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Sarah Dazley - Murder
The development of forensic science in the 19th century
A case study for Key Stage 3, Britain 1750 - 1900 and GCSE History
This case study outlines the case of Sarah Dazley, a young widow, who at the age of 28, was tried and found guilty of the murder of her 2nd husband, William Dazley.
The case is interesting in many ways:
- Forensic Evidence was used to make the case against Sarah - this was an early use of forensic science to determine the cause of death.
- Heresay gossip from villagers counted against her.
- Sarah Dazley was the last woman to be publicly hanged at Bedford Gaol.
In this section you will find background information and activites relating to the case of Sarah Dazley, the detection of crime and the treatment of those accused of murder in the 19th century.
The KS 3 & 4 activities are aimed at students but provide a wealth of additional information and insight to the life of a young woman during the 19th century.
A case study for Key Stage 3, Britain 1750 - 1900 and GCSE History. The materials can also be used for general interest.
This section has reports and documents relating to the life of Sarah Dazely that can be used for research or for completing the activities provided with this case study.


Allowing parallel iOS UI tests runs in CI
If you have your CI machine set up to run multiple jobs in parallel you might have encountered a problem. You cannot run multiple iOS UI tests in the same simulator at the same time. They will fail.
The problem
Imagine this scenario. You have one CI machine that allows two or more jobs to run in parallel. You have a UI tests job set up. Two of your developers push changes to their branches at (almost) the same time. The CI machine then tries to run two UI tests at the same time in the same simulator and at least one of them fails and has to be retried.
You can of course solve this problem by not allowing parallel jobs on the CI machine, but that slows down the CI process. There is a better way.
The solution
You can create a brand new iOS simulator instance for every job, run the UI tests in this new simulator instance and then delete it when you are done. This way no matter how many iOS UI tests jobs you run in parallel they will all use a separate iOS simulator instance and not affect each other.
Creating a new iOS simulator instance
The first step is to choose a unique simulator name for each job. You can generate some random guid for example. In Gitlab CI I just use the ID of the Gitlab CI job that is stored in the ${CI_PIPELINE_ID} environment variable
First you need to create the new iOS simulator instance at the start of the CI job
xcrun simctl create ${CI_PIPELINE_ID} 'xcrun simctl list runtimes | grep iOS | awk '{print $NF}''
This command creates a new iOS simulator instance with the given name using the iPhone 11 device and the latest simulator runtime. Using the latest simulator runtime makes sure that when you update Xcode on the CI machine you do not have to do any changes to you CI scripts.
Using the new iOS simulator instance
Now that you have a new iOS simulator instance created you can use it to run your iOS UI tests. You can simply pass the name to the xcodebuild command if you use it directly or use it instead of the device type when using Fastlane
[Read More]
CI Xcode iOS
Reading environment variables from iOS and macOS unit tests
In some environments like the CI/CD you might need to read environments variables from your iOS or macOS unit tests.
A typical example might be reading secrets or configuration that is CI/CD specific and you do not want to store it in source control.
In Swift you can read environment variables using the ProcessInfo.processInfo.environment dictionary, for example
let host = ProcessInfo.processInfo.environment["apiHost"]?? "default fallback host"
The problem is this code does not just work, there is one other step you need to do first.
You need to edit your Test scheme and add every environment variable you want to read to the Environment Variables section.
You can rename the variables but for simplicity and readability you should probably keep the same names.
Swift Xcode
Graying out images in Cocoa
I have been working on a macOS application recently where I encountered an interesting task to grey out flags for countries that are disabled.
I first tried overlaying a semi-transparent gray view (fun fact, you cannot directly set a background for a view in Cocoa, you need to use the layer) over the flag image but it did not look very good.
Luckily there is a way to convert a NSImage to grayscale directly in Cocoa.
You first need to create a bitmap representation your NSImage
let bitmap = NSBitmapImageRep(cgImage: cgImage)
convert it to grayscale
let grayscale = bitmap.converting(to:.genericGray, renderingIntent:.default)
and then construct an NSImage from the result.
let grayImage = NSImage(size: grayscale.size)
Putting it all together as an NSImage extension might look like this
[Read More]
Swift Xcode Cocoa
Web scraping with Swift
In a few projects in the past I needed to do web scraping to get some data from websites that did not offer access via an API. I was using C# at the time and scraping web with Html Agility Pack was quite easy.
I now spend most of my time in macOS because of work projects so when I needed to do some web scraping again I did not want to install and set up Mono to do it again in C#. I decided to go with Swift, as I am now quite comfortable with the language after 4 years of using it daily.
The first thing I need to do was to found some library to parse HTML, some Swift equivalent to Html Agility Pack. I found SwiftSoup.
SwiftSoup allows you to access DOM in HTML documents and also HTML fragments. The usage is quite simple, you just need to know a thing or two about HTML.
Let's say you want to parse the Hacker News main page and scrap posts containing some specific keywords.
This is quite an artificial example but the idea is simple. You use the developer tools in your browser of choice to see the HTML of the parts of a website that you are interested in and try to get to them descending and filtering the DOM using SwiftSoup.
You first need to read the website and parse it
let content = try String(contentsOf: URL(string: "")!)
let doc: Document = try SwiftSoup.parse(content)
Looking at the HTML you can see it uses a table layout and all the posts are in a rows of a table with a class called itemlist.
[Read More]
Swift Xcode
Generating boilerplate Swift code with GYB
How many times how you copied and pasted some code in your current codebase because there was no good way to abstract it? Maybe because it was some repeating code required by a framework or mapping of some data transfer structures.
Writing such boilerplate code is an error-prone waste of time, especially when there is a much better way: generating that code.
There are a few tools to help you do that, one of the most flexible of them being GYB.
What is GYB?
GYB is a lightweight templating system that allows you to use Python to generate text files. Those text files can be Swift source code files or anything else you need.
GYB is used in the Swift standard library codebase so it works well for generating Swift source code and it is a proven technology that works.
You can download GYB to your project from the Swift repository on Github
chmod +x gyb
I put it directly to the project directory and include it in the source control for simpler build and CI/CD setup.
Creating GYB templates
GYB templates for generating Swift source file look like Swift source files with some Python snippets for code generation.
This is probably best shown on an actual example. Let's say you have a list of permissions that the app needs to support. Those permissions are then a part of a protocol and of a few structs.
[Read More]
iOS Xcode


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Disputing PharmCAS GPA Calculations
Disputing Your GPA Calculations
 1. Note that:
 - PharmCAS GPAs are not the same as the GPAs found on your transcripts.
 2. Review Calculating Your PharmCAS GPAs.
 3. Identify the area you believe is causing the incorrect calculation (e.g., Post-Baccalaureate Science GPA) and calculate the GPA yourself using the GPA calculator
 - Indicate the problematic area.
 - Provide your calculations.
PharmCAS does not accept GPA review requests by phone.
 - Was this article helpful?


About the COAD
What does the Elkhart County COAD do?
The Elkhart County COAD convenes and coordinates a collaborative disaster response network of private, public, and nonprofit individuals and organizations to respond to disasters.
Why should we join the Elkhart County COAD?
In times of disaster you will get up to date information about resources and response and the opportunity to attend regular disaster forums, trainings, and information sessions.
What do member organizations have to do?
Member organizations and individuals are asked to 1) attend regular meetings and trainings, 2) share updates about their work to facilitate collaboration, and 3) help communicate critical information and resources back to affected communities.
Who are the ECCOAD members?
Over 30 organizations and individuals are part of our COAD including the Community Foundation of Elkhart County, City of Elkhart, local faith institutions and businesses.
What is the value of a COAD?
Communities that bring resources together through a COAD can increase the effectiveness of their response to the needs of disaster survivors, and reduce the social and economic impact of the disaster.
Who runs the Elkhart County COAD?
The COAD is governed by an executive committee and chair. The COAD fiscal agent is the Crossroads United Way and it was jointly founded by the Community Foundation of Elkhart County and the Crossroads United Way.
Does the Elkhart County COAD have funding to distribute?
No, but the COAD can hold and distribute funds during an emergency
Does the Elkhart County COAD only convene member organizations during emergencies and disasters?
It would be very difficult for coordination to occur if there was no regular communication between COAD and member organizations. Meetings and communication occur regularly enough to maintain channels and updates during non-emergency periods. During emergencies and disasters, meetings are scheduled as needed and taskforces meet even more regularly to help coordinate resources.
Does the Elkhart County COAD have control over the member organizations?
No, the COAD serves, supports, and coordinates member organizations in disaster response and recovery. Participation is voluntary.
Does the Elkhart County COAD perform public outreach?
The COAD's role is to support members. We work through our members to coordinate messaging but COAD will do direct public outreach if it is requested from our member organizations.


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Russia: Over 3 years, insurance companies paid almost 7 billion rubles to farmers in 50 regions for crop loss alone
Dried Common Pea
Innovation & Technology
Canola Seed & Rapeseed
Published Dec 6, 2023
The agricultural insurance system in Russia has compensated farmers for the loss of agricultural crops totaling almost 7.0 billion rubles in less than three years. The highest volume of insurance compensation was received by farmers in the Stavropol Territory, Samara Region, and regions in the Central Black Earth Region. Winter wheat, sunflower for grain, and corn for grain were the most compensated crops, with payments totaling billions of rubles.
Disclaimer: The above summary was generated by a state-of-the-art LLM model and is intended for informational purposes only. It is recommended that readers refer to the original article for more context.
"Agricultural insurers compensated losses to farmers from the loss of crops of 33 types of crops; in total, payments were made by 14 insurance companies," noted NIA President Korney Bizhdov. – In the structure of payments, the largest part falls on winter wheat - its loss is compensated in the amount of 2.25 billion rubles. The second most unprofitable crop is sunflower for grain; its loss was compensated to farmers in the amount of 1.8 billion rubles; in third position is corn for grain, 996 million rubles were paid. Losses of spring wheat were compensated by agricultural insurers in the amount of 309 million rubles, spring barley - 290 million rubles, peas - 217 million rubles, fodder beets - 175 million rubles, flax - 157 million rubles, soybeans - 149 million rubles, sugar beets - 124 million rubles. This payment structure is determined primarily by the preferences of farmers for insuring certain crops and the peculiarities of the implementation of agroclimatic risks - these ...

source: m-a-p/FineFineWeb


Average Weather Data for Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
Monthly Averages
January February March April May June July August September October November December
Average Monthly high in °F: 40° 44° 53° 64° 74° 83° 87° 85° 78° 67° 56° 45°
Average Monthly low in °F: 26° 28° 34° 44° 54° 64° 69° 68° 60° 48° 39° 30°
Yearly Averages
What's The Average High Temp in Philadelphia? 64.7 °F
What's the Average Low in Philadelphia? 47 °F
What's the Average Temperature in Philadelphia? 55.85 °F
How Many Inches of Rain per year does Philadelphia get? 41.45 inches
How Many Rainy Days a year are there in Philadelphia? N/A
How Much Sunshine each year is there in Philadelphia (in hours)? N/A
How much, if any, snow falls each year in Philadelphia? 23 inches
Philadelphia Temperature and Rain Graphs
Average high in °F
Average low in °F
Average precipitation in inches


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August 20, 2012
- coddle (verb)
- What does it mean?
- : to treat with extreme care : pamper
- How do you use it?
- "Big Ma was not one for coddling any of us, but now she turned from the stove and, wiping her hands on her long white apron, sat down on the bench and put her arm around Little Man." (Mildred D. Taylor, _Roll of Thunder, Hear My Cry_)
- Are you a word wiz?
The "pamper" sense of "coddle" comes from an earlier meaning that had to do with a special kind of careful treatment given to something delicate. What do you think was treated so carefully?We're not going to coddle you, just tell you that A is the right answer. When "coddle" first came to be part of the English language around 1600, the word meant to cook something slowly and gently in water that is just below the boiling point. Usually eggs are what's being cooked when "coddle" is used in this sense today, but when "coddle" was first being used, other foods, especially fruit, were also cooked by coddling. Because coddling is a very gentle way to cook something, such gentle treatment led to the extended meaning of "to treat with extreme care, pamper."

source: HuggingFaceFW/fineweb-edu


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Change your localized address for Rapida payments
Your localized address is the address associated with your Rapida payments. Follow these instructions if you want to change your localized Rapida address:
- Sign in to your AdSense account at _URL_
- In the left navigation panel, click Payments.
- Click Add payment method.
- Set the radio button to "Rapida settings".
- Click Continue.
- Next, enter your address details and on the last line enter the Rapida form number.
Enter your name and address in Russian characters. Be aware that in the Rapida system, the characters ";" and "/" are not allowed. Use words instead of these characters. The address in Russian must correspond with the Latin variant of the address, otherwise a failure may occur when a payment is made.
Below is an example of correctly completed fields:
First Name: Андрей
Last name: Бобров
Address: 1 Ул. Ленина 15-5
Address (use if address does not fit on the first line)
Rapida template ID: _PHONE_
- Confirm that you have the official documents (for example, passport) and supporting information indicated in the form shown above.
Make sure that the first name and last name in the account correspond precisely with the information in the state-approved proof of identity that you will present when collecting your payment through the Rapida system.
- Click Save changes.
Please note the following: if you set up your payments through the Rapida system after the 15th of the current month, we cannot guarantee the use of this payment method in the upcoming payment cycle. For example, to guarantee that you received your March payment through the Rapida system, you'd need to carry out the steps listed above before April 15.

source: openbmb/Ultra-FineWeb


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- Is Tsunade more powerful than Jiraiya?
- Who is the weakest Hokage?
- Can jiraiya beat Itachi?
- Can jiraiya beat Kakashi?
- Who is Naruto's brother?
- Is jiraiya stronger than Orochimaru?
- Who is the weakest Akatsuki?
- Who is the strongest out of the 3 sannin?
- Who can defeat Jiraiya?
- Who is the strongest of the sannin?
- Who is stronger than Jiraiya?
- Who is the strongest Uchiha?
- Why is Itachi afraid of Jiraiya?
- Can Minato beat Itachi?
- Did jiraiya know about Itachi?
Is Tsunade more powerful than Jiraiya?
Conclusion based on strength alone Tsunade is strong but by skill,lesser weak points and effectiveness Jiraiya would be stronger.
It's important to note that through out most of there lives Jiraiya is the strongest Sannin, while he started as the weakest he becomes the strongest in there 20's/30's..
Who is the weakest Hokage?
Kakashi Hatake1 WEAKEST: Kakashi Hatake Kakashi Hatake was the Sixth Hokage of Konohagakure right until Naruto Uzumaki took over.
Can jiraiya beat Itachi?
2 WEAKER THAN ITACHI: Jiraiya The third and the last member of the Legendary Sannin, Jiraiya was an exceptionally competent shinobi. In his lifetime, he had trained people like Nagato, Minato, and even Naruto, all of which went on to become just as strong. Despite that, Jiraiya was, undoubtedly, weaker than Itachi.
Can jiraiya beat Kakashi?
18 Jiraiya Jiraiya is the toad sage and shows consistent ability throughout the series. His fight with Pain highlighted the totality of his ability. That being said, it is hard to say Jiraiya is definitely stronger. On the one hand, Jiraiya seems to have the durability and ninjutsu to match Kakashi.
Who is Naruto's brother?
Itachi UchihaItachi Uchiha (Japanese: うちは イタチ, Hepburn: Uchiha Itachi) is a fictional character in the Naruto manga and anime series created by Masashi Kishimoto.
Is jiraiya stronger than Orochimaru?
Jiraiya with sage mode was more powerful than Orochimaru. Without sage made, they were on par with each other. Jiraiya was one of the most powerful characters in the manga (kage level) and he lost while trying to figure out the secrets of "Pain". Orochimaru was extremely powerful too, Spoilers.
Who is the weakest Akatsuki?
Here is Every Member Of The Akatsuki, Ranked Weakest To Strongest.1 Madara Uchiha.2 Obito Uchiha/Tobi. … 3 Pain/Nagato. … 4 Orochimaru. … 5 Itachi Uchiha. … 6 Kabuto Yakushi. … 7 Black Zetsu. … 8 Shin Uchiha. … More items…•
Who is the strongest out of the 3 sannin?
JiraiyaOrochimaru and Jiraiya are the strongest. I think they are equal. In my point of view Jiraiya is the strongest, Because he has Sage Mode. with this he take on six path of pain.
Who can defeat Jiraiya?
10 Kabuto. While Kabuto's medical ninjutsu may not have been terribly formidable during his first battle against Jiraiya, Tsunade, and Naruto, he has since come upon such terrifying power that even Itachi and Sasuke were forced to resort to drastic measures to defeat him.
Who is the strongest of the sannin?
The Legendary Sannin were some of the strongest characters in the Naruto series. They included legendary Konoha Shinobi in Jiraiya, Tsunade Senju, and Orochimaru, who were all trained by the Third Hokage himself.
Who is stronger than Jiraiya?
OrochimaruOrochimaru is stronger than Jiraiya… When Itachi was 13, he destroyed Orochimaru in moments. He caught him in a kanashibari no genjutsu before the fight even seriously started, and in the next instant, paralyzed him again, and severed his arm from his body before Orochimaru could react.
Who is the strongest Uchiha?
Sasuke Uchiha1 STRONGEST: Sasuke Uchiha Undoubtedly, the strongest Uchiha of all-time, Sasuke gained the Mangekyo Sharingan after the death of Itachi Uchiha. His eyes granted him the power of Amaterasu and Flame Control. Along with that, Sasuke also gained the ability to use Full-body Susanoo, making him extremely powerful.
Why is Itachi afraid of Jiraiya?
itachi isnt afraid of jiraiya. he fled from jiraiya because using the MS takes up a lot of chakra. he used it on sasuke to mentally torture him, than jiraiya shows up and used the frogs stomach jutsu.
Can Minato beat Itachi?
Minato uses sage mode like Kabuto did to Steve him instead of looking at him, and he can blitz him with his speed which FAR surpasses Itachi.
Did jiraiya know about Itachi?
Jiraiya said Madara being alive was a "hunch," so no. He wasn't that familiar with Itachi. He would have tried to kill him with the Mountain Toad back then either.


Not using the Windows 11 taskbar chat? So you can remove it
Chat in Windows 11
Along with other important news, in Windows 11 the new chat function has been incorporated into the taskbar. Thanks to it, it is possible to access conversations held through Microsoft Teams in a much faster way, so it can be very useful for many users.
However, the truth is that there are also quite a few who do not find this relevant function within the operating system, since many times we use tools such as WhatsApp, Telegram, Signal or Messenger to hold conversations, and Teams is not usually so common. If it is your case, you will probably want to remove the chat icon from your computer's taskbar, and it is something that you will be able to do easily.
Windows 11
Related article:
How to disable the Windows 11 boot sound
How to remove the chat icon from the Windows 11 taskbar step by step
As we mentioned, despite the fact that for all those who use Microsoft Teams in their day-to-day life, the inclusion of the chat in the Windows 11 taskbar can be very useful, if it is not your case, it is most likely that you will it is annoying to see the icon in that location. If this happens to you, say that you just have to follow these steps to remove the chat from the Windows taskbar:
 1. On your PC, enter the application Configuration that you will find in the start menu.
 2. Once inside, on the left side, select the option Customization.
 3. Now, on the right side, search and choose Taskbar among the available options.
 4. Finally, in the section entitled Taskbar items search and uncheck the option Cat, which will appear next to its characteristic icon.
Remove chat from Windows 11 taskbar
Once deactivated, you can see how the chat icon disappears from the Windows 11 taskbar. Similarly, if you want to have a conversation through Microsoft Teams, all you have to do is download and install your desktop application, with which you can access all the functions.
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text:
Science Fair Project Encyclopedia
Parabolic figure skating blades
Parabolic figure skating blades were first introduced by HD Sports in order to employ new scientific developments in the creation of figure skating blades, which are mounted on the bottoms of skates.
The middle section of parabolic blades is thinner than that of normal blades, while both ends are typically wider than those of regular blades. This translates into less steel and a lighter blade overall.
The contents of this article is licensed from _URL_ under the GNU Free Documentation License. Click here to see the transparent copy and copyright details


How the Autism Success Formula can help you
How it can help you?
Our Coaching for Independent Achievement and Opportunities (CIAO) package focuses on a potential employees strengths but will also demonstrate for Line Managers and work colleagues how to cope and manage their struggles not only in their workplace but also in social life at work.
A happy workforce is a well motivated workforce so social life is a key area in developing a young person into a thriving young member of society. They key to all of this is sustainability and profitability, making sure the changes that are put into place last and succeed.


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ROCKFORD — The Natural Land Institute recently was awarded two grants to support youth employment and stewardship on Silver Creek, Kyte River, Nygren Wetland and Milan Bottoms preserves, according to a news release sent June 13.
A $46,800 grant by the Illinois Department of Natural Resources provides funding for the Natural Land Institute to hire 14 local youth between the ages of 16 and 18 and two supervisors ages 19 or older through the IDNR's Illinois Youth Recreation Corps Program. The youth participants will learn about land management, restoration ecology and botany during their eight-week job.
A $30,000 grant was awarded by the Illinois Clean Energy Foundation to help fund stewardship, equipment needs, invasive species removal and volunteer activities support.
For information: naturalland.org.


your own, you can easily do it with the help of a few tips and guidelines.
All you need are some essential tools, supplies, and a whole lot of patience.
Take a look at this short, useful guide on how to install a urinal on your own without any problem or inconvenience.
Step 1: Gather Essential Tools
First things first, you need to gather all the supplies that are required to hang or mount a urinal on a wall.
Some of the basic tools and accessories that you will need include:
 - Tape measure
 - Electric drill
 - Clean rag
 - PVC cement
 - Tape
 - Pencil
 - Level
 - Plywood
 - Drill bits
 - Drywall saw
 - Carpenter's level
Step 2: Fit the Mounting Board for Support
Once you have all the tools well in place, the next step is to fit a mounting board to the wall in order to provide support to the urinal.
For this, take a piece of weather-treated plywood and then adequately secure it on the wall studs with the help of some nails.
Step 3: Add a Water Line
At this point, you need to determine where the water supply will be located so that you can add the water line.
You can use a stencil here to mark the exact locations at a height of 24 inches. Drill pilot holes with the help of a drill machine.
The holes will be drilled where you'll be mounting the hanger screws.
Then, use the drywall saw to remove the required drywall in order to attach the wastewater line along with the water supply line in the marked location.
Place the pipes in the correct position in a way that they attach to the front of the faucet.
Try to make sure that you add a shut-off valve before placing the pipe in its desired position.
This will make it easy for you to turn off the water supply whenever you want.
Step 4: Attach the Urinal Wall Hangers
Urinal Wall Hangers
With the help of the supplied screws and nails, you should now mount the urinal wall hangers in their respective positions.
Use a carpenter's level to make sure that the hangers are mounted correctly at the same level.
You can adjust them as per your requirements.
Also, another important thing to do is to screw the wall hangers not only to the wall but also to the supporting wooden mounting board that you attached earlier in step 2.
Step 5: Install a Drain in the Urinal
Before hanging the urinal on the wall, fit the drain first into the urinal.
Add a layer of caulk to the ring of metal present at the bottom of the urinal by placing a strainer into the hole.
Press it down further till it is sealed tightly.
Additionally, add a combination of rubber and metal washers on the other side of the urinal, underneath the strainer, and secure it further with the help of a nut or two.
Step 6: Install Waste Outlet
With the help of PVC cement, connect the waste outlet to the waste pipe that you installed earlier.
Make sure that the outlet connection is exactly where it should be to prevent any problems later.
Step 7: Hang the Urinal
This is the final step for how to install a urinal. Carefully lift it and hold it above the wall hangers and align the position of the urinal according to that of the waste outlet.
Attach it in a way that the waste opening is located behind the urinal.
Place it well into the hangers and tighten the screws just enough to hold the urinal firmly against the wall.
Over-tightening will simply crack the porcelain surface of the urinal, so don't tighten the attachment screws too much.
How High Should a Urinal Be Mounted?
Man Installing A Urinal
For standard home use, installing a wall-mounted urinal should be done at a height of 24 inches, which is the average height for mounting a wall urinal.
The said 24 inches are basically measured from the floor all the way up to the rim of the urinal.
Although this is the standard height for a wall-urinal, it can still vary depending on where you live because different residential communities tend to have specific regulations and rules when it comes to urinals.
It is best to check the local codes of your building when installing a urinal in your bathroom or toilet.
Do Urinals Have Built-In Traps?
Yes, some models and types of urinals do come with built-in traps that play a very important role in the entire process.
For instance, a standard urinal has a pipe known as a "P-trap" where all the water is flushed into it by the urinal.
This P-trap is designed in a way that it forms a water seal to prevent the escape of sewer gases into the atmosphere.
Also, most water-free or waterless urinals feature a built-in 'EcoTrap,' which serves two main purposes.
Firstly, it allows a smooth, uninterrupted flow of urine to the bottom of the urinal until it reaches plumbing sewer connections.
Secondly, it also prevents the escape of sewer odors and stops them from affecting the indoor air quality of the restroom.
Are Urinals Hygienic?
Man Cleaning Urinals
The thing with urinals is that you must use them properly if you wish to ensure their good hygiene and cleanliness.
Additionally, you need to follow a proper cleaning routine if you have urinals in your home.
Try to make sure that the faucets, pipes, and other fittings are cleaned daily and sanitized regularly.
Additionally, you can also place disposable urinal mats on the floor in order to help dispel unpleasant odor from the air and keep it fresh.
However, on the other hand, waterless or water-free urinals that we discussed earlier are considered to be completely hygienic since they don't make use of any water.
No water means that the surface of these urinals is always dry and barely ever damp, which greatly prevents the growth of bacteria and mold. This ensures great hygiene and cleanliness at all times.
Final Word
Now that you've learned how to install a urinal, you can easily make the switch from traditional toilets to modern, waterless urinals that not only prevent water wastage, but also save a lot of your time, money, and efforts at the same time.
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Affliction – Health, Disease, Poverty - Fordham Scholarship Online
Affliction: Health, Disease, Poverty
Veena Das
This book inaugurates a novel way of understanding the trajectories of health and disease in the context of poverty. Focusing on low-income neighborhoods in Delhi, it stitches together three different sets of issues. First, it examines the different trajectories of illness: What are the circumstances under which illness is absorbed within the normal and when does it exceed the normal. A second set of issues involves how different healers understand their own practices. The book asks: What is expert knowledge? What is it that the health practitioner knows and what does the patient know? How are... More
Keywords: poverty, health trajectories, disease trajectories, Delhi, illness, patient, surveillance, health practitioner, expert knowledge, disease prevalence
Bibliographic Information
Print publication date: 2015 Print ISBN-13: 9780823261802
Published to Fordham Scholarship Online: September 2015 DOI:10.5422/fordham/9780823261802._PHONE_
Affiliations are at time of print publication.
Veena Das, author
Johns Hopkins University


text:
Par Legal Terminologyadmin
Traditional meaning of par in English (with legal use of this Latin concept in England and the United States in the nineteenth century) : (in Latin) idem. Pares: Peers. The free owners of a neighborhood. Pares curiae: tenants of a manor house who are present on the farm; see Book 2 ("The Rights of Things"), Blackstone's Commentaries on the Laws of England 54. the place. Pares regni: Peers of the Reiches. in commercial law. » Equal; Equality. The equality between the nominal or nominal value of a bill of exchange, share of shares, etc. and its actual sale value. Thus, if the values are equal, the instrument or action is called "au par"; If it can be sold at a price above its face value, it is "above face value", if it is "below face value", it is "below face value". tt Edward v.
Fisch, 156 N. Y. 363, 50 N. E. 973; Evans v. Tillman, 38 pp. C. 238, 17 p. E. 49. In commercial law.
The exact equality or equivalence of a particular sum or sum of money in the coin of one country and the same sum or sum of money in the coin of another foreign country in which it is to be exchanged, provided that the currency of that country has the exact weight and purity determined by the currency standard of that country. Geschichte, Rechnungen, 4 30. Murphy v. Kastner, 50 N. J. Gl. 220, 24 Atl. 564; Blue Star S.
S. Co. v. Keyser (D.C.) 81 Fed. 510. The nominal value of the currencies of two countries means the equivalence of a certain amount of the currency of one in the currency of the other, provided that the currency of both has the exact weight and purity determined by their respective currencies. Trade between the two countries should be on an equal footing when invoices are negotiated on this basis; t. if an invoice for 100 euros drawn up in London is sold in Paris for 2,520 Frs., and vice versa. Bowen, Pol. Econ.
284. PARA. It is used to designate a state of equality or equal value. Bills of exchange, shares and the like are equivalent if sold at nominal value; above or below par if sold more or less. Supported by Black's Law Dictionary, Free 2nd ed., and The Law Dictionary. The New York State Society of Certified Public Accountants provides the following definition of peer in a way that is easy for everyone to understand: equal to the face or face value of a security. In commercial law. Equal; Equality.
The equality between the nominal or nominal value of a bill of exchange, share of shares, etc. and its actual sale value. Thus, if the values are equal, the instrument or action is called "au par"; If it can be sold at a price above its face value, it is "above face value", if it is "below face value", it is "below face value". Fort Edward v. Fisch, 156 N. vol. 363, 50 N. E. 973; Evans v. Tillman, 38 pp. C. 238, 17 p.
E. 49. n. 1). (2) the par value of a share or bond printed on the certificate, i.e. the amount paid by the original purchaser to the issuing company. However, most common shares are issued at "par value" and the value reflects the current stock market. Preferred shares indicate a par value on the basis of which dividends are calculated, and the par value of bonds determines the final amount of payment at maturity, usually many years into the future.
(See: shares, common shares, preferred shares) The term even refers to an equality that exists between the nominal or nominal value of a document – such as a bill of exchange or a share – and its actual sales value. If the values are equal, the proportion is called by; If it can be sold at a price higher than its face value, it is higher than its face value; If it sells for less than its face value, it is lower than its face value. Alternative definitions of para: (1) average, equal, normal, etc. (2) nominal value, as for negotiable instruments. (ex par-tay, but popularly ex part) Latin adj. means "for a party" and refers to petitions, hearings or orders made at the request and for the benefit of a single party. This is an exception to the fundamental rule of judicial proceedings that both parties must be present at every hearing before a judge, and to the otherwise strict rule that a lawyer may not notify a judge without first notifying the objection. Ex parte cases are usually injunctions (such as an injunction or pre-trial detention) awaiting a formal hearing or an urgent request for an extension. Most jurisdictions require at least a cautious attempt to contact the other party's lawyer about the date and location of an ex parte hearing.


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Average Sunshine in Alberta for February
The tables below give February averages for the number of sunny days and hours of sunshine at cities and towns in Alberta.
Each place has three measures of sunshine. The number for % Sun is the usual percentage of daylight hours with bright sunshine. Hours gives the total hours of bright sunshine that's normal this month. Days statistics are for the typical number of days in February with any amount of measurable sunshine. All the data are averages for the years 1971 to 2000.
Environment Canada. National Climate Data and Information Archive. Canadian Climate Normals or Averages _PHONE_.


text:
This paper examines the current educational discourse on work and learning and explores conceptualisations of work-connected learning; in particular, work-based, work-related and workplace learning. It is argued that varying definitions of work-associated learning has led to conceptual confusion in the literature. Through a conceptual analysis of the three terms, current usage is problematized. The term work learning is introduced in the paper as an overarching term that refers to any and all of these three forms of learning. Indeed, it is proposed as an umbrella term for any learning that is connected with some form of work in order to aid discussion. Within this remit, many learning forms can be identified; however, it is argued that there is a need for clarification as current conceptualisations are often conflicting.
|Journal||Work Based Learning e-Journal International|
|Early online date||1 Dec 2015|
|Publication status||E-pub ahead of print - 1 Dec 2015|
- Typology of learning
- conceptual analysis
- work learning
- educational discourse.


text:
Simplified Internal arc - Structural simulation
Paper i proceeding, 2011
The impact of pressure rise due to an internal arc (IA) event on the structure of a switchgear cubicle is of great importance for a safe design. Switchgear panels are designed for withstanding an internal arc incident as per the testing conditions defined by IEC 62271-200 standard. This paper reports on a calculation procedure employing computational fluid dynamics (CFD) and structural finite element method (S-FEM). The approach is targeting a reduced numerical complexity, straight forward modelling, and stressing as little assumptions as possible. In the proposed method, time varying electric power is used as input along with other parameters for solving mass, momentum and energy equations by CFD. The peak pressure and rise time delivered by transient CFD simulation is needed to perform structural simulation. The structural calculation is performed using dynamic load factor.


Fuck a duck
Contents: Meaning | Origin | Spread
What does Fuck a duck mean?
Fuck a duck is a common cuss phrase which conveys anger, disappointment or even in some instances surprise.
The term implies a sense of frustration when something minor goes wrong.
Given this information, "Fuck a duck" is mainly used jokingly, to express dissatisfaction with a certain situation and/or person.
🔥 Other popular slang words 🔥
What's the origin of Fuck a duck?
The first appearance in print of this term was in Henry Miller's novel, the Tropic of Cancer. It inspired entire phrases, such as 'Fuck a duck and give it a buck' or 'Fuck a duck and see what hatches'.
You might even hear the phrase 'I'll fuck a dead duck' which expresses the full extent of the surprise.
Linguistic experts believe that the phrase came from the word duckfucker, the person on board who was taking care of domestic animals.
This phrase entered America, and the world of stoner slangs and, it's now used for annoying idiots.
Spread and Usage
How did Fuck a duck spread?
We couldn't tell exactly where the term came from, or when did it get popular.
But we can be sure that it became well liked, probably because people from a very young age learn to rhyme to associate things with other things more easily.
But these days "Fuck a duck" got more and more popular on different platforms, such as Reddit, Youtube or Urban Dictionary, where the first definition was written in 2004.
External References
Search Interest
Published: 07/31/2020 by | Last updated: 07/31/2020 | 697 views | Report error
What do you think? Any additions friend?


text:
Is it possible to set the inertia tensor used for a rigid body control?
I have understood thus far that it is possible to set the mass and principal moments of inertia for a rigid body through function calls to jbullet itself through the following functions:
final javax.vecmath.Vector3f principalInertia = new javax.vecmath.Vector3f(inertia.toArray(null)); rbc.getObjectId().setMassProps(mass_kg, principalInertia);
or to set the principal inertias more directly:
final javax.vecmath.Vector3f principalInertia = new javax.vecmath.Vector3f(inertia.toArray(null)); setInvInertiaDiagLocal(Vector3f diagInvInertia);
However, I have not been able to find any way to set the off diagonal terms of the inertia tensor, namely through specifying the principal axes. At the very least, I expected it to be pretty straightforward something as basic as the entire inertia matrix for an rbc to exist, but i have not been able to find anything. At first i considered that jbullet might limit itself to have all rigid bodies require principal axes that align with the reference frame unit vectors( which would be severely limiting, but i considered it nonetheless) but I could clearly see that it was possible to get the inertia tensor as a whole(but not set it?) that the off diagonal terms were not zero. Namely this was observed with the function:
javax.vecmath.Matrix3f inertiaTensor = new javax.vecmath.Matrix3f(); rbc.getObjectId().getInvInertiaTensorWorld(inertiaTensor);
Since the off diagonal terms were clearly non-zero, then the principal axes are clearly not aligned with the rbc reference frame. So the question remains, how can either the principal axes or the entire inertia tensor as a whole be set?


text:
konstelasyon, pote, zetwal, galaksi
but that W-shaped CONSTELLATION
Meaning and definitions of constellation, translation in Haitian
language for constellation with similar and opposite words. Also find spoken pronunciation of constellation in Haitian and in English language.
What constellation means in Haitian, constellation meaning
in Haitian, constellation
definition, examples and pronunciation
of constellation in Haitian language.


text:
This paper presents an optimal control strategy for a hydropower plant retrofitted with a hydrokineticpowered
cascaded pumpback system in dry season. Pumpback operation aims at recycling a part of the
down-stream discharge back to the main dam to maintain a high water level to optimise the energy value
of the available water. The problem is formulated as a multi-objective optimisation problem to simultaneously
minimise the grid pumping energy demand, minimise the wear and tear associated with the
switching frequency of the pumps, maximise the restoration of the volume of the dam through pumpback
operation and maximise the use of on-site generated hydrokinetic power for pumping operation.
The performance of the proposed cascaded model is compared with the classical single pump pumped
storage model. Simulation results based on a practical case study shows that the cascaded pumpback
model can reduce the pumping energy demand by up to 48.18% and increase the energy yield of the
resultant system by up to 47.10% in dry season.


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Rural property numbering
Rural properties are identified using a standard numbering system called RAPID - Rural Address Property Identification. The major benefit of RAPID numbering is that it saves time locating properties and occupants - especially for emergency services (ambulance, fire service, police).
How RAPID works
Properties are given a unique number based on their distance along a road from its start point or intersection with another road.
The number given to a property is calculated by multiplying the number of kilometres that property is from the start point of the road by 100.
Numbers of the right side of the road are even, those on the left side are odd.
Ongoing maintenance
Ongoing maintenance and replacement of the numbers are your responsibility. You should also control roadside vegetation so that the number remains clearly visible to passing vehicles.
If you have any questions about maintenance or position of RAPID numbers please contact us via email.
If you are subdividing, a new RAPID number will only be required for any new entrance ways created and will only be issued upon request. The existing entrance way will retain the current RAPID number and new numbers will be allocated to any new lots utilising the existing entrance way. This is because the RAPID number is based on a measured distance along a road.
Apply for or replace a RAPID number
Numbers are allocated on request where a formed entrance exists, and are usually triggered by a building consent application. Alternatively you may apply for or request a replacement RAPID number by completing the online application form.
Place your RAPID plate close to your driveway, on a letterbox, gatepost or fence facing the road.
It's not possible to change the number on request, as it reflects the distance along the road. We cannot change the number without compromising the integrity of the numbering system.
Properties on a state highway
State highway roads in the Hastings District may also have a local name for a portion of the road e.g. Korokipo Rd, Links Rd etc. The numbering works the same way and retains continuity along the entire section of the state highway within the district.
Can my stockyard or packing shed have a RAPID number?
Yes. Council is able to provide a RAPID number to any property as long as it has a formed entrance.
Hastings District Council - Copyright © 2021 Hastings District Council
Disclaimers and Copyright
© Hastings District Council - / +64 6 _PHONE_ /


text:
Some quick facts about Tirupati Laddu
- Around 150,000 laddus are made daily.
- One laddu is given free to each devotee; the number of daily devotees that visit the temple is around 50,000.
- A devotee can buy extra two laddus – a small laddu costs 25 rupees and big laddu costs 100 rupees.
- The revenue from the sale of laddu annually is more than 11 million rupees.
- Each laddu weighs around 100gms and is huge when compared with the normal laddu found in shops.
- There is a super huge Tirupati Laddu known as Kalyana Laddu and it weighs around 500gms – ½ a kilogram.
- Single largest laddu made is said to have weighed 32 kg.
- The tradition of Tirupati Laddu is nearly 300 years old.
- It is prepared by special hereditary priests known as archakas in special temple kitchen known as 'potu'.
- Ingredients used in Tirupati Laddu are Besan flour (kadalai mavu), Sugar, Cashew nuts, Cardamom, Ghee, Oil, Sugar candy, Raisins and Almonds.
On a day around 5000 kg of Besan flour is used.
Sugar around 10000 kg.
Cashew nuts around 600 kg.
Cardamom 150 kg
Ghee 300 liters
Sugar candy 400 kg
Raisins 540 kg
- The ingredients are bought at the auction at the Commodities and Spices Exchange in
Tirumala Tirupati Devasthanams (TTDs) the administrating body of the temple is planning to patent the Tirupati Laddu to stop counterfeits.


What is Normal Oil Temperature
Author:
Published:
Updated:
The normal oil temperature for a car is typically between 195 and 220 degrees Fahrenheit. If the oil temperature gets too high, it can start to break down and cause engine damage.
Normal oil temperature varies depending on the make and model of your car. However, most mechanics agree that normal operating temperature for most cars is between 195 and 220 degrees Fahrenheit. If your car's oil temperature exceeds this range, it is considered overheated and you should take steps to cool it down.
What Should My Oil Temp Gauge Read?
Most people believe that their oil temperature should read between 160-180 degrees F when they are driving. However, this is not always the case. Depending on the type of vehicle you have, your oil temp gauge may read differently.
For example, if you have a newer car with a synthetic oil, your oil temp gauge may read higher than 160-180 degrees F. This is because synthetic oils have a higher boiling point and can withstand higher temperatures before breaking down.
What is the Average Oil Temperature?
The average oil temperature is typically between 180-200 degrees Fahrenheit. However, this can vary depending on the specific oil being used and the operating conditions of the engine. It is important to check your owner's manual or consult with a professional to determine the ideal oil temperature for your particular engine.
What Is A Safe Engine Oil Temperature?
What is Normal Engine Oil Temperature in Celsius
Assuming you would like a blog post discussing what is considered a normal engine oil temperature: Most engines are designed to operate within a specific temperature range, and your engine oil plays a key role in maintaining these temperatures. While the ideal operating temperature for your engine will vary depending on the make and model, most fall within a range of 190-220 degrees Fahrenheit (88-104 degrees Celsius).
During colder weather, it's not uncommon for your engine oil to struggle to reach its ideal operating temperature. This is due to the fact that thicker oils are more viscous and take longer to circulate throughout your engine. However, once your oil warms up it should be able to maintain the desired temperature range relatively easily.
If you notice that your engine oil frequently struggles to reach or maintain its ideal operating temperature, it could be an indication of a larger problem. Make sure to have your car checked out by a professional to diagnose any potential issues.
Normal Engine Oil Temperature Fahrenheit
As anyone who's driven a car knows, the engine is the heart of the vehicle. It needs to be well-maintained in order to keep the car running smoothly and efficiently. Part of maintaining your engine includes knowing what the ideal operating temperature is for your specific make and model.
For most engines, the normal operating temperature is between 195-225 degrees Fahrenheit. Of course, this can vary slightly depending on the outside temperature and how hard the engine is working. If you're driving in hot weather or pulling a heavy load, your engine will likely run a little hotter than usual.
Conversely, if it's cold out or you're just puttering around town, your engine will probably run a bit cooler than its ideal temp. It's important to keep an eye on your engine's temperature gauge (usually located on the dashboard) and make sure it stays within the normal range. If it starts to creep into the red zone, that means your engine is overheating and you need to take action immediately!
Pull over to a safe spot, turn off the engine, and call for roadside assistance. Trying to drive with an overheated engine can do serious damage and may even cause it to seize up completely. So there you have it – now you know what normal oil temperatures are for most engines and how to tell if yours is running too hot.
Keep an eye on that gauge and happy motoring!
Normal Oil Temperature Vw
If you own a VW, it's important to know what the normal oil temperature range is for your vehicle. Depending on the model of VW, this can range from about 195-degrees Fahrenheit to 205-degrees Fahrenheit. If you notice that your oil temperature is consistently outside of this range, it's important to have your vehicle checked out by a professional as soon as possible.
Car Oil Temperature 100 Degrees
If your car's oil temperature is 100 degrees, it means that the oil is too hot and needs to be cooled down. This can happen for a number of reasons, such as if the engine is running too hot or if the car has been driven hard for an extended period of time. If you see this warning light on your dashboard, it's important to pull over and let the car cool down before continuing to drive.
Conclusion
Motor oil has a range of temperatures it should operate within, depending on its grade and viscosity. For most passenger vehicles, the normal oil temperature range is between 195 to 220 degrees Fahrenheit. However, synthetic motor oils can withstand higher temperatures than traditional motor oils.
It's important to keep an eye on your vehicle's oil temperature to ensure it's running properly and not overworking the engine.
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Jet Ski
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
 (Redirected from Kawasaki JS300)
Jump to: navigation, search
European Personal Watercraft Championship in Crikvenica
Jet Ski is the brand name of a personal watercraft manufactured by Kawasaki.[1] It was the "first commercially successful" personal watercraft in America, having been released in 1972.[1] The term is sometimes used to refer to any type of personal watercraft.
Common noun[edit]
Though the proper noun "Jet Ski" is a registered trademark of Kawasaki, the common noun "jet ski" refers to small recreational watercraft.[2] The Oxford English Dictionary records the term in use in 1961 to describe the aquatic motorbike, and in 1948 to designate a jet-propelled aircraft equipped with skis.[3]
 1. ^ a b Josephson, Paul R. (2007). Motorized Obsessions: Life, Liberty, and the Small-Bore Engine. JHU Press. p. 150. ISBN 9780801886416. Retrieved 2012-08-24.
 2. ^ "jet ski". Merriam Webster Dictionary. Retrieved 2013-05-04.
 3. ^ "jet ski". Oxford English Dictionary. Retrieved 2013-05-04.
External links[edit]


Skip to definition.
Verb: invert in'vurt
 1. (music) make an inversion (in a musical composition)
 "here the theme is inverted"
 2. Turn around the position, order, relation, or condition of
 "when forming a question, invert the subject and the verb";
 - reverse
 3. Turn inside out or upside down
 - turn back, reverse
Derived forms: inverted, inverts, inverting
Type of: alter, change, modify, reorder
Encyclopedia: Invert


Garrion Bridge
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Jump to: navigation, search
Garrion Bridge
Garrion Bridge is located in North Lanarkshire
Garrion Bridge
Garrion Bridge
 Garrion Bridge shown within North Lanarkshire
OS grid reference NS792510
Council area North Lanarkshire
Lieutenancy area Lanarkshire
Country Scotland
Sovereign state United Kingdom
Post town WISHAW
Postcode district ML2
Dialling code 01698
Police Scottish
Fire Scottish
Ambulance Scottish
EU Parliament Scotland
UK Parliament Motherwell and Wishaw
Scottish Parliament Motherwell and Wishaw
List of places
Coordinates: 55°44′15″N 3°55′22″W / 55.737402°N 3.922871°W / 55.737402; -3.922871
Garrion Bridge is a small hamlet spanning the border between North Lanarkshire and South Lanarkshire, Scotland. It is located on the banks of the Clyde Valley, 18 miles (29 km) south-east of Glasgow. The hamlet is most commonly associated with the nearby town of Wishaw.
The hamlet has grown around a main river crossing of the River Clyde in Lanarkshire. The area spans both sides of the river, with some of the houses actually located in South Lanarkshire. There are more than a dozen houses located around the bridge. There is an independent garden and antique centre, operating in the premises of the recently closed Banana ripery operated by Fyffes.
Transport links[edit]
The area is still dominated by the river crossing, which remains the most important bridge over the Clyde for several miles in either direction. The original bridge, constructed in 1817 and still in use, was supplemented in 2002 by a new bridge slightly upstream, creating for the first time a bi-directional flow of traffic over the river in the form of a roundabout.[1] Prior to this, Garrion Bridge was a notorious traffic bottleneck, with an acute crossroads formed by the junctions of the A71 and A72. As the original (1817) bridge was single lane, the traffic was signal-controlled with only one direction able to cross the bridge at any one time. This led to huge delays, also in part due to the meeting of the A71 from the west and the A72 from the north having a very acute angle with no turning restrictions, which often led to large vehicles becoming stuck. This was rectified by moving the intersection of the northern A72 and western A71 almost 0.5 miles (0.80 km) up the valley side to a new roundabout, and removing the original alignment of the A72. This work was carried out at the same time of the construction of the new bridge in 2001.
There is some public transport in the area, with a regular bus service provided by First Glasgow operating between Larkhall and Glasgow and a more sporadic local authority supported service between Hamilton and Carluke.
 1. ^ [1]
External links[edit]


text:
Map of flight path and driving directions from Dallas to Yuma.
Shortest flight path between Dallas Love Field (DAL) and Yuma International Airport (YUM).
How far is Yuma from Dallas?
There are several ways to calculate distances between Dallas and Yuma. Here are two common methods:Vincenty's formula (applied above)
- 1032.712 miles
- 1661.988 kilometers
- 897.402 nautical miles
Vincenty's formula calculates the distance between latitude/longitude points on the earth's surface, using an ellipsoidal model of the earth.Haversine formula
- 1030.547 miles
- 1658.505 kilometers
- 895.521 nautical miles
The haversine formula calculates the distance between latitude/longitude points assuming a spherical earth (great-circle distance – the shortest distance between two points).
Time difference and current local times
The time difference between Dallas and Yuma is 1 hour. Yuma is 1 hour behind Dallas.
Carbon dioxide emissions
Estimated CO2 emissions per passenger is 153 kg (337 pounds).
Frequent Flyer Miles Calculator
Dallas (DAL) → Yuma (YUM).


text:
CALL Scotland has written a guide to a well-hidden free Text to Speech facility in Microsoft Office 2010. It can speak selected text in Word, Excel, PowerPoint and OneNote.
Anyone who wants to listen to a lot is likely to prefer software with synchronised hi-liting, but this best kept secret would be particularly good for hearing occasional words.
The guide explains how to put a good-sized icon on the Ribbon.
To add a small icon for 'Speak' to the Quick Access Toolbar at the top of the Word screen:
- Click on the tiny icon 'Customise Quick Access Toolbar.
- Choose 'More Commands'.
- In 'Choose Commands from', choose 'All Commands'.
- In the big window called 'Separator', scroll down to find 'Speak' and click on it.
- Click on 'Add' in the middle of the screen to put it in your Quick Access Toolbar contents on the right.
- Click on OK.
Then, in your document, highlight text, click on the 'Speak Selected Text' icon and it will read it aloud.


text:
Asset Distance and Search Radius
For each polygon geofence that covers the asset position or is close to it, the Geofencing Extension API returns the geofence geometry together with the asset's distance to this geometry.
- The asset is outside of the geofence – the distance is the straight line to the closest border of the geofence. This is always the case for line and point geofences.
- The asset is inside the geofence – the distance is the straight line to the closest border of the polygon, with a negative sign.
- The asset is outside of the search radius – the geofence is not listed in the response.
- The asset is inside the polygon but further away from the border of the search radius – a special value indicating "far inside" is returned.
In your application, you can use the asset distance to generate events with different severity levels based on specific distance thresholds. You can also suppress superfluous events if the asset is moving along the geofence border, such as, entering or leaving the geofence frequently without a significant change in the asset distance.
- within the polygon 250m from the closest border
- within the polygon more than 20km from the closest border
- outside the geofence 333m from the closest border
- outside the geofence more than 20km from the closest border (this value applies to all non-listed geofences, when the asset is outside of the search radius)
Events such as entering, leaving, flickering along the border of the geofence, or re-entering the geofence do not receive an explicit response; only the asset distances. The same applies to a sequence of events, such as the asset entering the geofence for the third time or leaving for the second time on the same day.


Adding Push Notification
The Thing-IF SDK uses the push notification for receiving the response from the things. For iOS, Kii Cloud provides the push notification via Apple Push Notification service (APNs). You need to make some APNs-related configuration and prepare your build environment besides configuring Kii Cloud.
See Overview of the Push Technology for iOS for the technical overview of APNs.
Initialization of push notification is not required if your mobile app does not manage end nodes but only the gateway which interacts with Thing Interaction Framework.
By following the description in this page, you will be ready to receive push notifications from Kii Cloud.
Setting up
You need to complete various configurations in order to enable push notification with APNs. Kii recommends you to follow the instructions in the tutorial because such configurations and implementations of push notification are complicated.
First, in order to make push notification functional, follow the steps described in iOS Push Notification Tutorial to set up, implement, and test push notification. Skip the steps that you have already done such as integration of the Kii Cloud SDK into your development project. Choose Swift 2.3 in the tutorial because the Thing-IF SDK supports Swift 2.3 only.
After completing the above steps, go to Modification for Thing-IF.
The tutorial explains how to enable the feature in the development environment. You need to enable it in the production environment in a similar way before you release your mobile app. Also, note that the tutorial does not cover the instruction for integrating the Thing-IF SDK. You need to integrate the Thing-IF SDK to your project for the Thing-IF SDK features.
Modification for Thing-IF
Once you are done with the tutorial, we will remove lines that are unnecessary for mobile apps with the Thing-IF SDK. Replace the lines for device installation that use the Kii Cloud SDK API with those that use the Thing-IF SDK API. This is because the method for device installation is different between the two SDKs.
Remove the call of the KiiPushInstallation.installWithDeviceToken method from the application:didRegisterForRemoteNotificationsWithDeviceToken: method in the AppDelegate class. The code below reflects the removal.
 let username = "user1"
 let password = "123ABC"
 KiiUser.authenticate(username, withPassword: password) { (user: KiiUser?, error: NSError?) -> Void in
 if (error!= nil) {
 print("Failed to authenticate: \(error!.userInfo["description"])")
Leave the sample code as the above for now. We will insert the API call for Thing-IF later. See Installing a device in the Initializing and Onboarding topic for more information.
Also, according to the specification of your mobile app, rewrite the login processing that uses user1 for testing. The sample code in the Initializing and Onboarding topic uses a pseudo user as a thing owner. If you implement a login screen where an explicit owner user logs in, move the above login processing to the processing class of the login screen. Also, update the program structure so that you can use deviceToken that contains the device token from APNs after the owner logs in.
Customizing a push notification
Some of the APIs used in the initialization of push notification are iOS APIs. They do not depend on Kii Cloud.
You can also customize the way that push notification works by using the APNs features such as categories. For implementation, see Initializing APNs in the push notification topic for the Kii Cloud SDK.


text:
In this section
Westport Waterfront The Riverbank project
The Riverbank Project is a $2M project, funded by the Provincial Growth Fund. It is revitalising the current industrial area between the Buller River and the town centre.
It forms part of the Westport master plan and features the Toki bridge. The bridge allows people to safely transition from the main street, over the railway lines to a new riverbank space.
This is the first significant step in Westport turning to face the river, the town's greatest natural asset.
The Toki Poutangata Bridge
The jewel in The Riverbank Project is the Toki Poutangata Bridge. As well as connecting the town centre to the river, it will also provide linkage to the Kawatiri Coastal Trail enabling our community and visitors to enjoy active transport and recreation opportunities in Westport.
A name with a deep meaning
The name chosen for the bridge Toki Poutangata (or Toki for short), describes a ceremonial adze of chiefly authority, and consists of a pounamu blade lashed to an elaborately carved handle. This styling has been carried through into the truss design of the bridge structure, with its distinctive tapered shape and green colour, drawing focus to the Buller River. The concept has support from local iwi Ngāti Waewae. It represents strength, mana, bravery and triumph, all traits and characteristics synonymous with the Buller District.
A local story of craftsmanship and ingenuity
The bridge truss has been fabricated by local manufacturing specialists Rea Engineering, who are only metres down the track from the bridge site.
This has made for a very simple, yet unique transport plan. The entire truss was placed on custom-made rail trolleys and travelled along the tracks from the workshop to the bridge location.
The pounamu-green Toki bridge set new national benchmarks for surface protection. It is the first bridge in New Zealand coated with the next-generation fluoropolymer (polyurethane) paint system, which extends the lifespan of the top-coat colour beyond traditional applications. This minimises the need for periodic touch-ups and re-coats, reducing ongoing maintenance costs. As a result, the Toki bridge will have excellent long-term resistance to paint degradation, looking better for longer.
The Toki bridge was lifted into place, at the November 2021. This was the first full reveal of Westport's new iconic landmark, safely linking the town centre to the Buller River for the first time in over 40 years.
The installation was followed by bridge certification and completion of the western embankment before the new over-rail link was opened for public use.
The official grand opening of the bridge was held in March 2022.
The bridge design in numbers
The Toki bridge, designed by DC Structures Studio, is a tapering truss measuring 5.8m high at the river-facing end, with an overall width of 3.1m, total length of 38m and a span between bearing supports of 29m.
The full lift weight including decking will be 24 tonnes. The ramp on the town side rises in two flights to a height of 5.4m above ground level, with a linear walk length of 77m at 1:12 grade with rest zones every 9m.
The usable walkway width is 2.5m on the bridge and 2.3m on the ramp, with both using 28mm thick Fibre Reinforced Polymer non-slip decking materials and stainless steel countersunk fixings.
With an additional $300k funding secured from central government's Tourism Infrastructure Fund, The Riverbank Project will soon link Westport's town precinct to the Kawatiri Coastal Trail, the floating basin and Kawatiri River Trails.
A new south trail will create a high-quality alternative to the existing Millennium Track from the Kawatiri Coastal Trail carpark into Westport's town precinct via the new Toki Bridge. This will deliver a safe, enjoyable, and easy to follow route for pedestrians and cyclists along The Esplanade and the Buller River, to complete the link to Carters Beach, Tauranga Bay and beyond.
Also included in the project is work on a north connector route from the Toki Bridge pedestrian plaza up to the Floating Basin, Kawatiri River Trails and ultimately North Beach. This route will follow established footpaths and streets through town with new line marking and signage for improved wayfinding and user safety.
Both trails are integral to Westport's master plan and our district revitalisation strategy, to position Buller as an attractive place to live, explore and invest.


Wanda Meaning in English, Wanda Baby Name Origin Gender Meaning Pronunciation
Does Wanda Baby Name seem like an intriguing name for your baby? Learn Wanda Name Meaning in English, its origin and which gender Wanda Baby Name is most suitable for. Check through our list of names that are related to the name Wanda, names similar to Wanda and sibling names of Wanda. Also, read through a detailed numerology report for the name Wanda.
Baby Image
Boy, Girl, Unisex
Native American, Polish, Slavic
Related Wanda Baby Names
Adana, Adanna, Adda, Ahana, Ahuda, Aida, Aina, Ajana, Akando
Similar Wanda Baby Names
Wande, Wandy, Waneta, Wanetta, Wenda, Wendi, Wendy, Winda, Winwood, Wyanet
Sibling Names
Michael, Ethan, Anthony, Joshua, Brandon, Ryan, Tyler, Matthew, Noah, Andrew, Christopher, Jacob, Sarah, Emily, Megan, Natalie, Jasmine, Samantha, Hannah, Jessica, Emma, Ashley, Brianna, Abigail
Middle Names
Wanda originates in Germanic and means "from the Vandal tribe". The Vandals were people of Slavic origin living in eastern Germany. There was a story about Princess Wanda who lived among the Vandals. This legend became very popular in Poland and consequently the name became popular too. In the English-speaking world it was popularized in the 19th century by Ouida and her novel Wanda. ::Janett, Indu, Juanitta, Anadya, Annette, Inayat, Janeth, Jannet, Johnda, Anhithi::Wanda as a girl's name is of Slavic origin meaning "the tribe of the Vandals". The Vandals (or Wendlas) were an ancient Slavonic tribe whose destructive behavior led to the modern term "vandalism".
Famous Persons
Wanda Coleman - poetWanda Cowley - writerWanda De Jesus - actressWanda Hendrix - actressWanda Phipps - writerWanda Ramos - writerWanda Stafford - jazz artist


Adequate Blasting for Maritime Vessels
Adequate Blasting for Maritime Vessels
A correct blasting process and the application of adequate treatments guarantee a long life for maritime vessels.
The Star of India ship was built in 1863 and it is still in functioning condition today. After many adventures on seas and oceans, under its original name of Euterpe, the vessel was sold in 1901 and it was renamed Star of India – a name that it is still bearing today. It kept transporting both passengers and merchandise until 1923, when steam vessels started dominating the seas. Time started taking its toll as well, the ship needing major repairs.
Blasting played an important role in restoring the ship's metallic structural elements. Thus, the old paint layers were removed, along with rust and other residues accumulated and the metallic surface was cleaned, allowing it, once again, to go through the necessary treatments in an efficient manner, which extended the vessel's life cycle.
The Star of India was refurbished and it met the ocean again in 1976. Currently, it belongs to the Maritime Museum in San Diego and it sails at least once a year.
Constanța Seaport, Gate 2, SORENA Platform, Constanța, Romania


listless meaning in hindi
Pronunciation of listless
listless in Images
listless Antonyms
listless Definitions and meaning in English
 1. lacking zest or vivacity
 2. marked by low spirits
 3. showing no enthusiasm
 4. spiritless
 5. without energy
listless Sentences in English
 1. निरुत्साहित
 The illness left her feeling listless and depressed.
Tags: listless meaning in hindi, listless ka matalab hindi me, hindi meaning of listless, listless meaning dictionary. listless in hindi. Translation and meaning of listless in English hindi dictionary. Provided by a free online English hindi picture dictionary.


text:
Skip to Main Content
A key topic in multicontroller strategies is the mechanism for switching between controllers, depending on the current operating point. The objective of the switching mechanism is to keep the control action coherent. To help students understand the switching strategy involved in multicontroller schema and the relationship between the system dynamics and the switching structure, this paper proposes a student practical where basic linear control knowledge and a simple switching strategy are applied to an educational nonlinear control problem, that of controlling the level in a tank. Evaluation provided by the students is also included.


text:
E. Cobham Brewer _PHONE_. Dictionary of Phrase and Fable. 1898.
Garnish (g hard).
Entrance-money, to be spent in drink, demanded by jail-birds of new-comers. In prison slang garnish means fetters, and garnish-money is money given for the honour of wearing fetters. The custom became obsolete with the reform of prisons. (French, garnissage, trimming, verb garnir, to decorate or adorn.) (See Fieldings and Smolletts novels.)


text:
Latin Name: Boswellia serrata
is the real Latin name.
Botanical Name: Boswellia Serrata, it is
belongs to Bruseraceae family.
Common Name: The most common names of Boswellia
Serrata are olibanum, Indian olibanum tree, gond, luban.
Part Used: Bark, Gum Resin are mainly use
to make herbs.
Basics: It is a typical Indian herb with
a heavy tradition in the ancient health system process of
People around the world rely on Boswellia Serrata to help
those guides or support healthy, active lives.
Boswellia Serrata is mainly used to promote or support the joints,
promoting healthy purpose for easy, trouble free activity. Uses:
The use of Boswellia Serrata is that its bark cooling, sweet, and
It is best in vitiated main situation of cough, asthma
(pitta). It is also useful in any type of
1. Boswellia Serrata Gum Resin is widely used as enrage due
to its especially ultimate fragrance.
2. Boswellia Serrata has been proven as effective and significant
and, in different cases, much better than medicine such as
3. Boswellia Serrata Gum Resin is non-coniferous resource
of turpentine. It is found in India mainly.
4. Boswellia Serrata Gum Resin is also proven useful in
Ayurvedic treating diseases like Arthritis and Asthma.
Fevers, tremors Urethrorrhea, unceasing laryngitis, diaphoresis,
jaundice and arthritis.
terminalia belerica | terminalia chebula | tinospor cordifolia | tribulus terrestris | valeriana wallichi | zingiber officinalis
Plant Description: The plant description is concern Boswellia Serrata is averaged sized Ayurvedic tree with residue colored flimsy bark.
Serrata leaves looks like plant of Neem and it have also little white flowers.
Important part: The important fact of tree related to active constitutes that the gum oleoresin consists of terpenoids, essential oils, gum.


butt fusion machine manufacturer
RIYANG FUSION MANUFACTURING LIMITED
Home / all / Product News /
How to Check the Pressure of a Hydraulic Butt Fusion Machine?
How to Check the Pressure of a Hydraulic Butt Fusion Machine?
Issue Time:2021/12/29
 a method to check the pressure of the hydraulic butt welding machine,
The pressure gauge on the manifold block indicates the pressure of the carriage valve. How much pressure depends on the position of the selector valve and the pressure set on the specific pressure reducing valve. With the selector valve up, the facing pressure can be set. It may be necessary to adjust the carriage speed, while facing, with the top pressure reducing valve to control facing speed.
Shift the selector valve to the center position, heating, and set the pressure reducing valve at its lowest setting, or the drag pressure, whichever is higher. With the selector valve in the down position, the fusion pressure can be set.
An approximate 2 Bar (30 psi) drag factor should compensate for seal, and pipe drag with one joint of pipe on a pipe stand. If additional lengths of pipe are being moved by the movable jaws, the actual drag pressure should be determined using the following procedure:
(1) After facing the pipe, move the carriage so that the pipe ends are approximately 50 mm (2") apart.
(2) Shift the carriage control valve to the middle (neutral) position, select the heating mode, and adjust the middle pressure reducing valve to its lowest pressure by turning the valve counterclockwise.
(3) Shift the carriage control valve to the left.
(4) Gradually increase the pressure by turning the heating valve clockwise.
(5) Increase the pressure until the carriage moves.
(6) Quickly reduce the heating pressure valve counterclockwise until the carriage is just barely moving.
(7) Record this actual drag pressure.
(8) Take the pressure, determined from the Fusion Pressure Calculator, and add the actual measured drag pressure. This will be the actual fusion pressure to set with the bottom pressure reducing valve. If fusion pressures are used from the reference section, you must subtract 2 Bar (30psi) drag, which is already figured in, and then add the actual drag pressure back.
(9) Adjust the middle heating valve to show recorded drag so that pipe ends will stay in contact with the heater during the heating phase.
Through the above steps, we can correctly measure the actual resistance of the hydraulic butt welding machine to ensure a smoother welding result. As an expert in hydraulic butt welding machines for many years, RIYANG can give you some professional advice to a certain extent.
As an experienced butt welding machine manufacturer, RIYANG has won unanimous praise from many customers with its excellent R&D technology and leading manufacturing process. In order to strictly control the quality of products, we are equipped with a professional quality inspection system and a comprehensive management team. We always put the needs of customers first, so we can also provide users with effective solutions technology and thoughtful one-stop service. If you want to buy our butt welding machine, please contact us immediately!


New Orleans, LA weather in December 1955
Temperature for December 1955
In December 1955 the average high temperature in New Orleans, LA was 64.2°F, and this was 1.6°F cooler than the average of 65.7°F. The hottest day in December 1955 was 3 December when the temperature reached 80.1°F. Overnight the average temperature in December is 46.2°F and in 1955 the average overnight temperature was 3.1°F warmer at 49.3°F.
Precipitation for December 1955
In December the average monthly rainfall in New Orleans, LA is 3.19 inches with rain usually falling on 10 days. In December 1955 there was a total of 0.00 inches of rain, that fell on 9 days.


text:
Pi-Web Join in a Web Warehouse
This document has been relocated to _URL_
There were 1 downloads as of 27 Jun 2016.
With the enormous amount of data stored in the World Wide Web, it is increasingly important to design and develop powerful web warehousing tools. The key objective of our web warehousing project, called WHOWEDA (Warehouse of Web Data), is to design and implement a web warehouse that materializes and manages useful information from the web. We introduce the concept of Π-web join in the context of WHOWEDA. Pi-web join operator is a web information manipulation operator to combine relevant web information residing in two web tables. Informally, it is the combination of web join and web project operators which filter out irrelevant information from a joined web table. We show how to construct the Π-joined web table and its schema. We also highlight the benefits of the Pi-web join operator.


Send Docs Feedback
Configuring email
By default, the Developer Services portal sends emails in response to certain events. For example, when a new developer registers on the portal, the portal automatically sends a welcome email to the developer. Or, if the developer loses their password, the developer can request an email with a temporary password.
As an API provider, you can control all aspects of the emails generated by the portal, including:
 - Formatting the automated emails sent by the portal
 - Specifying the SMTP server used by the portal
 - Adding rules to generate emails in response to events on the portal
Sending email from a cloud-based portal
By default, a cloud-based portal deployed on Pantheon can sent mail using local MTA (postfix). This configuration should only be used on non-production servers because any email sent comes from an anonymous cloud server and the email might be blocked or marked as spam.
For production portals, you must choose one of these options:
Sending email from an on-premises portal
By default, mail is sent using the PHP mail() function. PHP tries to send email using sendmail on the local system, which can be configured in PHP's php.ini file.
For production portals, you must route email through your company's email servers. You can use the SMTP module described below to send email through an SMTP server.
Configuring an SMTP server
The developer portal requires that you configure an SMTP server to send email messages. To configure the SMTP server, you must first enable the Drupal SMTP Authentication Support module on the developer portal.
After you configure the SMTP server, all emails sent by the developer portal use the SMTP server. These emails include emails sent to new developers, emails sent to developers who lose their password, and emails sent to developers with blocked accounts.
To configure the SMTP server:
 1. Log in to your portal as a user with admin or content creation privileges.
 2. Select Modules in the Drupal administration menu.
 The Modules page opens.
 3. Enable the SMTP Authentication Support module.
 4. Save the configuration.
 5. After the module is enabled, select Configure in the SMTP Authentication Support entry on the Modules page.
 The SMTP Authentication Support configuration page appears.
 6. Under Turn this module on or off, select On.
 7. In the SMTP server settings area, enter the following information:
 - SMTP server address. For example, for the Gmail outgoing SMTP server, use smtp.gmail.com.
 - Optionally enter the backup SMTP server address. This value is not required.
 - Enter the SMTP port. The value of this port can be different based on the selected encryption protocol. For example, for Gmail, the port is 465 when using SSL and 587 for TLS.
 - Select the encryption protocol as None, SSL, or TLS.
 8. In the SMTP Authentication area, specify the username and password used for SMTP authentication. This must be a valid username and password on the SMTP server.
 9. Under E-mail options, enter the email address and name of the user generating the email message. These values correspond to the "From" address of the email.
 10. Optionally, under Send test e-mail message, enter an email address where the portal sends a test message.
 11. Save the configuration.
 Saving the configuration generates the test email message and displays any configuration errors. Check the inbox of the email address of the test message to ensure that it arrives.
 12. Select Configuration > System > Site Information in the Drupal administration menu.
 13. Under Site Details, set the E-mail address to the same email address as you specified in Step 9.
 Some Drupal modules that generate emails use this field to determine the "From" address of the email, and not the value on the SMTP Authentication Support page.
 14. Save the configuration.
Configuring and formatting email notifications
You can configure various email notifications that are sent in response to particular activities such as registering, deleting, blocking, and unblocking developer accounts.
You can also control the "From" address of the emails.
To configure email notifications:
 1. Log in to your portal as a user with admin or content creation privileges.
 2. Select Configuration > People > Account settings in the Drupal administration menu. This opens the Account settings page.
 3. Select a type of email notification in the E-Mails section of the Accounts setting page. For example, you can select "Welcome (no approval required)", which sends an email when the developer account is automatically approved during the developer registration process.
 4. Edit the Subject and Body of the email notification.
 Place the cursor in a field, such as Subject, and then select the Browse available tokens link at the bottom of the form to see the list of tokens that you can use in the field. A popup appears that lets you select a token to add, such as [user:name], which corresponds to the user name of the developer.
 5. Click Save configuration.
You can also change the "From" name and address in an email notification.
To change the "From" name and address:
 1. Log in to your portal as a user with admin or content creation privileges.
 2. Select Configuration > System > SMTP Authentication Support in the Drupal administration menu. This opens the SMTP Authentication Support page.
 3. Specify a "From" email address in the E-Mail From Address field.
 4. Specify a "From" name in the E-Mail From Name field.
 5. Click Save configuration.
 6. Select Configuration > System > Site information in the Drupal administration menu.
 7. Specify the same email address that you used in Step 3 in the E-Mail Address field.
 8. Click Save configuration.
Generating an email when an event occurs
Drupal rules let you define actions by the portal in response to certain events. For more information on using rules in Drupal, see the Drupal Rules modules.
One common use of rules is to generate emails in response to an event. The portal has built in support for generating emails for predefined events, such as when a new developer registers an account. However, you can you can add your own rules to generate emails. For example, you can generate an email when the developer adds, removes, or modifies an app.
This section contains an example of how create a rule to generate an email when a developer registers an app. Modify this procedure as necessary to generate emails for other events.
To generate an email when a developer creates an app:
 1. Log in to your portal as a user with admin or content creation privileges.
 2. Select Modules in the Drupal administration menu.
 3. Ensure that the Rules UI module is enabled.
 4. Select Configuration > Workflow > Rules in the Drupal administration menu. This opens the Rules page.
 5. Select the Add a new rule button.
 6. On the new rules page, specify:
 - The rule name, for example "Send email rule".
 - Optionally specify any tags used to categorize the rules for search.
 - In the React on event dropdown, select Devconnect > Upon creation of a developer app.
 7. Save the rule.
 Saving the rule opens the Rules edit form with three panes: Events (which you just created), Conditions, and Actions.
 8. Under Actions, select Add action.
 9. From the Select the Action to Add dropdown, select System > send mail.
 This selection opens a page that lets you format the email. Use this form to specify the "To", "Subject", "Message", and other fields of the email.
 Expand the Replacement patterns link under each field to see the list of patterns that you can use in the field. For example, if you expand Replacement patterns under the To field, you will see a list of patterns that includes [app:developer]. If you specify this pattern in the To field, the email is sent to the creator of the app.
 10. Set the fields as shown below:
 11. Select Save to return to the rule editing page.
 12. Select Save changes.
Test the rule by adding a new app on the portal. You should receive an email notification in response that appears as below:
Subject: App test email app created
App: test email app
API products: PremiumWeatherAPI, weatherapikey-Product
Created at: Mon, 01/27/2014 - 10:16
Modify this rule to send an email to an administrator when a developer creates an app. For example, if the app requires manual API key approval, the email can let the administrator know that an app is pending approval.

Help or comments?


00:00 in the caption file aligns with the first frame of your sequence, no matter what time code the sequence starts at, I.e. the caption file time codes are not linked to the sequence time codes. See this diagram for a visual explanation.
 If your FCP sequence starts at 00:59:50:00 and the first caption is supposed to appear at 01:00:01:00, the first caption time in MacCaption should be 00:00:11:00, because the caption appears 11:00 seconds after the first frame of the sequence. If you incorrectly set the caption time code at 01:00:01:00 in MacCaption, the first caption will not appear until 01:59:51:00!
 The easiest way to work around this issue is to make sure your proxy/reference movie (for time stamping) includes the whole sequence from the very first frame (including any leaders which are on the timeline), and that the Movie Time in MacCaption/CaptionMaker is set to start at 00:00:00:00. This will ensure that everything syncs up both in MacCaption and in FCP.
 Another way to work with this in MacCaption is to have your Movie Time start at the FCP sequence start time (e.g. 01:00:00:00), and also have the captions match up with this movie time (e.g. first dialog in movie is at 01:00:01:00, and the first caption is at 01:00:01:00). In this case, when you export the QuickTime CC track, you MUST enable the checkbox called "Use Movie Time to position captions at 00:00:00:00". That checkbox should always be checked if the captions are timed relative to the movie's time code track instead of relative to 00:00:00:00.
 Note that the FCP generated leader options in the Edit to Tape/Print to Video dialog (such as FCP's bars & tone, countdown, etc.) DO NOT count towards the sequence time code. The caption track will start when the actual sequence starts to play. However, any bars/leaders/etc. which are in the sequence DO count towards the sequence time code.
 One more note about FCP: If the caption file is shorter in duration than the sequence, FCP will start to loop the captions from the beginning when it reaches the end of the caption file. This sometimes shows up as the first captions from the start of the movie start playing during the ending credits or during the tail after the movie. If you did not caption anything during the credits, the last caption in your project ends before the FCP sequence does, so the captions start to loop. The solution is simple: The caption file must be longer (or at least just as long) as the FCP sequence. You can fix this by putting a blank caption at the end of your project, and make sure that blank caption's time is at or after the end of the FCP sequence.
 - My first caption was cut off or appears late.
 Pop-on captions need a few seconds to pre-load the data before the caption actually appears. If you have a caption that starts very close to the start of the program or a cut point, the data for that caption might get cut off and the caption won't appear. See the "lowest limit" feature in the manual for more information. The workaround is to either set the lowest limit, or make the first caption in paint-on mode (which requires far less time to pre-load a caption).
 - Transcription issues: How to do it, speech recognition options, etc.
 There is no special trick to transcription. It is by far the most time-consuming aspect of the closed captioning/subtitling process. But, there are methods that ensure that you are transcribing in the most efficient way possible. Below are a few methods to transcribe a video.
 Use a Video File
 If you are not already doing so, make sure that you are using a video file, and not videotape, as your video source. Trying to transcribe from a tape can wear out your tape deck, and you'll spend too much time starting and stopping the tape.
 USB Foot Pedal
 A very popular tool for transcribing is a USB Foot Pedal. The VPedal is a tool that allows you to control QuickTime, Windows Media Video, and a number of other types of digital media. You can start, stop, rewind, and fast-forward your digital video with your foot, while typing directly into your word processor. What makes the foot pedal method so efficient is that you never have to take your hands off the keyboard. Eventually, you're able to get into a rhythm with your hands and foot so that you are constantly typing.
 Speech Recognition Software
 Speech Recognition Software has advanced greatly in the past few years, and has become a reliable transcription tool. The transcription method using speech-recognition employs "shadow speaking", whereby the user repeats what he or she hears in the video into a microphone. Before you use any type of speech-recognition software, such as Dragon Naturally Speaking or MacSpeech, you'll need to train with the software. This usually consists of reading stories provided by the software. After you've read a story, the software analyzes your voice and compares it to the text in the story. You'll also need to practice the technique of shadow speaking, which isn't difficult but takes time to get good at.
 At this time, there is no technology that can reliably take a video or audio file and automatically transcribe all of the text without human intervention. Speaker-independent speech recognition systems typically achieve around 60-70% accuracy, whereas 90-95% accuracy is the minimum for closed captioning.
 Transcription Service
 Often, it is more cost-effective to simply pay a service to transcribe your material. Transcription is faster and much less expensive than farming out the whole captioning process, so you can still save time and money by doing the captioning steps in-house. There are many online services that allow you to upload an.mp3 and they will provide you with a text transcription within a day. Ideally, you should be able to find a local individual whom you can trust for quick and accurate transcription.
 - How do I monitor my HD captions?
 See this white paper about the different options for monitoring HD closed captions. Basically, you can't monitor HD captions via HDMI or component outputs. The only baseband HD video that carries closed captions is HD-SDI. Also, most devices (except for the Matrox MXO2 and AJA FS-1) do not preserve the captions when down-converting HD to SD. You need an HD-SDI device that can decode HD (CEA-708) captions. Not all monitoring devices follow the complete CEA-708 spec, so the captions may not always appear exactly as intended.
 - How do I down-convert HD video with captions to SD without losing the captions?
 Only a few hardware devices (such as the Matrox MXO2 and the AJA FS-1) can preserve the closed captioning when down/up-converting a video. For other devices, you must use a separate workflow or separate output step to create the SD video with closed captions. For example, if you have a HD sequence in FCP, you can render this into a SD sequence and then use the SD captioning workflow. Or, you can print to SD tape (taking advantage of hardware down-convert), then capture SD back in and caption it using the SD workflow.
 See the AJA / Blackmagic / Matrox workflow pages for more info.
 - My Sony HD deck won't record HD video with closed captions.
 By default, most Sony HD decks are factory set to not record VANC Line 9 where the HD closed captions are stored. You must go into the deck setup or maintenance menu and look for the "VANC Packet RX" setting. This should be set to: VANC Line 9, DID 61, SDID 01. The exact menu depends on your deck. See this page for some of the settings we know, or please contact Sony for more information.
 XDCAM EX (solid state) and HDV decks do not support closed captioning.
 - My.CAP file is not working.
 Several different kinds of files have the same extension of.CAP. If the file isn't working then you are probably trying to import or export the wrong type. If you drag & drop the file into the text area, the software will automatically determine the right file type to import.
 If you need to export a.cap but you don't know what kind, try to determine if the file is supposed to be a CaptionMaker project file (.cap), Cheetah caption file (.cap), or NCI caption file (.cap). There are some other rare.cap formats as well.
 CaptionMaker.cap files are opened/saved in CaptionMaker using the File > Open and Save commands, whereas the other types are imported/exported using the File > Import and Export commands.
 MacCaption cannot open CaptionMaker.cap project files, but it can open the other types of.cap files. To move projects between the two platforms, we recommend using the Ultech.ult import/export for caption files, or the DVDSP.stl import/export for subtitle files. So if you have a CaptionMaker.cap file, open it in CaptionMaker (you can use your MacCaption dongle to run CaptionMaker and vice versa), and then export the captions as a Ultech.ult file to import into MacCaption