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Let $G$ be any countable discrete group, and $H_1, H_2$ be two subgroups of $G$ with some fixed finite index $m>1$.
My question is:
Is it always possible to find some automorphism $\phi$ of $G$, i.e., $\phi\in Aut(G)$, such that $\phi(H_1)=H_2$?
If not, could any one give some counterexample to illustrate this? Thanks in advance!
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3 Answers 3
up vote 5 down vote accepted
Nope: let $G=C_4\times V_4\times\mathbb Z$, where $C_4$ is the cyclic group of order $4$ and $V_4$ is the Klein $4$-group. Let $H_1=C_4\times\{e\}\times\mathbb Z$ and $H_2=\{e\}\times V_4\times\mathbb Z$. Both subgroups have index $4$, but they aren't isomorphic.
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So we can take two non-isomorphic finite groups $G_1, G_2$, of the same order $n$S and a take an infinite group $H$, and consider $G=H\times G_1\times G_2$. Then $H_1=G\times G_1, H_2=G\times G_2$ may work generalizing your idea. – P Vanchinathan Mar 21 at 1:15
_USER_ It depends. Using your notation, if $H$ is a direct sum of countably many copies of $G_1\times G_2$, then $G_1\times H$ is isomorphic to $G_2\times H$ after all. In my example, there is no such accidental isomorphism, since $C_4\times\{e\}\times\mathbb Z$ has an element of order $4$, and $\{e\}\times V_4\times\mathbb Z$ doesn't. – Chris Culter Mar 21 at 1:25
The dihedral group of order 8 has a subgroup isomorphic to the cyclic group of order 4, and has a subroup isomorphic to the Klein group. Both subgroups have index 2 but are non-isomorphic since the first has an element of order 4 but the second does not. No smaller order group G can be found as a counterexample since a nontrivial subgroup of such a G would have order 2 or order 3.
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Dihedral group G of order 8 also has two subgroups of order 2 with no automorphism of G taking one to the other (take one central, and one not). – Jack Schmidt Mar 21 at 1:57
Take $m\mathbf{Z}, n\mathbf{Z}\subset \mathbf{Z}$. As isomorphisms have to send generator to generator we get conflicting requirement $\phi(1)=\pm1, \phi(m)= \pm n $. So your question has a negative answer.
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They don't have the same index though – Bruno Joyal Mar 21 at 1:05
OOps, I looked at the title and was misled. My answer is incorrect. – P Vanchinathan Mar 21 at 1:11
Your Answer


The level 9 spell imprisonment states that
But the spell does not state if this creature can be injured or killed during this state.
Does this mean if a wizard decides to imprison a creature, another creature can kill or whittle away at the imprisoned creature?
By RAW - yes, but it depends on the form of imprisonment
Firstly, rules-as-written describe the spell Imprisonment fundamentally as a restraint, not something that grants immunity to damage or death:
Given the context of the forms of imprisonment (burial, chaining, hedge prison, etc.) it's clear that the purpose of removing the requirement to eat, breathe and age is to keep the prisoner alive in the context of the prison itself. This doesn't necessarily mean the prisoner can't be harmed by other means. (Just like a "regular" prisoner, who is sustained by the infrastructure of the prison, can still be beaten up or killed by the wardens or fellow inmates).
Form of Imprisonment
That being said, the ability to actually access the prisoner in order to do them harm depends heavily on which form of the Imprisonment spell you choose to use:
Slumber and Chaining keep the prisoner easily accessible, and within the reach of a convenient beating/smackdown. These are essentially souped up versions of Sleep and Hold Person.
Burial, Hedged Prison and Minimus Containment specify quite explicitly that it is near-impossible to physically access the prisoner (perhaps not without a Wish spell and some generous DM-ruling).
 - \$\begingroup\$ Could the hedged prison in & of itself be damaging to the creature(s) so imprisoned? (a water creature being imprisoned in a demiplane of fire, lacking an air supply, drains the level of those contained therein, etc). In terms of the minimus containment, would the gem be able to be used for another purpose (casting a spell, which would consume the gem in the process). Also, the terms of the imprisonment breaking could be creative, such that the moment it ended, it would spell death for the creature so contained (lava, deep underwater, far above the clouds & have them drop to their death!) \$\endgroup\$ – Jesse Cohoon Aug 7 '16 at 18:37
 - \$\begingroup\$ _USER_ That is a different question (possibly two or three different questions) from the question here, which is about whether others can physically attack an imprisoned creatures. Since those are different questions, the answer shouldn't be expected to or prodded to answer them. You should ask them as a separate question(s). \$\endgroup\$ – SevenSidedDie Aug 8 '16 at 16:37
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text:
Cheyne Meaning and Definition in Dictionary
Would you like to add your own explaination to this word 'Cheyne'?
Wikipedia Meaning and Definition on 'Cheyne'
- Cheyne: Cheyne is both a surname and a given name. Notable people with the name include: Surname: John Cheyne (speaker) Speaker of the House (14th century) John
- Cheyne baronets: The Cheyne Baronetcy, of Leagart in the parish of Fetlar and North Yell in the County of Zetland, is a title in the Baronetage of the United Kingdom. It
- Watson Cheyne: Kingdom. Cheyne was born at sea off Hobart, Tasmania. His father, Andrew Cheyne, was the eldest of two illegitimate children born to James Cheyne, brother
- Cheyne–Stokes respiration: Cheyne–Stokes respiration /ˈtʃeɪnˈstoʊks/ is an abnormal pattern of breathing characterized by progressively deeper and sometimes faster breathing, followed
- John Cheyne: John Cheyne may refer to: Sir John Cheyne (speaker) (died 1414), Speaker of the House of Commons John Cheyne (MP for Buckinghamshire) (died c.1447), MP
- Cheyne Walk: Cheyne Walk is a historic street, in Chelsea, London, in the Royal Borough of Kensington and Chelsea. Cheyne Walk forms part of the A3212 and A3220 trunk
- John Cheyne, Baron Cheyne: John Cheyne (or Cheney), Baron Cheyne KG KB (ca. 1442 – 1499) was Master of the Horse to King Edward IV and personal bodyguard to King Henry VII of England
- William Cheyne: William Cheyne may refer to: William Cheyne (died 1420) (c.1374–1420), MP for Dorset (UK Parliament constituency) William Cheyne (15th century MP) for
- Alec Cheyne: Alexander George "Alec" Cheyne (28 April 1907 – 5 July 1983) was a Scottish footballer who played as an inside-forward. He is reputed to have been responsible
- George Cheyne: George Cheyne may refer to: George Cheyne (physician) (1671–1743), British physician and medical writer George Cheyne (settler) (1790–1869), early settler
Meaning of the Name 'Cheyne'
- Meaning: Oak-hearted.
- Origin: French
- Gender: Male

source: m-a-p/FineFineWeb


text:
IO-Link Device Validation (Compatible or Identical)
Use Device Validation to make your IO-Link port smart. You can link IO-Link ports to operate only when a compatible or identical IO-Link device is attached. This example illustrates:
- Port 1 – Device Validation set to identical. Identical Device Validation can only function if the IO-Link device contains a serial number.
- Ports 2, 3, and 5 – Device Validation set to compatible, which means these ports only operate if a compatible (same Vendor ID and same Device ID) IO-Link device is attached to the corresponding port.
- Port 4 – after clicking SAVE, this port is configured for compatible device validation

source: openbmb/Ultra-FineWeb


When setting up the Techdinamics Desktop Client, you might want to use a Generic USB scale to calculate the weight on the packing line.
Differently from specific scales (detailed here), Generic USB scales can be used, but it requires a few additional setup steps.
To set the scale up, you can follow the steps in this short video, or with the step-by-step instructions below.
To set up the Generic USB scale you will have to:
1. Access the Settings tab in the Techdinamics Desktop Client
2. Select Generic USB Scale from the Scale Model Dropdown
3. Complete the Scale Vendor ID (VID) and Scale Product ID (PID)*
4. Press Save to confirm the changes
* To obtain the Scale Vendor ID and Scale Product ID, you will have to:
1. Press the Windows Start menu button
2. Type "Device Manager" in the search bar and open it
3. Expand Human Interface Devices (HID)
4. Right Click in your USB Scale option and select Properties
5. Select the Details tab and obtain the information from the text


text:
When installing a Knox Box, consider the following:
- Knox Boxes shall be mounted as near as possible to the primary entry door and shall not be visually obstructed. This normally will be the main entrance door to the business.
- The box should not be located further than six feet laterally from the door.
- The Knox Box should be installed no higher than five feet or no lower than two feet above the ground or walk area.
- The Knox Box for a gate shall be located on the gate or on a fence or wall within six feet of the gate.


Article ID : S500024724 / Last Modified : 11/04/2018
How do I use Share Charm in Windows 8?
How do I use Share Charm in Windows 8?
 The Share Charm allows you to quickly share files and information with people you know or send info to another app, without having to exit to the App you are currently using. Examples of using the Share Charm are emailing photos to someone or posting an article to Facebook.
 The share Charm is available from anywhere in the system, but it can only be used to the Apps that supports Sharing.
 To use the Share Charm:
 1. Open a file or information you want to Share. For example, using the Photos App, select one of the Photos you have.
 Note: If you have not selected any item, Windows 8 will display a message that there's nothing to share and asks you to select an app and try again.
 2. Move your mouse from the top or bottom-right corner of the screen, and then click on Share charm from the Charms bar.
 3. Choose which app to share with, and then follow the on-screen instructions. For example, choose Email app if you want to email the photo you've selected.


text:
The DataPortal Query module allows querying of data in a Composable DataPortal using Entity SQL. It takes a DataPortal ID, an SQL query, and a list of objects as parameters and returns a Composable Table.
See below for a complete discussion of inputs and options.
The following example DataFlow demonstrates many of the possible ways to use the DataPortal Query module. This DataFlow uses the DataPortal Query sample DataPortal model, which creates a DataPortal called
DataPortalQuery by default. WARNING: this DataFlow deletes all existing data in the DataPortal, so only run it against a test DataPortal. You can change the name in the Excel file if you already have a
DataPortalQuery DataPortal, just be sure to select the right DataPortal when configuring the DataFlow.
Adding New Data
This DataFlow uses the DataPortal Sync module to add entries to the DataPortal we can query from. These will create 5 entries, each having two FamilyHistoryEntries.
Querying Data Using Entity SQL
To ensure the proper types are returned if the query produces no data, it is usually best practice to not use the VALUE keyword. The module will provide a warning if the user attempts to use it and no data is returned. The recommended way of returning all data from a table is as shown below:
There is no '*' selector in Entity SQL. If you want all the rows to be returned in a query you must manually specify them. For a full list of the differences between Transactional SQL queries and Entity SQL queries refer to the official documentation.
The output of the DataPortal Query module is a Composable Table. If the object is a one-to-one relationship such as Double, the value will simply be returned as it exists in the database. If the object is a one-to-many relationship in the case of FamHistoryEntries which is a Table, an error will be thrown. To reference these write a SQL query like the one shown here that joins the tables:
This is the Id for the DataPortal you wish to query. Simply click on it and select the DataPortal from the list that appears.
This is the SQL query you wish to execute on the DataPortal. Specific formatting can be found in the example.
This takes in a list of KeyValuePairs of type
Cases AS c
FamilyHistories AS h
ON c.Id = h.CaseId
WHERE h.HasFamilyHistory = _USER_


ekultek ekultek - 16 days ago 10
Ruby Question
Return user to where they came from
Is there a way you can return a user to where they came from without having to go deep into else if statements?
Such as, say they came from here:
def start
puts "Some code press 'E' to go to examples"
input = gets.chomp
if input =~ /e/i
examples
else
start
end
end
And they went to examples:
def examples
puts "Examples of code to return to where you came from type 'return'"
input = gets.chomp
if input == 'return'
#<= (return them to where they came from)
I know that in order to do this you call the method which would be
start
but I want them to return to where they came from no matter where they come from, be it
start, lesson_1, lesson_2, lesson_3
etc. Without having to make a ridiculous amount of if elsif else statements. Is there a way to do this without going super deep into if else statements?
Meaning;
if input == "y"
start
if input == "r"
return
if input == "w"
wait
else
return
end
else
start
end
else
return
end
Answer
The sort of thing you're describing is solved by a finite state machine.
Rather than having a big, complicated if/elsif block, you define states of your program and what states they can move into. You can draw this out like a flowchart.
 - Start the program -> start
 - start -> wait or start
 - wait -> quit or start
 - quit -> Exit the program
The FSM can be done as a class, each state is a method. The methods only need to know about their next steps.
Here's an article about state machines in Ruby and list of Ruby state machine libraries.


text:
- Abstract: We present Optimal Completion Distillation (OCD), a training procedure for optimizing sequence to sequence models based on edit distance. OCD is efficient, has no hyper-parameters of its own, and does not require pre-training or joint optimization with conditional log-likelihood. Given a partial sequence generated by the model, we first identify the set of optimal suffixes that minimize the total edit distance, using an efficient dynamic programming algorithm. Then, for each position of the generated sequence, we use a target distribution which puts equal probability on the first token of all the optimal suffixes. OCD achieves the state-of-the-art performance on end-to-end speech recognition, on both Wall Street Journal and Librispeech datasets, achieving $9.3\%$ WER and $4.5\%$ WER, respectively.
- Keywords: Sequence Learning, Edit Distance, Speech Recognition, Deep Reinforcement Learning
- TL;DR: Optimal Completion Distillation (OCD) is a training procedure for optimizing sequence to sequence models based on edit distance which achieves state-of-the-art on end-to-end Speech Recognition tasks.


text:
Meaning of the Color in Art Education for Student in the Secondary Schools in Riyadh / Abdullah D. Alshehri
There is no doubt that colours play an important role in our life. And have their meaning individually. The aim of this research is to know the meaning of the colours for students in the secondary schools in Riyadh. Research questions were as follows: I-What is the meaning of the colours for students in the secondary schools in Riyadh? 2-What is the favorite colour for students in the secondary schools in Riyadh? Quantitative and qualitative research was used in this study. The important result were as follows: 1-Blue was the first favorite colour for students. 2-Black was the third favorite colour for students, which means death, badness and fright. The major recommendations were as follows: 1-Should not be concentrated on the artwork for the students only, but also on the meaning of the colours, which was using 2-Accepting student's thoughts, which related to the meaning of their colours.


text:
Etch A Sketch Toys
Etch A Sketch toys are a fun game without the need for a digital connection, reams of paper, or pencils that need constant sharpening. Indulge your imagination with this drawing toy that easily and completely erases in seconds for the next creative image to come to life. Etch A Sketch games allow you to draw an infinite number of images to keep up with your creativity.What is an Etch A Sketch toy?
The 1960 release of the Etch A Sketch introduced it as a mechanical drawing toy with a thick, gray, glass screen inside a plastic red frame with two small white knobs. The knobs are twisted by hand to adjust the metal pointer, or stylus, under the screen in order to create a drawing, or sketch, with the powder contained inside. You then turn the Etch A Sketch upside down and shake it to erase the image and can immediately draw a new sketch on a blank slate.How does an Etch A Sketch toy work?
Inside the Etch A Sketch toy is aluminum powder fully coating the screen in order to draw a sketch. As the knobs are turned, the left one for horizontal movement and the right one for vertical movement, the stylus continues to push the powder away. The displaced powder leaves what appears to be a black or dark gray line on the Etch A Sketch display, but in reality it is just the empty space inside the Etch A Sketch. This effectively creates your sketch as you continue to adjust the knobs for vertical or horizontal movement. When you shake the Etch A Sketch, polystyrene beads help coat and redistribute the aluminum powder over the inside surface of the display.What are the benefits of drawing with Etch A Sketch?
Lineography is the act of drawing without lifting the medium from the surface. The Etch A Sketch is a lineographic toy; the stylus is able to move horizontally and vertically but not be removed from the underside of the display. The benefit of the Etch A Sketch is that you are able to release your hands from the toy as often as needed with the ability to pick back up exactly where you stopped. This action mimics the motion of drawing with a paintbrush or pencil. Another benefit of the Etch A Sketch is that your hands will remain clean throughout the drawing process.


text:
A Pygmy Skulltula is an enemy encountered exclusively in Twilight Princess. They are just like regular Skulltulas, except they are smaller and hang from thinner webs. Additionally, this version of the Skulltula only appears within the Forest Temple.
Link first encounters a Pygmy Skulltula inside the Forest Temple, where it drops from the ceiling when he attempts to jump over a small gap. With it there, Link cannot cross the gap. Instead, he can kill it by edging forward, and once the spider drops, he can detach it from its web by using either the Slingshot or Sword. Once detached from its web, the Skulltula drops into the water and is killed.


text:
The NHS COVID Pass service is now available to 12-15 year olds, accessible via NHS.UK for those aged 12 and over, and the NHS App for those aged 13 and over. This is an addition to the letter service via 119 that was launched in December.
Both the digital (App and NHS.uk) and letter NHS COVID Pass are widely accepted for international travel. It provides a record of all COVID-19 vaccinations received, with the digital Pass showing evidence of recovery for 180 days following a positive test. International travellers should check the entry requirements of the country they are visiting as requirements for testing and vaccination can vary from country to country.
As well as accessing their NHS COVID Pass, the NHS App will allow 13 to 15 year olds to access other non-personalised services such as Health A-Z, organ donation and 111 online. The NHS App will withhold a child's medical data unless they have undergone a Gillick competency assessment with a medical professional.


Skip to definition.
Adjective: polemic pu'le-mik
 1. Of or involving dispute or controversy
 "Preaching and exegetical literature might also have a polemic purpose";
 - polemical
Noun: polemic pu'le-mik
 1. A writer who argues in opposition to others (especially in theology)
 - polemicist, polemist
 2. A controversy (especially over a belief or dogma)
Derived forms: polemics
See also: controversial
Type of: arguing, argument, author, contention, contestation, controversy, disceptation, disputation, tilt, writer
Encyclopedia: Polemic


$user = $user->save();
Note that it is not possible to recover a password in this manner as stored passwords are not made available via the Provisioning API for security reasons.
Forcing a user to change their password
A user can be forced to change their password at their next login by setting the login->changePasswordAtNextLogin property to TRUE.
 1. $user = $gdata->retrieveUser('foo');
 2. $user->login->changePasswordAtNextLogin = true;
 3. $user = $user->save();
Similarly, this can be undone by setting the login->changePasswordAtNextLogin property to FALSE.
Suspending a user account
Users can be restricted from logging in without deleting their user account by instead suspending their user account. Accounts can be suspended or restored by using the suspendUser() and restoreUser() convenience methods:
 1. $gdata->suspendUser('foo');
 2. $gdata->restoreUser('foo');
Alternatively, you can set the UserEntry's login->suspended property to TRUE.
 1. $user = $gdata->retrieveUser('foo');
 2. $user->login->suspended = true;
 3. $user = $user->save();
To restore the user's access, set the login->suspended property to FALSE.
Granting administrative rights
Users can be granted the ability to administer your domain by setting their login->admin property to TRUE.
 1. $user = $gdata->retrieveUser('foo');
 2. $user->login->admin = true;
 3. $user = $user->save();
And as expected, setting a user's login->admin property to FALSE revokes their administrative rights.
Deleting user accounts
Deleting a user account to which you already hold a UserEntry is a simple as calling delete() on that entry.
 1. $user = $gdata->retrieveUser('foo');
 2. $user->delete();
If you do not have access to a UserEntry object for an account, use the deleteUser() convenience method.
 1. $gdata->deleteUser('foo');
Interacting with nicknames
Nicknames serve as email aliases for existing users. Each nickname contains precisely two key properties: its name and its owner. Any email addressed to a nickname is forwarded to the user who owns that nickname.
Nicknames are represented as an instances of Zend_Gdata_Gapps_NicknameEntry.
Creating a nickname
Nicknames can be created by calling the createNickname() convenience method:
 1. $gdata->createNickname('foo', 'bar');
Nicknames can also be created by instantiating NicknameEntry, providing the nickname with a name and an owner, then calling insertNickname() on a service object to upload the entry to the server.
 1. $nickname = $gdata->newNicknameEntry();
 2. $nickname->login = $gdata->newLogin('foo');
 3. $nickname->nickname = $gdata->newNickname('bar');
 4. $nickname = $gdata->insertNickname($nickname);
Retrieving a nickname
Nicknames can be retrieved by calling the retrieveNickname() convenience method. This will return NULL if a user is not found.
 1. $nickname = $gdata->retrieveNickname('bar');
 2.
 3. echo 'Nickname: ' . $nickname->nickname->name . "\n";
 4. echo 'Owner: ' . $nickname->login->username . "\n";
Individual nicknames can also be retrieved by creating an instance of Zend_Gdata_Gapps_NicknameQuery, setting its nickname property to equal the nickname that is to be retrieved, and calling getNicknameEntry() on a service object with that query.
 1. $query = $gdata->newNicknameQuery('bar');
 2. $nickname = $gdata->getNicknameEntry($query);
 3.
 4. echo 'Nickname: ' . $nickname->nickname->name . "\n";
 5. echo 'Owner: ' . $nickname->login->username . "\n";
As with users, if no corresponding nickname is found a ServiceException will be thrown with an error code of Zend_Gdata_Gapps_Error::ENTITY_DOES_NOT_EXIST. Again, these will be discussed in the exceptions chapter.
Retrieving all nicknames for a user
To retrieve all nicknames associated with a given user, call the convenience method retrieveNicknames().
 1. $feed = $gdata->retrieveNicknames('foo');
 2.
 3. foreach ($feed as $nickname) {
 4. echo ' * ' . $nickname->nickname->name . "\n";
 5. }
This will create a Zend_Gdata_Gapps_NicknameFeed object which holds each nickname associated with the specified user.
Alternatively, create a new Zend_Gdata_Gapps_NicknameQuery, set its username property to the desired user, and submit the query by calling getNicknameFeed() on a service object.
 1. $query = $gdata->newNicknameQuery();
 2. $query->setUsername('foo');
 3. $feed = $gdata->getNicknameFeed($query);
 4.
 5. foreach ($feed as $nickname) {
 6. echo ' * ' . $nickname->nickname->name . "\n";
 7. }
Retrieving all nicknames in a domain
To retrieve all nicknames in a feed, simply call the convenience method retrieveAllNicknames()
 1. $feed = $gdata->retrieveAllNicknames();
 2.
 3. foreach ($feed as $nickname) {
 4. echo ' * ' . $nickname->nickname->name . ' => ' .
 5. $nickname->login->username . "\n";
 6. }
This will create a Zend_Gdata_Gapps_NicknameFeed object which holds each nickname on the domain.
Alternatively, call getNicknameFeed() on a service object with no arguments.
 1. $feed = $gdata->getNicknameFeed();
 2.
 3. foreach ($feed as $nickname) {
 4. echo ' * ' . $nickname->nickname->name . ' => ' .
 5. $nickname->login->username . "\n";
 6. }
Deleting a nickname
Deleting a nickname to which you already hold a NicknameEntry for is a simple as calling delete() on that entry.
 1. $nickname = $gdata->retrieveNickname('bar');
 2. $nickname->delete();
For nicknames which you do not hold a NicknameEntry for, use the deleteNickname() convenience method.
 1. $gdata->deleteNickname('bar');
Interacting with groups
Google Groups allows people to post messages like an email list. Google is depreciating the Email List API. Google Groups provides some neat features like nested groups and group owners. If you want to start a new email lst, it is advisable to use Google Groups instead. Google's Email List is not compatible with Google Groups. So if you create an email list, it will not show up as a group. The opposite is true as well.
Each group on a domain is represented as an instance of Zend_Gdata_Gapps_GroupEntry.
Creating a group
Groups can be created by calling the createGroup() convenience method:
 1. $gdata->createGroup('friends', 'The Friends Group');
Groups can also be created by instantiating GroupEntry, providing a group id and name for the group, then calling insertGroup() on a service object to upload the entry to the server.
 1. $group = $gdata->newGroupEntry();
 2.
 3. $properties[0] = $this->newProperty();
 4. $properties[0]->name = 'groupId';
 5. $properties[0]->value = 'friends';
 6. $properties[1] = $this->newProperty();
 7. $properties[1]->name = 'groupName';
 8. $properties[1]->value = 'The Friends Group';
 9.
 10. $group->property = $properties;
 11.
 12. $group =


Documentation for Confluence 5.4.
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This page explains how you can export individual Confluence pages, blog posts, entire spaces or selections of pages into a single PDF file.
Exporting single pages
You can export a Confluence page to PDF. This option exports a single page and is available to all users who have permission to view the page.
 - Go to a page in the space and choose Tools > Export to PDF. Follow the prompts to export the page.
Note that the export of a single page to PDF applies any PDF stylesheet customisations, but does not apply any PDF layout customisations. To make your PDF layout customisations apply to a single page exported to PDF, use the'multiple page' method described below to export that single page only. See Customising Exports to PDF.
Exporting a blog post
You can export a Confluence blog post to PDF. This option exports a single blog post and is available to all users who have permission to view the page.
 - Go to a blog post and choose Tools > Export to PDF. Follow the prompts to export the page.
Blog posts can only be exported individually. Blogs cannot be exported at the space level.
Exporting multiple pages or the entire space
Using Confluence's space export functionality, you can convert multiple pages or an entire space to PDF.
To use the space export functionality, you need the 'Export Space' permission. See the guide to space permissions.
To export a space or selected pages to PDF:
 1. Go to the space and choose Space tools > Content Tools on the sidebar.
 2. Choose Export. This option will only be visible if you have the 'Export Space' permission.
 3. Select PDF then choose Next
 4. Decide whether you need to customise the export:
 - Select Normal Export to produce a PDF file containing all the pages that you have permission to view.
 - Select Custom Export if you want to export a subset of pages.
 5. Select the pages you want to export.
 - You have the option to Select All or Deselect All pages.
 - When you select a page, all its child pages will also be selected. Similarly, when you deselect a page all its child pages will also be deselected.
 6. Choose Export.
 7. When the export process has finished, download and save the PDF file as prompted.
If your space uses the Documentation theme:
 1. Choose Browse > Space Operations
 2. Choose PDF Export from the left menu.
 3. Follow the steps above to export the Space.
Screenshot: Selecting pages to export
Customising the appearance of PDF exports
You can add a title page, a table of contents and customised headers and footers to the PDF output. For more advanced customisations, you can apply Cascading Style Sheet (CSS) modifications. These customisations are specific to each space. You need the 'Space Administrator' permission to be able to apply these customisations. For more information, see Customising Exports to PDF.
 - PDF exports will not handle columns created via the page layout option in the editor. If you have a twoor three-column layout, the PDF export will contain the page content in one single column. The issue is tracked here: CONF-25240 - PDF export does not handle page layouts Resolved
 - Comments on the page are not exported to the PDF file. The screenshot above and Confluence both suggest otherwise, issue is tracked here: CONF-27811 - Description of PDF Export is incorrect Resolved
 - Only image attachments that have been inserted into a page are included when exporting to PDF.
 - To export a PDF containing international text, you need to install a Unicode font in Confluence.
 - Blog posts can be individually exported, but are not included when you export a space to PDF.
 - If you have 'Space Administrator' permissions, the link to customise the PDF Stylesheet is provided at the top of the page tree, as shown in the screenshot above.
 - Confluence's PDF export feature is designed to handle a wide variety of content. However, on rare occasions the PDF Export process may fail due to an unrecognised customisation. If that happens the PDF export screen will indicate the title of the page in which the problem occurred, to help you diagnose the cause of the failure.
 1. How do I get the comments on the page to show up in the PDF when I use the export single page icon?
 1. Hi Matt,
 Unfortunately, Confluence does not provide this feature currently. However, we are aware of such needs and there is an improvement request being tracked at the following link:
 The improvement request above suggest Confluence to have the ability to include comments in the page PDF export. If you are keen on this improvement, please cast a vote to increase its popularity and add yourself as a watcher for future updates.
 Choy Li
 2. Anonymous
 This would be really useful. Does anyone know if it's possible yet?
 1. Hi,
 You may want to give a try by using the Auto-Export plugin that is available in our Confluence Extension space:
 If the above is not an option, you may want to give a try to search for other plugins in our Confluence Extension space which might meet your requirement. Hope the information does help.
 Choy Li
 3. If exporting to PDF, I run into problems if tables or pictures are involved. I created an issue for this on JIRA
 4. Hi,
 is it possible, to store the selection of exported pages for a later re-use?
 1. This would be very handy. Is it possible in 3.0?
 5. Anonymous
 Hi there, we found that when multiple users of the wiki exported an entire space at the same time, the wiki runs very slow...logging in to the wiki just hangs....once the export is finished, speed comes back to there any way to allow space export without running into this adverse performance issue?
 1. I have the same issue - needing visitors to be able to export multiple pages (a particular section of a space) as a pdf.
 The best way to deal with this would seem to be by automating PDF export (with certain supplied parameters) on a regular (e.g. nightly) basis. I read in some comment here (but can't find it now) that (ro-)bot-export of spaces is deliberately discouraged by Atlassian to guard against DDOS-type attacks, but would it be possible to create a local-only bot capable of running these exports according to supplied parameters (regularity, page(s) to include, pdf filename,...)?
 Bot-exported PDFs could be saved in a certain folder with a known naming structure, and wiki pages could include links to the appropriate pdf file (perhaps via macro), avoiding the whole automatically-generated performance hit issue.
 2. The space backup process consumes some extra resources, hence, it is understandable that Confluence may perform poorly if there's multiple concurrent space export.
 In the context of permission settings, you can assign/drop the "Space - Export" space permission if necessary.
 In regards to a single automated process, I think one can create a job plugins that runs the space export at an interval. You might be able to find better answers in Atlassian Answers.
 1. Thank you for the information - a job plugin (set up to use Cron) sounds exactly like what we need. Then it's just the case of creating the plugin to export specific pages within a space (or the whole space) and save it - all according to designated parameters. Do you know if the plugin architecture allows you to specify a subset of pages to be exported in the space (like is possible in the UI)?
 Another method would seem to be to use an external script using the RPC API - but right now you can only export an entire space as a PDF (but I've voted up a feature request for extra granularity here - see I found a python script that could be modified (currently exports a space as XML)...
 Anyway, I will search the public forums as you suggest... I just wanted to update this thread with these pointers. Thanks again.
 6. P
 We're using Confluence to create documentation and we use the PDf export mechanism to provide our customers with a PDF version of the documentation.
 Now, in the spaces we use for documentation, we have several pages that have viewing restrictions on them. This can be either pages that are not yet finished or just some internal pages with comments/directions etc.
 I know I can manually uncheck each single page that I do not want to have included before exporting, but I was wondering if it's not possible to run the export in such a way that it will only export what is visible to anonymous users?
 1. Sure - you just need to grant 'Export Space' permission to anonymous users, and then log out before starting the export.
 This will create the PDF including only those pages which are visible to anonymous users.
 If you don't want to enable exports for anonymous users, then you could create a new user, make sure that the permissions are set so that the user does not see your internal pages, and perform your PDF Exports using that restricted user.
 1. P
 Tnx, that'll do the trick. Should have come up with that myself


Are the change events of a transaction always guaranteed to appear in the order in which they are executed?
Are the change events of a transaction always guaranteed to appear in the order in which they are executed? For example, if two concurrent transactions are being executed, the below sequence shows the order of the operations being maintained even if the transactions themselves are not grouped together.
txn1 - operation1
txn1 - operation2
txn2 - operation1
txn1 - operation3
txn1 - operation4
txn2 - operation2
txn2 - operation3
txn2 - operation4
Is there a possibility of the change events appearing as:
txn1 - operation1
txn1 - operation2
txn2 - operation1
txn1 - operation4
txn1 - operation3
txn2 - operation4
txn2 - operation3
txn2 - operation2
@Kiruphasankaran_Nataraj
In MongoDB, the order of operations within a single transaction is guaranteed to be maintained. However, the order of operations across multiple concurrent transactions is not guaranteed to be maintained. In other words, if two transactions are executed concurrently, the order in which the change events for each transaction appear in the database may not match the order in which the operations were executed. This is because MongoDB uses a multi-version concurrency control (MVCC) model which allows multiple transactions to execute concurrently and make changes to the same data, and the resulting order of operations may depend on the specific timing and order of those changes.
1 Like


text:
Erbil to Baghdad distance, location, road map and direction
Erbil is located in iraq
at the longitude of 44.01 and latitude of 36.21. Baghdad is located in Iraq
at the longitude of 44.36 and latitude of 33.31.
- Driving Distance : 366 KM and 237 meters / 227.6 miles.
- Straight Line Distance : 323 KM and 400 meters / 201 miles.
- Travel time : 7 hours and 16 minutes.
- Direction and bearing : South side, 174 degree.
Distance between Erbil and Baghdad
The total straight line distance between Erbil and Baghdad is 323 KM
(kilometers) and 400 meters. The miles based distance from Erbil to Baghdad is 201
miles. This is a straight line distance and so most of the time the actual travel distance between Erbil and Baghdad may be higher or vary due to curvature of the road.
The driving distance or the travel distance between Erbil to Baghdad is 366 KM and 237 meters. The mile based, road distance between these two travel point is 227.6 miles.
Time Difference between Erbil and Baghdad
The sun rise time difference or the actual time difference between Erbil and Baghdad is 0 hours, 1 minutes and 24 seconds
Erbil and Baghdad time calculation is based on UTC time of the particular city. It may vary from country standard time, local time etc.
Erbil To Baghdad travel time
Erbil is located around 323 KM away from Baghdad so if you travel at the consistent speed of 50 KM per hour you can reach Baghdad in 7 hours and 16 minutes. Your Baghdad travel time may vary due to your bus speed, train speed or depending upon the vehicle you use.
Midway point between Erbil To Baghdad
Mid way point or halfway place is a center point between source and destination location. The mid way point between Erbil and Baghdad is situated at the latitude of 34.759689360214 and the longitude of 44.188129396901. If you need refreshment you can stop around this midway place, after checking the safety,feasibility, etc.
Erbil To Baghdad road map
Baghdad is located nearly South
side to Erbil. The bearing degree from Erbil To Baghdad is 174 ° degree
. The given South direction from Erbil is only approximate. The given google map shows the direction in which the blue color line indicates road connectivity to Baghdad. In the travel map towards Baghdad you may find en route hotels, tourist spots, picnic spots, petrol pumps and various religious places. The given google map is not comfortable to view all the places as per your expectation then to view street maps, local places see our detailed map here.
Erbil To Baghdad driving direction
The following diriving direction guides you to reach Baghdad from Erbil. Our straight line distance may vary from google distance.
Travel Distance from Erbil
The onward journey distance may vary from downward distance due to one way traffic road. This website gives the travel information and distance for all the cities in the globe. For example if you have any queries like what is the distance between Erbil and Baghdad? and How far is Erbil from Baghdad?. Driving distance between Erbil and Baghdad. Erbil to Baghdad distance by road. Distance between Erbil and Baghdad is 320 KM / 199.2 miles. distance between Erbil and Baghdad by road. It will answer those queires aslo. Some popular travel routes and their links are given here :-
Travelers and visitors are welcome to write more travel information about Erbil and Baghdad.
- It can be your previous travel experience between Erbil and Baghdad.
- Available transport routes to reach Baghdad like train routes, bus routes, air routes and cruise routes.
- Tourist places or any other important places on the routes between Erbil and Baghdad.
- Hotels, restaurant information on the way to Baghdad.
- Photos related to Erbil and Baghdad or en route.
- Travel queries and other relavent information related to this page.


text:
VOOPOO VFL Operating Instructions:
How To Fill Liquid into VOOPOO VFL:
1. Pull up the silicone plug then fill in the liquid (see picture a). 2. Put back the silicone plug.
How To Assemble:
1. Connect the filled liquid pod with
The pod and the nozzle
VOOPOO VFL Kit Basic Functions:
- Power Button on/off: Press the power button on/off five times continuously within 2s, all gear position lights will be on for 3s.
- Vaping trigger mode: MIC trigger smoking mode
- Preheating: Press the preheat button 3 times continuously within 2s to start preheating the current set voltage gear lamp flashing prompt. The preheat cycle time is 15s. If you want to stop preheating, press the preheat button once or keep to vaping.
- Voltage setting: Press this button continuously within 2 times to switch over: 2.5v/3.0v/3.5v cycles
- Low battery power prompt charge: 3 Voltage level indicator light from high to low lamp lit after all on 2s, after five cycles then close the tips.
- Protection function: output short circuit protection, low power protection, overcharge and over discharge protection and vaping overtime protection.
VOOPOO VFL Charging:
How to charge:
Twist the bottom 90 degrees to find the USB port. When charging is complete, twist it back to its original.
Micro USB charging: 5V – 500mA;
When USB plug in to charge the device, 3 voltage indicator light flashing from bottom to top during


text:
There are various ways on how you can tell if your celery has gone bad, and we will discuss the most common ones below:
What happens if I eat bad celery?
The repercussions of eating lousy celery are apparently dangerous. It can turn to a severe food poisoning to severe stomach aches and vomiting.
How long does celery last in the refrigerator?
Answer: For the best results, keep celery heads whole, wrap them up tightly in aluminum foil, and then keep them in the refrigerator crisper drawer as usual. When stored this way, celery stalks can maintain their freshness anywhere from two to four weeks.
Is soggy celery bad?
Limp celery is fine to eat as long as it's not showing other sings of spoilage, such as whitened color or foul smell. It's sensitive to cold and can go limp if stored in too cold of temperatures, like in the bottom drawer of the fridge that's closest to the freezer. Limp celery will have lost its crispy crunch.
Is limp celery still good?
This is because celery is known to be quite sensitive to the cold. When exposed to low temperatures, celery can go limp. This tends to happen most frequently when you store celery in the drawer closet to the freezer. So while celery might lose its crunch and go limp, it's still actually still good to eat.
Why is my celery brown inside?
Rotting stalks in celery are often a sign of infection with the fungus Rhizoctonia solani. Stalk rot, also called crater rot or basal stalk rot, develops most frequently when the weather is warm and wet.
What are black spots on celery?
Late blight, Septoria apii. Late blight is a common fungus disease of celery in Connecticut which appears as small, circular, tan leaf and stem spots. Usually there are small, black dots scattered across the tan spots. Gelatinous threads of spores are exuded from these dots during wet weather.
Can you use limp celery in cooking?
Douse it in a smooth fennel sauce and bake for an unexpected gratin. Use the leaves in an updated chicken salad, with grapes, of course. Let it bring crunchiness to an all-season tabouli. For the truest of celery lovers, purée it into a juice and turn it into a granita.
How do you freshen celery limp?
All you have to do to revive celery is "soak a limp vegetable in water for a few hours and its cells will absorb water and reinflate. Crispness can also be enhanced by making sure that the vegetable is icy cold."
Why is my celery soft?
Limp celery is not really bad, it's just a bit dehydrated, and some other vegetables, it can be brought re-crisped. The procedure is simple. But wait.
What causes Hollow celery stalks?
Heat and drought are its two worst enemies, leaving it with hollow stalks and a stringy texture. Drought-stressed celery may even start to go to seed, leading to a bitter taste.
Does celery have a bad smell?
It may still be green or feel crisp but white and have a weak crunch. While it may still smell OK, it might be hard to detect if it has gone wrong. This is because rotten celery will have no odour. In addition, it might also be too soft to be edible.
Can celery be toxic?
Celery isn't likely to have any toxic effects as long as you take common-sense precautions such as washing your hands or any area of skin that touched the juice from celery, especially the green leafy leaves. Farmers and grocers are at particularly high risk for photosensitivity reactions from psoralens.
Do you need to refrigerate celery?
Refrigeration helps celery stay fresh longer, but celery does not have to be kept refrigerated for food safety. As long as the celery still looks and smells fresh, it should still be good to eat. Make sure to wash the celery carefully before eating it.
What does celery do for the female body?
Keeps your kidney and urinary bladder healthy: Celery is antiseptic in nature and can eliminate bladder disorders, kidney problems, and urinary tract infections in women. Helps in keeping cancer at bay: Celery contains phthalides, flavonoids, and polyacetylenes, which are considered cancer-fighting components.
How long can celery sit out?
Celery wilts within one to two days at room temperature and within two weeks if stored in the fridge. What is this? A whole head of celery wrapped in aluminum foil can last up to one week at room temperature and up to three or four weeks if stored in the crisper drawer.
Is raw celery good for you?
Celery is rich in vitamins and minerals with a low glycemic index. You'll enjoy vitamins A, K, and C, plus minerals like potassium and folate when you eat celery. It's also low in sodium. Plus, it's low on the glycemic index, meaning it has a slow, steady effect on your blood sugar.
Can u freeze celery stalks?
You can freeze celery, but it may lose some of its flavor and crispness. If frozen raw, this veggie lasts up to 2 months, while if you blanch it first, it retains more flavor and lasts 12–18 months.
Why is my celery going yellow?
If your celery has yellow leaves, the plant may have a nitrogen deficiency. The symptom of yellowing leaves begins in the oldest leaves, first gradually affecting all foliage and resulting in stunted plants. Feed the celery with a fertilizer high in nitrogen to correct the imbalance.
Why is celery so gross?
For something so empty that it actually burns calories to eat, celery has a strong taste. It just so happens that this taste is one of the most vile a tongue can experience.


text:
Water Project H2Ooooh! is a TV-series of 3D cartoon animations that were created based on story boards developed by Italian schools. In 2010 this initiative was devised by Gruppo Alcuni in collaboration with the UNESCO Venice Office and Rai Fiction.
With "Water Project H2Ooooh!" 6,000 students ages 6 to 16 from 280 Italian schools were actively engaged to create a storyboard (or in other words a series of drawings representing the main scenes of a cartoon) on the theme of water and the issues related to its use, to its exploitation and to its limited supply. The schools took part in an educational course which included videos, books, etc which on the one hand allowed children to learn about the creation of animated cartoons and on the other hand it also encouraged a greater understanding of the situation related to water resources in our world today.
The project has been carried out during the 2008-2009 and 2009-2010 school years and was aimed at all teachers open to participating in a creative activity on the theme of water and science with their Primary or early Secondary school classes. The result is a 3-D animated television series in English and Italian (Italian subtitles) with six Pet Pals as main characters focusing on the issue of water protection, which has been broadcast on the public national broadcaster Rai Due in May and June 2010.

source: HuggingFaceFW/fineweb-edu


The history of your name
The LENZA surname in the USA
Frequency Comparisons
Total Rank Frequency % Per million people
United States
United States (Current snapshot) 340 56246 0.000 1
United States (1880 census) 13 83573 0.000 0
Change since 1880 +327 +27327 0 N/A
Other Countries
Australia 0 0
United Kingdom 0 0
Top States for LENZA by Total
State Total Rank in State Frequency % Per million people
New York 91 18876 0.000 5
Florida 53 27863 0.000 3
New Jersey 44 20558 0.001 5
Illinois 33 35838 0.000 3
Pennsylvania 32 38775 0.000 3
Top States for LENZA by Frequency
State Total Rank in State Frequency % Per million people
New Jersey 44 20558 0.001 5
Delaware 4 25850 0.001 5
New York 91 18876 0.000 5
Massachusetts 29 23410 0.000 5
Rhode Island 4 25568 0.000 4
Figures for top states show firstly the states where most people called LENZA live. This obviously tends to be biased towards the most populous states. The second set of figures show where people called LENZA represent the biggest proportion of the population. So, in this case, there are more people called LENZA in New York than any other state, but you are more likely to find a LENZA by picking someone at random in New Jersey than anywhere else.
Classification and Origin of LENZA
Sorry, we don't have any origin and classification information for the LENZA surname.
Ethnic distribution of LENZA in the USA
Classification Total Percent
White (Caucasian) 315 92.65
White (Hispanic) 16 4.71
Asian/Pacific Less than 100 Insignificant
Black/African American Less than 100 Insignificant
Mixed Race Less than 100 Insignificant
Native American/Alaskan None reported 0
Ethnic distribution data shows the number and percentage of people with the LENZA surname who reported their ethnic background as being in these broad categories in the most recent national census.
Meaning of LENZA in historical publications
Sorry, we don't have any information on the meaning of LENZA.
Similar names to LENZA
The following names have similar spellings or pronunciations as LENZA.
Potential typos for LENZA
The following words are slight variants of LENZA that are likely to be possible typos or misspellings in written material.


Campus Photo
Lab Fume Hoods
Fume Hoods use 3 avg. homes worth of electricity
A typical CAV hood consumes the same energy as three average houses ($2500-$3000/year).
Why do hoods consume so much energy?
Because they constantly remove conditioned air (heated or cooled) from the lab without the ability to easily turn them off when not needed. It is like heating your home in the winter with the windows and doors open. Fans also contribute to energy consumption but the loss of conditioned air is by far the largest source of energy consumption.
Fume Hood
What is a Constant Air Volume (CAV) Hood?
A CAV hood is a fume hood which removes the same volume of conditioned air (heated or cooled) from the lab whether the sash is open or closed. So regardless of whether a hood is in use (sash up) or not (sash down), the flow of air from the lab, into the hood, and exhausted from the building is the same. To prevent air velocity from increasing as the sash is closed (reducing the bottom opening to the hood), a bypass opening widens (typically behind a grill near the top of the hood) as the sash is lowered.
How does a Variable Air Volume (VAV) Hood Save Energy?
Shut the Sash
In contrast to a CAV hood, a VAV hood reduces the volume of conditioned air being removed from the lab as the sash is lowered. So when a sash is up at the maximum safe working level, the VAV hood acts like a CAV hood removing a similar volume of conditioned air as a CAV hood, but as the sash is lowered, the volume of air being removed from the lab decreases. Unlike a CAV hood, a VAV hood does not have a bypass opening. Instead, to keep the air velocity from increasing as the sash is closed, the exhaust fan slows accordingly to keep a constant air speed.
 - Keeping a sash completely closed on a VAV hood can greatly reduce the hood's energy consumption. Some say consumption can drop by up to 60%, but it really depends upon the conditions in the lab where the hood is located.
 - On CU-Boulder's campus, you can tell if your hood is VAV by looking for the "Shut the Sash!" sticker with a black hand (shown on this page).
How many fume hoods does CU-Boulder have?
 Approximately 350 CAV and 60 VAV
Are there plans in place to reduce fume hood energy consumption on campus?
Fume hoods are absolutely fundamental to lab safety. Our teaching and research activities at the same time present a major energy conservation opportunity.
Near Term Strategy:
Our goal is to educate and remind our students and lab staff to lower and close sashes when VAV hoods are not in use to save energy and conserve needed make up air in lab buildings (using educational posters and stickers). We will also work with researchers to find out if any teaching or research CAV hoods are no longer needed due to changing research requirements. If that is the case, we will offer a very simple and user friendly program as well as incentive to retire unused CAV hoods, without any compromises to safety.
Long Term Strategy:
Our goal is to create funding opportunities to replace all 350 CAV fume hoods overtime with high performance energy efficient VAV hoods. This is a major undertaking with an extremely high energy conservation opportunity with high upfront investment. While funding opportunities are being reviewed, it makes very good common sense to partner with campus EH&S as well as lab managers and researchers to decide which hoods are connected (exhausting costly conditioned air 24x7) but are not in use. Retire these idle hoods as prerequisite to our long term investment for hoods upgrade.
You can find our Fume Hood removal form here.
Contact Info:
Kathy Ramirez-Aguilar, Ph.D.
CU Green Labs Program Manager


Why do Trout Jump Out of the Water?
Ever wondered why do trout jump out of the water? I was taken by surprise the first time I saw a trout fly out of the water, but I've learned it's actually fairly common. Trout jump out of the water to catch insects, relieve irritation from lice and parasites, or shake hooks out of their mouth.
Sometimes trout may need to jump to get away from dangerous predators or adjust their temperature too.
Here's the scoop on the top reasons why trout jump out of water.
 - Trout jump to eat
 - Trout Jump to remove parasites
 - Trout jump to shake hooks
 - Trout jump to escape predators
 - Trout jump to adjust temperature and bladder
Why Do Trout Jump Out of the Water?
Trout are similar to salmon with their jumping, which may happen both when they are swimming around or caught on a line. Brook trout are the smallest and don't jump much compared to large rainbow trout that jump a lot while moving upstream.
The main reasons why trout jump include catching insects to eat, removing irritants like lice or parasites, and getting rid of fishing hooks.
It's in trout's natural instincts to jump, and the force of their jumping can clear out their mouths to keep them comfortable and healthy. Sometimes they may jump to escape predators or adjust their temperature, too. It's pretty impressive how high trout can jump – around 4-5 feet or even higher in some cases.
A lot of times trout just need to jump 1-2 feet in the air to shake free of anything irritating them or catch a tasty treat like crunchy insects.
Trout Jump to Eat
One of the top motivators for jumping trout is their diet. Like most fish, trout will eat almost any food that's available to them, especially aquatic and terrestrial insects.
Trout may feed on leeches, worms, crustaceans, and smaller fish, but insects are the easiest to eat and are found both underwater and above the water's surface.
While trout can eat underwater, if they want something on top of the water like caddisflies, mayflies, midges, or stoneflies, they may swim up fast and jump.
These insects hatch on top of the water, generating a trout feeding frenzy where jumping comes in handy. Mayflies are especially popular for hungry trout because they fly low to the surface, so light jumping is enough to secure a good source of food.
Trout Jump to Get Rid of Parasites
Trout are susceptible to lice, leeches, external protozoa, and parasites, which may hitch a ride on their scales and gills. These tiny creatures are often a source of irritation for trout, but jumping out of the water creates a good splash to effectively clean themselves and eliminate lice or other parasitic insects.
Lake trout are most affected by parasites, but they are smart enough to solve the irritation by leaping in and out of the water. Lake trout are likely to jump to get rid of uncomfortable and irritating parasites, which will come loose as the fish hits the water.
Trout Jump to Shake Hooks
Why do Trout Jump Out of the Water?
It's understandable that trout, or any other fish for that matter, want to shake free of hooks in the mouth or throat. That's hard to do underwater, but trout have a forceful enough jump to dislodge hooks when they come splashing back down.
Whether it's a stubborn hook stuck in their mouth or they've just hit the line, trout will do what they can to relieve the discomfort.
Trout may flip and flop as you're reeling them in, or even breach the water unexpectedly in an effort to free themselves of the hook. It's at this point that angles may lose a hooked trout if it starts frenzied jumping.
Trout Jump to Escape Predators
Trout may also have to jump to get away from predators if fast swimming won't suffice. Ospreys, pelicans, eagles, and herons like to feast on trout if they can pluck them out of the water. Jumping gives trout the chance to move out of the way and confuse predators.
This is also true for bears, raccoons, and river otters, which use their front paws to grab hold of trout underwater. Trout propel upwards out of the water to escape from predators' grasp, although they will need to keep jumping and swim fast to stay safe from large, powerful mammals.
Trout jump higher when they are scared, and fear may push them to jump up to 12x their own length.
Animal predators are one thing, and anglers are another. Trout are notoriously shy and picky, and if they get startled by a line, hook, or bait, they may jump in response to the stress.
Trout may also get spooked by watercraft, which is why you could see them jumping alongside your boat.
Trout Jump to Adjust Temperature and Bladder
Trout are cold-blooded with body temperatures that change based on the surrounding water. Trout prefer water temps between 45 and 65 degrees Fahrenheit. When trout feel cold in water below 50 degrees, they will eventually need to jump to warm up.
Jumping is a good way for trout to quickly improve their temps, which is important because they may slow down and even develop serious illness from hypothermia if they don't move enough in cold waters.
Adjusting temperature isn't the only body regulation benefit from trout jumping. Trout can readjust their bladder by jumping. As the swim bladder fills up and bulges, its increased volume displaces water and makes trout more buoyant.
Eventually, the fish float up toward the surface before jumping. This action readjusts and deflates the swim bladder, which brings buoyancy levels down too.
Conclusion
When you're on the lake or river, you may notice trout jumping. Rainbow trout, brown trout, and lake trout are more likely to jump than small brown trout, although any of these fish can leap up and out of the water.
The main reasons why trout jump out of the water is to eat insects like mayflies and stoneflies, shake off parasites and hooks, and get out of the way of predators. Jumping also helps with trout temperature regulation and bladder readjustment.


text:
Mark Nozzle Orientation on Dish Fabrication:
I would like to explain in this post how to mark the nozzle on the dishes or heads through the use of fabrication methods and terms. By using AutoCAD software how to mark the nozzles on the exact position with proper angles and radius as follows.
Nozzle Orientation process in AutoCAD:
- First, observe the dish or head outer diameter with measurement tape or with any other types of equipment as your wish.
- After that plan, the elevation and how many nozzles are required for the dish. I already mention the all the details in the below AutoCAD drawing tutorial you can check the video.
- Then after mark the centre point on the top of dish with a marker by measuring the four parts. That means to divide the 360 degrees into four parts then you get each part 90 degrees.
- Draw one of the horizontal and vertical lines to form a centre point of the top dish.
- consider how many nozzles are required for example in this I am taking 8 nozzles. divide this by 360 degrees then you get each nozzle angle.
- 360 degrees/8 nozzles are equal to 45 degrees.
- Then you get each degree angle of all eight nozzles are 45 degrees
- This is easy to draw in AutoCAD with exact angles coming to fabrication terms it is somewhat difficult the process as follows:
- Mark the dish centre by using a dot-punch
- Check the OCF of the dish
- Example: 5232 mm OCF of the dish
= 5232 mm/360 degrees
= 14.81 degrees (each degree)
4. Example: The radius of the nozzle orientation is 645 mm
5. Mark the radius on the top of the dish with a large divider with the exact measurement and you can also adjust the measurements.
6. At the end of the dish measure the OCF of the dish after that list out all the angles where you want to place the angles for example:
0 to 60 degrees x 14.81 degrees = 888.6 mm
60 to 90 degrees x 14.81 degrees = 444.3 mm
90 to 120 degrees x 14.81 degrees = 444.3 mm
Like this, you can measure the all the angles with this process.
7. After getting the all the angles mark the distance at the bottom end of the circular dish with measuring tape and marker or dot punch.
8. after intersecting the all the dots with the centre point of the top dish then you can observe the angles on the Radius of the orientation and place the nozzles.
- Check the actual Radius (R)
- Check the pipe sizes equal or not
- Measure the lengths and angles properly with measurement tape
- Maintain the pipe cutting gap should be 10 mm
- After cut the orientation by the plasma torch.
- Fabricate the all the nozzles as per standards sch40, sch80 and ASA 150# SORF flanges Table-E PCD or normal as per client requirements.
Watch Full video:


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Many mobile-optimized websites disable zooming using the viewport meta tag. I'd like a way to re-enable zooming on such sites.
share|improve this question
1 Answer 1
In lieu of a better solution, I wrote a bookmarklet to re-enable zooming.
It seems to work in the Android Browser at least.
javascript: document.querySelector('meta[name=viewport]').content = 'width=device-width; initial-scale=1.0; maximum-scale=3.0; user-scalable=1;'; void(0);
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text: The Nameless School & Cemetery Park is a small neighborhood park managed by a non-profit community group. Nameless, a former community located near modern-day Lago Vista, was settled in the 1860s. Eventually, the residents petitioned for a post office; after several applications with name suggestions were rejected, the locals decided to name their community Nameless. The post office opened in 1880 but was discontinued in 1890 due to a lack of growth in population. The buildings of the town were torn down or fell into disrepair over the years. The Nameless school house, a one-room building built in 1909, is the only structure from Nameless that exists today.


IMG 9590 crop
Wood mosaic 4
IMG 9782
IMG 9083
MG 3035
Wood-mosaic has a long history in the Levant, and it is of particular significance to artisans in Damascus. It is often created using a number of different woods, such as walnut, olive, eucalyptus, cherry, lemon, and rose woods. Mother-of-pearl can also be used. The woods are cut into strips and fitted together to create a design, forming long trunks stored by artisans for future pieces. The artisan will select the trunk to use and slice it, and this slice will then be inlaid into wood to create a geometric design. Detailed and intricate wood-mosaic has now all but disappeared as artisans produce less complex designs. In Jordan, a small community of wood-mosaic artisans are practising and preserving the craft by passing their knowledge to a new generation of apprentices.


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This example demonstrates how to share resources between appointments to create multi-resource appointments. To assign any appointment to several resources, open the Edit Appointment form and select the required resources in the drop-down list.
Note: Resource sharing is not enabled by default. To use this feature you should set the ResourceSharing property to true. Make sure that your data table structure is appropriate for resource sharing, since the mapped ResourceID field will hold xml string data.


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_USER_.org | Hubzilla Development
I want to sync items of two tables
faces_encoding and faces_person to a channels clone.
Do you think the following is a good approach?
Example for face encodings:
- Create an item (in table item).
- Use column item.app=faces and item.title=encoding to find (all of them) later on.
- Store a face encoding (content of a row in faces_encoding) in column item.obj
- Store the hash of the item in the encoding (faces_encoding.file_hash)
- Use item.sync_an_item($channel_id,$item_id)
- Before the channels clone starts a face recognition (it is always only triggered manually by the user via browser)
- Select all items using item.app=faces AND item.title=encoding
- Read the encodings from the items and write the encodings if new or changed
Depending on how it goes I would change it, e.g.
- Sync an image with all encodings instead each encoding separately.
- Of course I have store the file (image) hash in each encoding.
Do you can imagine a completely different way of syncing the data?
Is attach more appropriate or iconfig or...?
Once it works for ZAP I would port it to Hubzilla.
Many thanks in advance.


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Definition of Glycoprotein
Glycoprotein: A molecule that consists of a carbohydrate plus a protein.
Glycoproteins play essential roles in the body. For instance, in the immune system almost all of the key molecules involved in the immune response are glycoproteins.
A glycopeptide is similar in structure to a glycoprotein but has a shorter chain of amino acids.Source: MedTerms™ Medical Dictionary
Last Editorial Review: 6/14/2012
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Sahera Khan is Muslim, Deaf and British South Asian, her native language is British Sign Language. She lives in London and is a freelance writer/creator, artist/actress, filmmaker and YouTuber.
Sahera's first breakthrough professional performance was at the Victoria and Albert Museum in a pop-up performance The Fruit and Vegetable Olympics in Spring 2019. She is a member of 1623 Theatre Company and is a trustee and Media Relations Officer for the Deaf Ethnic Women's Association, supporting D/deaf Ethnic women and girls to achieve better quality of life, rights, education and employment. She also does occasional support work with D/deaf children.
We talk to Sahera about her journey into the creative industries, how the creative sector can be more accessible and how her faith influences her creative practice.
You have a multiplicity of creative skills including writing, acting and filmmaking. How did you develop a career in the creative sector?
My creativity was learnt through education, as I joined short courses to develop my writing which then went onto writing my own stories which I thoroughly enjoy. I wrote nine kindle books and my short film 'He Stood Me Up' for BSL Zone and was commissioned. This then led me into acting and filmmaking, which I had developed through short courses and workshops. This experience built my confidence and my creative skills, however, I am still learning and attending some courses, workshops and researching information.
As a Muslim, Deaf and British South Asian woman, how does your identity affect your creative practice?
My identity is very important such as my religion and being deaf, of course there are some barriers being deaf within my creative practice. Such as accessing hearing creative industries. For example I need British Sign Language Interpreter, it is also rare to find Muslim roles for the stage or screen.
Your native language is British Sign Language, do you feel the arts and cultural sector accommodate people who are deaf or does more need to be done in terms of access and inclusion?
Yes and no. It really depends on whether organisations can offer access and inclusion including paying for BSL Interpreters. I feel it is important everyone is included; diversity should be both accessible and inclusive in the creative sector.
How does your faith as a Muslim influence your creative practice?
My faith is important to me, my writing, acting and videos relate to my faith. I have written and performed a short play 'Am I Dulhan Yet?' and I adapted a storytelling piece 'The Cockerel and the Fox' which explore my identity through faith. My faith influences me to allow creativity in my stories and experience.
What do you enjoy most, writing, acting and filmmaking and why?
I enjoy acting the most, because when I was young I always want to be actor. As I matured and understood the entertainment industry and arts cultural sector better, I realised it could relate to my faith. I like to read the scripts, filmed, meeting new people and I liked to see my face on a variation of screens.
You recently premiered your new show No Words, No Safety about Deaf and Disabled women's safety. What do you hope the audience gains from the show?
I hope the audience understood that my work as a BSL performer was relevant to recent events taken place in the United Kingdom. I hope it impacted women about their safety and to escape from dangerous situations such as domestic violence.
What is the most memorable moment of your career so far?
My most memorable moment of my career was 'Throwaways' (on stage) from Lambert Jackson production. It was an amazing and high profile production with performers from the West End.
As a volunteer trustee and Media Relations Officer for the Deaf Ethnic Women's Association, you support D/deaf Ethnic women and girls to achieve better quality of life, rights, education and employment. Why is this important to you?
Deaf Ethnic Women's Association (DEWA) is a campaign to support deaf women and their rights, it is important to me to support DEWA and supporting women. This is a very unique organisation and rare. Through my support, I have also learnt about DEWA and receive regular updates and training, including how we support, how to apply for grants. Through my role, I have learnt about different issues such as forced marriage, mental health and isolation.
What does the future of Islamic arts and culture look like to you? What are the opportunities and potential?
Inshallah, I would like to see more Muslim creative's in arts and culture; theatres, TV and films, also to stop the negative portrayal of Muslims on film. I would like to see Deaf Muslim artists and hearing Muslim artist's integrate and also encourage hearing artists to learn British Sign Language and Deaf Awareness. Finally, potentially create a platform for Muslim Creative's Directory over the world for opportunities to network and more.
For more information check out _URL_
The views of the artists, authors and writers who contribute to Bayt Al Fann do not necessarily reflect the views and opinions of Bayt Al Fann, its owners, employees and affiliates.


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The Estimation of Age and Analyses of the Growth Rate Piliostigma thonningii (Schum.) Milne-Redhead in the Guinea Savanna Zone of Nigeria
Estimates of age and analyses of growth rate of Piliostigma thonningii were made by counting rings and measuring ring widths in those plants that formed distinct rings. In the others, with indistinct rings or no rings, the regression method was used to estimate the ages, using known ages and girths to derive a regression equation. There was a high correlation coefficient between age and girth (r = 0.96), less so between age and mean annual growth increment (r = 0.71) and much less so between age and bark thickness (r = 0.54). The estimated mean annual growth increment (cm) for all the tress sampled was 1.07 ± 0.23 (at 95% confidence limit).


text: Gamma-irradiated potassium hydroquinone monosulfonate (PHM) single crystals were investigated between 125 and 300 K using the electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) technique. Between 125 and 300 K no changes in the spectra have taken place. The spectra were found to be temperature independent. The investigation of EPR spectra of irradiated single crystals of PHM showed the presence of two PHM anion radicals. The g values of the radiation damage centers observed in the PHM single crystal and the hyperfine structure constants of the free electron with nearby protons were obtained.


text: Pairwise "same-cluster" queries are one of the most widely used forms of supervision in semi-supervised clustering. However, it is impractical to ask human oracles to answer every query correctly. In this paper, we study the influence of allowing "not-sure" answers from a weak oracle and propose an effective algorithm to handle such uncertainties in query responses. Two realistic weak oracle models are considered where ambiguity in answering depends on the distance between two points. We show that a small query complexity is adequate for effective clustering with high probability by providing better pairs to the weak oracle. Experimental results on synthetic and real data show the effectiveness of our approach in overcoming supervision uncertainties and yielding high quality clusters.


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Crush & Sweep (Form)
Enable form by tapping the spheres of both controllers together Motion controllers touch spheres.
Move the controllers Primary motion controller Secondary motion controller to flatten your shape until it becomes a white outline.
Press Secondary motion controller T button to set shape.the secondary T button
Hold Primary motion controller T button and move the primary controller Primary motion controller to sweep the shape out.the primary T button
This is great for making buildings - use stay upright to restrict rotation.Next: Spin
The Dreams User Guide is a work-in-progress. Keep an eye out for updates as we add more learning resources and articles over time.


text: To reduce the chance of traffic crashes, many driver monitoring systems (DMSs) have been developed. A DMS warns the driver under abnormal driving conditions. However, traditional approaches require enumerating abnormal driving conditions. In this paper, we propose a novel DMS, which models the driver's normal driving statuses based on sparse reconstruction. The proposed DMS compares the driver's statuses with his/her personal normal driving status model and identifies abnormal driving statuses that greatly change the driver's appearances. The experimental results show good performance of the proposed DMS to detect variant abnormal driver conditions.


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Definitions of done
The word done uses 4 letters:deno.
DONE is playable in:
p. p. - of Do 2
- p. p. from Do, and formerly the infinitive. 2
infinitive. - Performed; executed; finished. 2
infinitive. - It is done or agreed; let it be a match or bargain; -- used elliptically. 2
a. - Given; executed; issued; made public; -- used chiefly in the clause giving the date of a proclamation or public act. 2
Direct anagrams of done
Words found within done through unscramble
No unscramble words found in Words With Friends word list.
Words formed by adding one letter


Home What is a Cloud Access Security Broker (CASB)?
What is a Cloud Access Security Broker (CASB)?
by Ahsan MuGhaL
What is a Cloud Access Security Broker (CASB)
What is a Cloud Access Security Broker (CASB)? Cybercriminals are leveraging technology to improve their malware and get past standard security policies deployed to cloud infrastructures. Therefore, businesses must integrate modern technology with their remote workplaces to improve network security and mitigate the risks of attacks.
What is a Cloud Access Security Broker (CASB)
One option is to deploy a Cloud Access Security Broker from an SSE Vendor to address risks in your cloud services. The goal is to enforce security policies through cloud-centric security capabilities that provide safe access to users. Since hybrid working is expanding, organizations must secure their remote and mobile employees while protecting the data and apps.
Understanding CASB
Cloud Access Security Broker is a cloud-based security policy enforcer that you can place between your cloud service and the consumers. You can use CASB to improve the enforceability of the security policies as your remote employees access cloud resources. Organizations prefer CASB as it can address security gaps in SaaS, PaaS, and IaaS environments.
Pillars of a CASB Solution
CASB is an integral part of enterprise security due to the following four pillars:
 1. Visibility
 Organizations require better visibility and control over their managed and unmanaged cloud services. Instead of an allow or block stance, CASB can allow users to access useful services while retaining governing access to activities and data within critical services.
 Even when CASB focuses on cloud security, it can help you control your cloud expenses. You can use it to discover all cloud services, generate a report regarding your cloud expenses, and detect redundancies in cloud functionalities.
 2. Compliance
 Organizations take compliance into consideration as they decide to move to the cloud. Regulatory agencies have designed compliance standards to ensure the safety and integrity of data. However, if an organization ignores these concerns, it can lead to costly data breaches.
 CASB ensures compliance with GDPR or any other regulatory agency as you use the cloud to facilitate your remote workforce. Therefore, it can assist in safeguarding your organization against data breaches while maintaining security policies defined by data regulators.
 3. Data security
 Organizations need to leverage sophisticated cloud DLP detection mechanisms like document fingerprinting and reduce the detection surface area to achieve accuracy. CASB solution shuttles suspected violations whenever it detects sensitive content in transit.
 You can use CASB to conduct deep threat observations to help your company identify and stop malware before it compromises your network security. Therefore, it acts as a gatekeeper to facilitate security.
 4. Threat protection
 Organizations must ensure that their employees are not introducing malware into the cloud resources. If your employee tries to upload an infected file across your external and internal network, CASB scans and remediates threats in real time. It can also detect and prevent unauthorized access to your cloud services, assisting in detecting compromised accounts.
What CASB Offers to Their Users
CASB contains unique security features that provide extensive control over your cloud applications. These features may include:
 - Cloud governance
 - Risk Assessment
 - Data Loss Prevention
 - Configuration auditing
 - Malware detection
 - Data encryption and key management
 - SSO and IAM integration
How a CASB Solution Works
Since a Cloud Access Security Blocker provides visibility and control over cloud infrastructures to meet security requirements through a three-step process:
 1. Discovery
 A CASB solution leverages auto-discovery to compile a list of third-party services and provides insights into who is utilizing them at a specified timestamp.
 2. Classification
 Once a CASB solution understands cloud usage, it determines the risks associated with each application by displaying the data and showing how the system shares it.
 3. Remediation
 After determining the relative risk of every application, the CASB uses the information to define security policies to secure the organization's data and restrict user access to meet security requirements.
How to deploy a CASB solution
CASB focuses on simplicity and ease of access; you can deploy it to your on-premises or cloud infrastructure. However, there are three CASB deployment models you can consider:
 1. API control
 Ideal for organizations that want comprehensive coverage to enhance visibility into threats and data stored on the cloud.
 2. Reverse proxy
 Ideal for organizations that want to allow access to devices that are located outside the network security perimeter.
 3. Forward proxy
 Ideal for organizations that want to boost their endpoint protection while managing a remote workforce.
CASB Use Cases
Here are three CASB use cases that can help you build to improve your network security
Governing usage
CASBs are known for their efficiency in detecting shadow IT behaviours and enhancing security across the organization. You can use CASB to govern how your employees use the organization's cloud resources through granular visibility and control. CASB also allows organizations to govern cloud usage by evaluating identities, services, activities, and applications.
You can also define policies according to service category or risk by defining enforcement actions like block, alert, encrypt, or quarantine. CASB makes it easier for your IT team to improve their internal monitoring and take action against users that do not follow security policies.
Securing data
CASB makes it easier to protect and prevent sensitive data loss across your organization's cloud services. You can use DLP policies to discover sensitive data on sanctioned or unsanctioned cloud services. You can use CASB to combat data loss through encryption, tokenization, or upload prevention.
Protecting yourself
You can use CASB to safeguard your organization's cloud against various threats like malware or ransomware. You can start setting up SSL-encrypted connections; you can use anomaly detection to detect unusual user behaviour on the cloud, while threat intelligence will help you detect compromised or at-risk accounts.
CASB also layers static and dynamic anti-malware detection algorithms combined with machine learning to detect and mitigate the risks of ransomware. Additionally, you can use the information generated by a CASB solution to improve your security infrastructure through numerous API integrations and workflows.
Conclusion
Organizations need stringent security policies to protect their data from malware and ransomware as they increase their remote working capabilities. The most effective approach is to deploy a CASB solution to improve the enforceability of your security policies on the cloud while monitoring the users to detect unusual behaviour.
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Dead Children's Playground – Huntsville, Alabama - Atlas Obscura
Dead Children's Playground
Cemeteries can be boring for kids. The weight and import of death has not truly sunk in yet, so the cool headstones and elaborate grave markers must just seem like awesome rocks to play on, but no one will let them. They are going to live forever, so why is everyone so sad?
Well in a park space adjoining Alabama's Maple Hill Cemetery, the largest and oldest in the state, there is a small playground where they can have a place to release that energy. Of course this cemetery playground sees more ghost hunters and teenagers than bored children.
It seems like simple math that a sparse playground built on the grounds of a century-old cemetery would come to have a reputation more sinister than silly, but the planners put it in anyway.The small array of simple playground equipment includes swings, and a modern jungle gym. It is set in a low spot of the graveyard and surrounded by rocks and trees on three sides, making it all the more claustrophobic.
As the historic cemetery began running out of room in 2007, officials from the city of Huntsville decided to raze the play area to make room for more burials. Yet the locals were so outraged at the loss of their playground that a new playground was built, bringing the site back from the dead, so to speak.
Today the playground is known to locals as Dead Children's Playground and the mundane site has accumulated a deep catalogue of supernatural associations. As the believers would tell it, the swings can often be found to sway by themselves, spheres of cold ghost light can be seen floating around, and even the spectres of little kids have been spotted having a little midnight fun.
Dead Children's Playground, where kids can have the time of their afterlife.
Know Before You Go
The playground is located at the end of Newport Drive which is just off of McClung Ave SE. You can use Google Maps to map you there by typing in Dead Children's Playground. To access the park from inside the cemetery, you can park near section 40 and walk up the hill. You'll see a pavilion and the park is just the left of that.
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Craft of the Harvest
Join the curators for an in-depth tour of the current exhibition featuring art made from cultivated plant sources.
When: Saturday, Nov. 17, 2012, 2 p.m.
Where: Casa Dolores, 1023 Bath St., Santa Barbara
Age limit: All ages
The exhibit features art made from cultivated plant sources such as gourds, coconuts, cornhusks, palm leaves, and various types of straw. You will learn about some of the regional plants in Mexico, as well as many different artistic techniques that craftspeople use to create these utilitarian and decorative pieces.
Event posted Nov. 12, 2012
Last updated Nov. 16, 2012


text: Nepali Rope Incense belongs to the long tradition of family cottage industries in the Himalayas. Almost all young children learn to twist ropes from their grandparents and eventually teach their own children or grandchildren. The ropes are produced in large quantities by farmers and other villagers during the off season. High quality aromatic medicinal herbs are gathered and dried. Herbs used have fumigation qualities and purify the atmosphere when burned. Lokta paper made from the Daphne bush is used to contain the herbs. The herbal blend is placed in the paper and given an artistic twist to create the rope like strands.


text:
See what questions
a doctor would ask.
Forceps: Forceps are a hand-held medical instrument with a beak used during surgery to grasp tissues for dissection and suturing. Most surgical forceps have a serrated surface tip, or teeth for firmly grasping tissue without a crushing force. Forceps may also be used for picking up objects. Forceps are commonly known as tweezers outside the medical community.
These devices are types of the medical device Forceps:
These other medical devices are related to Forceps:
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text:
Definition of Sensitivity
Sensitivity: 1. In psychology, the quality of being sensitive. As, for example, sensitivity training, training in small groups to develop a sensitive awareness and understanding of oneself and of ones relationships with others. 2. In disease epidemiology, the ability of a system to detect epidemics and other changes in disease occurrence. 3. In screening for a disease, the proportion of persons with the disease who are correctly identified by a screening test. 4. In the definition of a disease, the proportion of persons with the disease who are correctly identified by defined criteria.Source: MedTerms™ Medical Dictionary
Last Editorial Review: 6/14/2012
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text:
From Ohio History Central
Cass Gilbert was a well-known American Architect in the late nineteenth and early twentieth centuries.
Gilbert was born in Zanesville, Ohio, on November 24, 1859. His father died in 1868, and Gilbert found a job working as a surveyor in a local architect's office. It was there that he gained an interest in architecture. He studied for a year at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology before traveling to Europe to obtain additional training.
Gilbert began to make a name for himself as an architect after designing Minnesota's new state capitol building in 1896. His design was chosen for a new United States Customs building in New York City, and he designed the Woolworth Building as well. In 1908, Gilbert was elected president of the American Institute of Architects. Later in his career, he was chosen to be president of the National Institute of Arts and Letters, an honorary member of the Royal Institute of British Architects, and a member of the French Legion of Honor. He also served on the National Commission of Fine Arts. Gilbert's best-known design was the United States Supreme Court building in Washington, DC.
Cass Gilbert died in England in 1934.


By an Aronszajn tree, I mean a tree of height $\omega_1$ with countable levels and no branch. Such a tree is Souslin if it has no uncountable antichains and special if it can be written as the countable union of antichains. It is well known that there is both a ccc forcing and a $\sigma$-closed forcing for adding Souslin trees and, given any Aronszajn tree $T$ (Souslin or otherwise) there is a ccc forcing for specializing $T$. Therefore we can add Souslin trees, and then specialize them, giving us new special Aronszajn trees. In this post I have a variety of questions about forcings which add Aronszajn trees that are neither special nor Souslin. The most basic of these is as follows.
Question 1: What are some of the most common ways of forcing to add an Aronszajn tree which is neither Souslin nor special? In this post Mohammad Golshani cites a theorem that immediately implies that such trees exist under certain $\diamondsuit$ hypotheses. Therefore forcings to add diamonds suffice but I'm curious whether there is a more explicit forcing where the generic is actually the tree.
My next question is about killing Souslin-ness (or whatever it's called) without specializing.
Question 2: Suppose $T$ is Souslin. Does there exist a forcing notion $\mathbb P$ such that in $V^\mathbb P$, $T$ is still Aronszajn but no longer Souslin and also not special?
I'm also curious about these questions in the case of fat Aronszajn trees: Aronszajn trees with the requirement of countable levels removed. The same ccc specializing forcing works to make such trees special so under MA all such trees are special. I'm curious whether non-special fat Aronszajn trees can be built by hand using forcing.
Question 3: What forcings will add a fat, non-special Aronszajn tree?
 - 2
 $\begingroup$ In these notes math.cmu.edu/~eschimme/Appalachian/EisworthMooreNotes.pdf a forcing to kill an A-tree is provided. It answers your second question. (Page 17.) $\endgroup$ – Not Mike Jan 12 '18 at 22:18
 - $\begingroup$ Regarding question 2, I suggest the following: suppose $T$ is the given Souslin tree and suppose all of its levels be countable. Let $P$ be the forcing notion for adding an antichain into $T$ using conditions which are finite antichains of $T$. The forcing is c.c.c and adds an uncountable antichain in $T$. I think $T$ is not special in the extension but I did not check it. $\endgroup$ – Mohammad Golshani Jan 14 '18 at 4:52
 - $\begingroup$ I may mention that the work of Laver-shelah to kill all $\aleph_2$-Soulin trees uses similar forcing using countable antichains. $\endgroup$ – Mohammad Golshani Jan 14 '18 at 4:52
 - $\begingroup$ _USER_ Mike thank you I'll check that out! $\endgroup$ – Corey Bacal Switzer Jan 15 '18 at 13:31
 - $\begingroup$ _USER_ Golshani Thanks as well. For both of the forcings you suggest do you know of a reference I can look at? $\endgroup$ – Corey Bacal Switzer Jan 15 '18 at 13:31
Regarding your comment before Question 3, you mean all such trees with size $<\mathfrak{m}$ are special. In particular, it doesn't say anything about trees of size $\geq 2^{\omega}$. Indeed, $T(\mathbb{R})$ where elements are bounded well ordered subsets of $\mathbb{R}$ ordered by end-extension is not special. It definitely has no uncountable branches.
For question 1, you can first add a Suslin tree (there are various ways of doing this), of which the most straightfoward one is to use countable well-pruned trees with end-extension (due to Jech). For the second step (which also gives yet another answer to the second question), you can pick $S\subset \omega_1$ that is stationary and co-stationary, and use a Shelah style forcing $Q(T,S)$ to make $T$ $S$-st-special (this means there exists a regressive function $f$ whose domain is $T\restriction S$ such that $t