C_ARP2P_2302 FAQ | C_ARP2P_2302 detail | C_ARP2P_2302 study material | C_ARP2P_2302 practice tests | C_ARP2P_2302 sample questions | C_ARP2P_2302 Pdf dumps


French government renames Twitter hashtag
France's official state documents will now adopt the phrase "mot dièse" to refer to the social networking symbol
French government renames Twitter hashtag
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Sacré bleu! The French government have moved to protect their nation from the sinister Anglicising effect of Twitter by replacing the word "hashtag" with their own Gallic term "mot-dièse", which translates as "sharp word".
The Commission Génerale de Terminologie et de Néologie – a government agency solely responsible for the preservation of the French language – has made it a legal requirement that the French equivalent to the English term be used in all official government legislation and correspondence. French Twitter users will also be encouraged to adopt the new word, although any decision to revert to the use of "hashtag" will not be deemed an illegal offence.
Back in 2003, the same agency attempted to replace the word "email" with the French equivalent, "courriel", with limited success. "Mot dièse" doesn't exactly trip off the tongue so it remains to be seen whether the French will adopt it into their vernacular. _TAG_


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The piovdc library for writing Vapor Data Collection (VDC) 2 data files _URL_
The piovdc library is used to write VDC2 data files in a parallel manner using PIO. After the prerequisite library functions are used, a call to pio_writedarray is made, writing the passed data to an on disk VDC2 collection.
VDF meta-file must be generated, using either rawtovdf or vdfcreate if advanced features (wavelet type, compression ratios, or boundary type) are needed VDF file requires VDC version to be 2, and requires the Waveletname, WaveletBoundaryMode, CompressionRations, and NumTransforms to be set.
After a successful write, VDC2 data will be in a directory located in the same directory as the vdf file, using the vdf name, appended with _data (ex. ghost.vdf generates VDC2 data in the dir ghost_data in the vdf dir) If no compression is enabled, a single, uncompressed file will be generated using PIO instead of a VDC


Ask A Cartographer
Saving causes massive file size.
July 13 2011 | 0 comments
Categories: ArcGIS Methods
Why is it that when I save a map, the map itself grows in size?
The map I currently am working started off at 5mb, then grew to a staggering 48mb.
I eventually transferred all the data to a new map and started over with a 5 mb file. As I was saving, I watched it grow about 300 kb WITHOUT ADDING ANY NEW DATA!
What gives?
Mapping Center Answer:
There are a number of reasons that this can happen. For example, it may be caused by a large amount of geoprocessing results stored in the Results tab in ArcToolbox in ArcCatalog. Her eis a Knowledge Base article about how to deal with this:
Here is another KB article on why the files sizes grow and how using Save As will help to control the growth:
If you would like to post a comment, please login.
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Leonardo DiCaprio is a renowned actor who has captivated audiences with his exceptional talent and stunning performances. Despite his Italian-sounding name, there is a common misconception that he is an Italian immigrant. Let's dive deeper into the truth behind this speculation.
The Early Life of Leonardo DiCaprio
Leonardo Wilhelm DiCaprio was born on November 11, 1974, in Los Angeles, California. His parents are George DiCaprio and Irmelin Indenbirken. Although his surname sounds Italian, Leonardo's ancestry does have Italian roots.
Fun fact: Leonardo's father is of half German and half Italian descent.
The Italian Connection
While the DiCaprio family name sounds unmistakably Italian, it is essential to note that Leonardo himself was born and raised in the United States. His paternal grandparents, Salvatore DiCaprio and Rosina Casella, were both of Italian heritage.
Note: Leonardo's grandmother Rosina Casella migrated from Italy to the United States during her childhood.
The Real Immigration Story
Despite the mistaken belief that Leonardo himself is an immigrant, it was actually his maternal grandparents who immigrated to the United States from Germany and Russia. His maternal grandfather came from Germany while his maternal grandmother hailed from Russia.
The Influence of Ancestry
Although not an immigrant himself, it is clear that Leonardo DiCaprio's diverse heritage has played a significant role in shaping his identity and artistic expression. He embraces his Italian ancestry as part of his cultural heritage while remaining deeply connected to his American upbringing.
In conclusion, while Leonardo DiCaprio's surname may give the impression of Italian heritage, he is not an Italian immigrant. Leonardo's grandparents, specifically his paternal grandmother, had Italian origins.
However, it is important to note that Leonardo himself was born and raised in the United States. Nonetheless, his diverse ancestry has undoubtedly influenced his life and career, contributing to his incredible performances and broad appeal.


The potential impact of an implemented income redistribution package on obesity prevalence in New Zealand.
Last updated on 18-12-2020 by Stefanie Vandevijvere
Peer reviewed scientific article
AIM: This study quantified associations between (absolute and relative) individual income and obesity prevalence. These associations were then used to model the potential effect of a New Zealand (NZ) Government's income redistributive policy (the Families Package) on adult obesity prevalence. METHODS: Logistic regressions were used to investigate associations between absolute individual income and adult obesity prevalence in NZ. Linear regressions were used to assess associations between relative income (income inequality measured by Gini) and obesity prevalence (from the NCD-RisC) for O…
Associated health topics:
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Consider clay with the following properties:
c = 50 kPa (cohesion)
a = 25 kPa (adhesion)
t = 10 kPa (tensile strength)
1. Which soil mechanical parameters determine the clay cutting.
2. Write down the equations for the horizontal and vertical cutting forces in clay.
3. Determine the cutting forces on the blade (as described with sand cutting) for the flow type of cutting process (velocity effects can be neglected).
4. Determine the specific energy.


2. Remove host from the pool
Lesson 12 out of 182
Removing of the host, located in the pool is performed via the 1. Manage servers in the pool > 2. Remove host from the pool.
Indicate IP-address or DNS-name for the host to be removed from the server pool:
After the confirmation, server will be deleted from the pool:
Attention! Task execution may take a rather long time (up to 2-3 hours and more) depending on the task complexity, data volume used in such tasks, capacity and server load. You can check the currently executed tasks by using menu item 5. Background tasks in the pool > 1. View running tasks. If task completion log files are needed to be reviewed, they are located in the following directory /opt/webdir/temp.


Signup and API keys
Stay organized with collections Save and categorize content based on your preferences.
To use the Google Awareness API, you must add a Google API key to your app. The type of API key you need is an Android API key.
All Android apps are signed with a digital certificate for which you hold the private key. For more information about digital certificates, refer to the Android guide on how to sign your app.
Android API keys are linked to specific certificate-package pairs. You only need one key for each certificate, no matter how many users you have for the app.
Several steps are required for you to get a key for your app. They're described in detail in this guide, and are summarized as follows:
 1. Get information about your app's certificate.
 2. Register a project in the Google Developers console and add the User Context API as a service for the project.
 3. Request a key.
 4. Add the key to your app. To do so, add an element to your app manifest.
Find your app's certificate information
The API key is based on a short form of your app's digital certificate, known as its SHA-1 fingerprint. To display the SHA-1 fingerprint for your certificate, first ensure that you use the right certificate. You might have the following two certificates to choose from:
 - A debug certificate: The Android SDK tools generate this certificate automatically when you do a debug build. Only use this certificate with apps that you're testing. Don't attempt to publish an app that's signed with a debug certificate. The debug certificate is described in more detail in the Sign your debug build section in the Android developer documentation.
 - A release certificate: The Android SDK tools generate this certificate when you do a release build. You can also generate this certificate with the keytool program. Use this certificate when you're ready to release your app to the world.
For more information about keytool, see its Oracle documentation.
Debug certificate
Display the debug certificate fingerprint
Use the keytool program with the -v parameter to display a certificate's SHA-1 fingerprint. To do so, complete the following steps:
 1. Locate your debug keystore file. The file name is debug.keystore, and it's created the first time you build your project. By default, it's stored in the same directory as your Android Virtual Device (AVD) files:
 - OS X and Linux: ~/.android/
 - Windows Vista and Windows 7: C:\Users\your_user_name\.android\
 2. List the SHA-1 fingerprint:
 - For Linux or OS X, open a terminal window and enter the following:
 keytool -list -v -keystore ~/.android/debug.keystore -alias androiddebugkey -storepass android -keypass android
 - For Windows Vista and Windows 7, run the following:
 keytool -list -v -keystore "%USERPROFILE%\.android\debug.keystore" -alias androiddebugkey -storepass android -keypass android
You should see output similar to the following:
Alias name: androiddebugkey
Creation date: Jan 01, 2013
Entry type: PrivateKeyEntry
Certificate chain length: 1
Certificate[1]:
Owner: CN=Android Debug, O=Android, C=US
Issuer: CN=Android Debug, O=Android, C=US
Serial number: 4aa9b300
Valid from: Mon Jan 01 08:04:04 UTC 2013 until: Mon Jan 01 18:04:04 PST 2033
Certificate fingerprints:
 MD5: AE:9F:95:D0:A6:86:89:BC:A8:70:BA:34:FF:6A:AC:F9
 SHA1: BB:0D:AC:74:D3:21:E1:43:07:71:9B:62:90:AF:A1:66:6E:44:5D:75
 Signature algorithm name: SHA1withRSA
 Version: 3
Release certificate
Display the release certificate fingerprint
Use the keytool program with the -v parameter to display a certificate's SHA-1 fingerprint. To do so, complete the following steps:
 1. Locate your release certificate keystore file. There's no default location or name for the release keystore. If you don't specify one when you build your app for release, the build leaves your .apk unsigned and you have to sign it before you can publish it. For the release certificate, you also need the certificate's alias, the passwords for the keystore, and the certificate.
 2. Enter the following to list the aliases for all the keys in a keystore:
 keytool -list -keystore your_keystore_name

 3. Replace your_keystore_name with the fully qualified path and name of the keystore. Include the .keystore extension. Enter the keystore's password when prompted. Then, keytool displays all the aliases in the keystore.
 4. Enter the following at a terminal or command prompt:
 keytool -list -v -keystore your_keystore_name -alias your_alias_name

 5. Replace your_keystore_name with the fully qualified path and name of the keystore. Include the .keystore extension.
 6. Replace your_alias_name with the alias that you assigned to the certificate when you created it.
You should see output similar to the following:
Alias name: <alias_name>
Creation date: Feb 02, 2013
Entry type: PrivateKeyEntry
Certificate chain length: 1
Certificate[1]:
Owner: CN=Android Debug, O=Android, C=US
Issuer: CN=Android Debug, O=Android, C=US
Serial number: 4cc9b300
Valid from: Mon Feb 02 08:01:04 UTC 2013 until: Mon Feb 02 18:05:04 PST 2033
Certificate fingerprints:
 MD5: AE:9F:95:D0:A6:86:89:BC:A8:70:BA:34:FF:6B:AC:F9
 SHA1: BB:0D:AC:74:D3:21:E1:43:67:71:9B:62:90:AF:A1:66:6E:44:5D:75
 Signature algorithm name: SHA1withRSA
 Version: 3
The line that begins with SHA1 contains the certificate's SHA-1 fingerprint. The fingerprint is the sequence of 20 two-digit hexadecimal numbers separated by colons.
Get an API key from the Google Developers Console
To get started with the Google Awareness API, click the Get a key button. It links to the Google Developers Console, which guides you through the process and activates the Awareness API automatically.
Get a key
Alternatively, follow these steps to get an API key:
 1. Go to the Google Developers Console.
 2. Select a project, or create a new one.
 3. Click Continue to enable the Awareness API.
 4. On the "Credentials" page, create an Android key and set the API credentials.
 5. In the 'Create key" dialog, you need to restrict your usage to Android apps. To do so, enter your app's SHA-1 fingerprint and package name, like in the following example:
 BB:0D:AC:74:D3:21:E1:43:67:71:9B:62:91:AF:A1:66:6E:44:5D:75

 com.example.android.awareness-example

 6. Click Create. Your new Android API key appears in the list of API keys for your project. An API key is a string of characters, like the following:
 AIzaSyBdVl-cTICSwYKrZ95LoVuw7dbMuDt1KG0

Now that you have an API key, you can add it to your app's manifest, as described in the Get started guide.
Activate Additional APIs
The Awareness API allows you to access multiple types of contextual data, such as beacons. To use these types, you need to enable the corresponding APIs in the Google Developers Console.
Service Awareness API methods API to enable
Beacons SnapshotApi.getBeaconState(), FenceApi.BeaconFence Nearby Messages API


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Search API Connector Documentation
Import Coinbase Data to Google Sheets
In this guide, we'll walk through how to pull cryptocurrency market data from the Coinbase Digital Currency API directly into Google Sheets, using the API Connector add-on for Sheets.
Coinbase doesn't provide that much data via these endpoints (other crypto APIs are generally better in that respect), but it is easy to use and useful for getting a comprehensive list of exchange rates in one go.
This article also includes a template to access private account data.
- Before You Begin
- Part 1: Create your API Request URL
- Part 2: Pull Coinbase API Data into Sheets
- Part 3: More Example Coinbase API URLs
- Part 4: Get Private Coinbase Account Data
- Part 5: API Documentation
Before You Begin
Click here to install the API Connector add-on from the Google Marketplace.
Part 1: Create Your Coinbase API Request URL
We'll first access the latest exchange rate data for Bitcoin.
- API root: _URL_
- Endpoint: /v2/exchange-rates
- Query String:?symbol=BTC
Putting it together, we get the full API Request URL:
Part 2: Pull Coinbase API Data into Sheets
Now let's get that data into Sheets.
- Open up Google Sheets and click Extensions > API Connector > Open.
- In the Create tab, enter the API URL we just created.
- Leave the OAuth and Headers sections empty. The market data part of the Coinbase API is public, so we don't need any headers or other authentication.
- Create a new tab, and click Set current to use that tab as your data destination.
- Name your request, and click Run. A moment later you'll see the latest exchange rate data for Bitcoin appear in your Google Sheet:
- If you'd like to see the data in columns instead of rows, create a second sheet and include the Sheets function
- If you only need some of those exchange rates, hit Edit Fields before running your request, and select just the fields you want to see in your sheet.
Part 3: More Example API URLs
Experiment with endpoints and query strings as described in the documentation to see other types of currency and crypto data from the API. For example, you can try the following URLs, one at a time (substitute in other currency symbols or dates, if you like).
- list of all currencies and corresponding symbols
- current spot price of any currency pair (the spot price is usually between the buy and sell price)
- historical price snapshot of currency pair at a specified date
Part 4: Get Private Coinbase Account Data
The above endpoints deal with public market data from the Coinbase API.
If you are instead a Coinbase customer looking to get API data from your own account, they require a more complex authentication process that includes generating a "signature".
To access your private account data, please copy this sheet and follow the instructions within.
Part 5: API Documentation
Official API documentation: _URL_


All About SAP BDC | Batch Data Communication
This tutorial will cover the following topics-
 1. Introduction to BDC.
 2. Method of Batch Input.
 3. Batch Data Procedures.
 4. Writing BDC programs.
 5. Creating Batch input Session.
 6. Batch Input Recording.
Lets Begin!
Introduction to Batch input
Batch input is typically used to transfer data from non-R/3 systems to R/3 systems or to transfer data between R/3 systems.
It is a data transfer technique that allows you to transfer datasets automatically to screens belonging to transactions, and thus to an SAP system. Batch input is controlled by a batch input session.
Batch input session
Groups a series of transaction calls together with input data and user actions. A batch input session can be used to execute a dialog transaction in batch input, where some or all the screens are processed by the session. Batch input sessions are stored in the database as database tables and can be used within a program as internal tables when accessing transactions.
Points to note
 - BDI works by carrying out normal SAP transactions just as a user would but it execute the transaction automatically.All the screen validations and business logic validation will be done while using Batch Data Input.
 - It is suitable for entering large amount of data.
 - No manual interaction is required
Methods of Batch Input
SAP provide two basic methods for transferring legacy data in to the R/3 System.
 1. Classical Batch Input method.
 2. Call Transaction Method.
Classical Batch Input method
In this method an ABAP/4 program reads the external data to the SAP System and stores in a batch input session.
After creating the session, you can run the session to execute the SAP transaction in it.
This method uses the function modules BDC_ OPEN, BDC_INSERT and BDC_CLOSE
Batch Input Session can be process in 3 ways
 1. In the foreground
 2. In the background
 3. During processing, with error display
You should process batch input sessions in the foreground or using the error display if you want to test the data transfer.
If you want to execute the data transfer or test its performance, you should process the sessions in the background.
Points to note about Classical Batch Input method
 - Asynchronous processing
 - Transfer data for multiple transactions.
 - Synchronous database update.
 - A batch input process log is generated for each session.
 - Session cannot be generated in parallel.
Call Transaction Method.
In this method ABAP/4 program uses CALL TRANSACTION USING statement to run an SAP transaction.
Entire batch input process takes place online in the program
Points to Note:
 - Faster processing of data
 - Synchronous processing
 - Transfer data for a single transaction.
 - No batch input processing log is generated.
Batch Input Procedures
You will typically observe the following sequence of steps to develop Batch Input for your organization
 1. Analysis of the legacy data. Determine how the data to be transferred is to be mapped in to the SAP Structure. Also take note of necessary data type or data length conversions.
 2. Generate SAP data structures for using in export programs.
 3. Export the data in to a sequential file. Note that character format is required by predefined SAP batch input programs.
 4. If the SAP supplied BDC programs are not used, code your own batch input program. Choose an appropriate batch input method according to the situation.
 5. Process the data and add it to the SAP System.
 6. Analyze the process log. For the CALL TRANSACTION method, where no proper log is created, use the messages collected by your program.
 7. From the results of the process analysis, correct and reprocess the erroneous data.
Writing BDC program
You may observe the following process to write your BDC program
 1. Analyze the transaction(s) to process batch input data.
 2. Decide on the batch input method to use.
 3. Read data from a sequential file
 4. Perform data conversion or error checking.
 5. Storing the data in the batch input structure,BDCDATA.
 6. Generate a batch input session for classical batch input,or process the data directly with CALL TRANSACTION USING statement.
Batch Input Data Structure
Declaration of batch input data structure
DATA : BEGIN OF < bdc table>
OCCURS .
DATA:END OF .
Field name Type Length Description
PROGRAM CHAR 8 Module pool
DYNPRO NUMC 4 Dynpro number
DYNBEGIN CHAR 1 Starting a dynpro
FNAM CHAR 35 Field name
FVAL CHAR 80 Field value
The order of fields within the data for a particular screen is not of any significance
Points to Note
 - While populating the BDC Data make sure that you take into consideration the user settings. This is specially relevant for filling fields which involves numbers ( Like quantity, amount ). It is the user setting which decides on what is the grouping character for numbers E.g.: A number fifty thousand can be written as 50,000.00 or 50.000,00 based on the user setting.
 - Condense the FVAL field for amount and quantity fields so that they are left aligned.
 - Note that all the fields that you are populating through BDC should be treated as character type fields while populating the BDC Data table.
 - In some screens when you are populating values in a table control using BDC you have to note how many number of rows are present on a default size of the screen and code for as many rows. If you have to populate more rows then you have to code for "Page down" functionality as you would do when you are populating the table control manually.
 - Number of lines that would appear in the above scenario will differ based on the screen size that the user uses. So always code for standard screen size and make your BDC work always in standard screen size irrespective of what the user keeps his screen size as.
Creating Batch Input Session
 1. Open the batch input session session using function module BDC_OPEN_GROUP.
 2. For each transaction in the session:
 - Fill the BDCDATA with values for all screens and fields processed in the transaction.
 - Transfer the transaction to the session with BDC_INSERT.
 3. Close the batch input session with BDC_CLOSE_GROUP
Batch Input Recorder
Batch input recorder (System > Services > Batch input > Recorder) records transactions which are manually entered and creates a batch input session which can be executed later using SM35.
 - Begin the batch input recorder by selecting the Recording pushbutton from the batch input initial screen.
 - The recording name is a user defined name and can match the batch input session name which can be created from the recording.
 - Enter a SAP transaction and begin posting the transaction.
 - After you have completed posting a SAP transaction you either choose Get Transaction and Save to end the recording or Next Transaction and post another transaction.
 - Once you have saved the recording you can create a batch input session from the recording and/or generate a batch input program from the recording.
 - The batch input session you created can now be analyzed just like any other batch input session.
 - The program which is generated by the function of the batch input recorder is a powerful tool for the data interface programmer. It provides a solid base which can then be altered according to customer requirements.
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The accelerationIncludingGravity property returns the amount of acceleration recorded by the device, in meters per second squared (m/s2). Unlike DeviceMotionEvent.acceleration which compensates for the influence of gravity, its value is the sum of the acceleration of the device as induced by the user and the acceleration caused by gravity.
This value is not typically as useful as DeviceMotionEvent.acceleration, but may be the only value available on devices that aren't able of removing gravity from the acceleration data, such as on devices that don't have a gyroscope.
var acceleration = instanceOfDeviceMotionEvent.accelerationIncludingGravity;
The accelerationIncludingGravity property is an object providing information about acceleration on three axis. Each axis is represented with its own property:
Represents the acceleration upon the x axis which is the west to east axis
Represents the acceleration upon the y axis which is the south to north axis
Represents the acceleration upon the z axis which is the down to up axis
Specification Status Comment
Device Orientation Events Working Draft Initial specification.
Browser compatibility
Basic support (Yes) 6 (6)???
Basic support (Yes) 6.0 (6) Not supported Not supported 4.2
See also
© 2016 Mozilla Contributors


How to Brew Smoked Beer: Rauchbiers, Smoked Stouts, and More
Smoked beer can be polarizing. While some people love it, others can't stand it. Is it an acquired taste? Or are there not enough great quality smoked beers available on the market? We're here to shed some light on this often misunderstood area of brewing.
With many breweries reviving this historic style, smoked beer is becoming increasingly popular. Still though, for the best and freshest versions, you'll need to brew it yourself!
How To Brew A Great Smoked Beer
Fans of Scotch, Southern barbecue, smoky bacon, and smoked salmon should all try brewing a smoked beer. And even if you don't love other smoked food and drinks, smoked beer might bring a new and interesting aspect to your brewing repertoire.
What is a Smoked Beer?
Smoked beers refer to all beers with a smoky flavor. No… the beer isn't put in a smoker like making smoked ribs!
Instead, smoked beer is made with malt that has been dried in wood-fired kilns. This malt absorbs the flavor of the burning wood smoke, which is transferred into beer during the mashing process.
Smoked beer comes in a wide range of flavors, styles, strengths, and colors. The one common thread is the use of smoked malt, in varying percentages.
What is Smoked Malt?
Smoked malt is the key to smoked beer. Interestingly, all beer was once brewed with smoked malt. That's because malted barley was exclusively kilned over wood-fired ovens, where the smoke passed through the malt. This imparted that unmistakable smoky taste in all brewer's malt as it dried.
During the industrial revolution, through the 17th century, coal fired kilns began to replace most wood-fired ones. Smoke from the burning coal was diverted to chimneys, and the residual heat produced by the coal was what was used for drying the malt.
Because of this, smoked flavor was eliminated from nearly all malt. Brewers and consumers alike began enjoying the more neutral flavored malts. The shift allowed brewers to have more flexibility in highlighting hop and yeast expression.
Wood smoked malt was relegated to traditional breweries and specialty beers. Today, several maltsters make specialty smoked malt, and some breweries even produce their own. The largest smoked malt producing maltster is Weyermann, in Bamberg, Germany.
Types of Smoked Malt
Smoked malt is usually malted barley, but smoked wheat malt is also fairly common. Malt can be smoked with any type of wood, but the most commonly available are:
 - Beechwood: Traditional and most common type of smoked malt, often sold as Rauch Malt or Rauchmalz. Very smoky but pleasantly balanced.
 - Oak: Rounded and subtle smoke flavor. Often used for smoked wheat production.
 - Cherrywood: Commonly found in the U.S. Balanced smokiness much like beechwood smoked malt.
 - Peat: High smokiness and an almost acrid flavor. This is what Single Malt whisky is made from for that intensely smoked profile.
Smoked Beer Styles
Smoked Marzen
General in name, Rauchbier directly translates to "smoke beer" from German. In Germany, the term Rauchbier refers to all types of beers made with smoked malt. Confusing perhaps, outside of Germany, Rauchbier generally refers to a specific style of beer: smoked marzen.
Smoked marzen is dark, malty, and very smoky but backed by delicious malt sweetness. Hop bitterness is subdued but present, adding to drinkability. It's a marzen, a classic German lager, but made with nearly 100% smoked malt.
The most quintessential smoked beer, Aecht Schlenkerla Rauchbier Märzen, is world-class and a must-drink for any fan of smoked beer.
Smoked Pale Lager
Less common, but equally delicious, are smoked pale lagers, like smoked helles and smoked pilsner. With all of the thirst-quenching and crisp qualities of the base style, the added layer of smoke creates a delicious new dimension.
Brewed with 40 to 60% smoked malt, smoked pale lagers come across exceptionally smoky due to the subtle base malt and hop flavors. Served cold and highly carbonated, there may be no better pairing for barbecued foods like sausages and pulled-pork.
Grodziskie is a historic smoked beer from Poland. Dating back to the 14th or 15th century, the style is a light and refreshing ale brewed with oak-smoked wheat malt. It's very effervescent and bright, with a rounded body and soft mouthfeel from the wheat malt.
At around 3 to 4% ABV, Grozsikie is similar to Belgian grisette, but brewed with 100% oak-smoked wheat malt and fermented with a clean German ale yeast.
Smoked sour ale – certainly not a beer for everyone. You might be surprised by the complex mix of flavors that Lichtenhainer puts forth. The style originates in Thuringia, Germany and is usually brewed with equal parts pilsner malt, wheat malt and smoked malt.
It's light in body, low in alcohol, pale and refreshing, very much like Berliner Weisse, but not quite as tart. The subtle layer of smoke adds to its drinkability and complexity, creating a very unique and quaffable beer.
Smoked Porter and Smoked Stout
Porters and stouts are common candidates to be smokified. Whether you're brewing a session strength porter or a sticky imperial stout, a bit of smoked malt can complement the roasted and chocolatey malt.
When brewing smoked stouts and porters, be sure to retain some residual sweetness. Too dry, black smoked beers can come across burnt tasting. Using an English yeast, like Wyeast 1318 London Ale III, or incorporating some caramel malts can help soften the mouthfeel.
What makes a good Smoked Beer?
Smoked beer can vary widely in style and level of smokiness. Depending on the brewer's vision, beers can range from very subtly smoked to face-in-a-campfire levels. There are no minimum or maximum thresholds for smokiness.
Generally, smoked beer should be balanced. If it's very smoky, malt sweetness and balanced bitterness should complement those intense flavors. For lightly smoked beers, like smoked pilsner or helles, crisp malt backbone and herbal hoppiness is desirable.
For those unaccustomed to smoked beer, it does take some getting used to. Many people directly associate smoked flavors with food – like bacon or smoked ham – which can be a bit mind-bending in the context of beer.
Per Schlenkerla, the masters of smoked beer:
How to brew Smoked Beer
Brewing smoked beer takes experimentation and an ambitious brewing spirit. Using smoked malt, you need to be willing to accept that the beer might come out a little "too much" or "not enough". The more you brew with smoked malt, the more consistent you'll be able to design recipes.
Generally, smoked beers are not overly hoppy. Assertive hop character can clash with smoked flavor, or the smokiness can overwhelm hoppiness. That said, a smoked NEIPA may be possible with the right mix of ingredients – I've certainly been considering experimenting.
Recipe design
Smoked malt can replace a certain percentage of the base malt from most beer recipes. If you have a favorite helles or pilsner recipe, swap out 40 to 50% of the pilsner malt with smoked malt.
Here's a handy guide that can help with smoked beer recipe decisions:
Style Average Smokiness Smoked Malt % Other Malts Yeast
Smoked Marzen (Rauchbier) ⬤⬤⬤⬤⬤⬤⬤⬤◯◯ 90 – 100% CaraMunich (2%), roasted barley (2%) Lager
Smoked Helles ⬤⬤⬤⬤⬤⬤◯◯◯◯ 20 – 50% Pilsner Lager
Smoked Pilsner ⬤⬤⬤⬤◯◯◯◯◯◯ 10 – 30% Pilsner Lager
Grodziskie ⬤⬤⬤⬤⬤⬤⬤⬤⬤◯ 100% oak-smoked wheat German Ale
Smoked Stout and Porter ⬤⬤⬤⬤⬤◯◯◯◯◯ 15 – 40% Pale malt, roasted barley, chocolate malt, caramel malt Ale or Lager
Lichtenhainer ⬤⬤⬤◯◯◯◯◯◯◯ ~33% Wheat (33%), Pilsner (33%) Lactobacillus and Ale
Recipe: Smoked Pilsner
This is a simple Smoked Pilsner recipe that's a great introduction to the world of smoked brewing. A touch of wheat helps round out the mouthfeel, and a heavy hand of smoked malt comes across smoky but balanced.
It's extremely refreshing and drinkable like a Pilsner, but with a layer of unique smoked complexity.
Final Volume Original Gravity Final Gravity ABV IBU SRM
5 Gallons 1.048 1.008 5.3


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Maps, transcriptions, photos and information for cemeteries in every county in Texas.
Also known as Willow Hole Cemetery, Zulch Community Cemetery
12 mi. N. of Madisonville. Located at 12910 FM 1372, North Zulch--about eight miles S of Highway 21 down FM 39 to FM 1372 and left on FM 1372 to the cemetery.
Willowhole Cemetery. This community was settled in the 1850s and named for a nearby spring-fed hollow. The cemetery served as a community graveyard for the town, which until the early 1900s contained businesses, schools, and churches. The first recorded burial here was that of Mary J. Burts in 1866. A cemetery association was founded in 1917 about the time annual July 4th picnics began. In 1977 a fund for perpetual maintenance was established. Among the more than 2600 people buried here are pioneers of the area and their descendants and veterans of conflicts from the Civil War to Vietnam. - Historical Marker Text. Marker erected 1994.
Photos from the Texas Tombstone Project
Willowhole Cemetery Transcription from the Madison County TXGenWeb site
Photos from the Madison County TXGenWeb site
Some Willowhole markers Transcription from the Madison County TXGenWeb site
Willowhole Cemetery Graves from findagrave