In this unit,you will
1 read about the Aswan Dam project.
2 listen to a news report and talk about culture and history.
3 write a news report about someone who works to protect cultural heritage.
4 learn about world cultural heritage sites.
## Look and discuss
1 What do you know about the place in the photo?
2 What do you think of when you hear the phrase "cultural heritage"?
## Listening and Speaking
## Take part in a youth project
1 Before you listen,look at the pictures below. What are the students doing?
2 Listen to the conversation and choose the main idea.
A Students from different countries are working creatively to protect a temple in China.
B Youths from seven countries are working together to protect cultural relics on Mount Tai.
C Doing a project on cultural heritage protection in China is interesting and exciting.
ค 3 Listen again and help the reporter to complete the interview notes.
International youth project,high school students from 7 countries
Mount Tai,one of the most mountains in China
It has been for more than 3,000 years.
22 temples,around 1,800 with writing on them
Dai Temple on;over 6,000
4 Practise using context clues to guess the meaning of new words. Look at the example and fill in the blank.
## EXAMPLE
The palace was destroyed years ago. By studying old photos of the former palace,they have made the new one look exactly like the old one.
Clues: destroyed years ago;studying old photos;made the new palace like the old one
Guess: The former palace means "the palace that
Use context to guess words
To guess the meaning of new words,look at the other words and use what you know about the topic. ค. 5 Listen to the conversation again and use the context to guess the meaning of the words below. Tick the reason why you were able to guess the words.
| Reason | Preserve | Promote | Cypress |
| :--- | :--- | :--- | :--- |
| The word is an example of a group/type I know. |  |  |  |
| The word is explained by the speaker. |  |  |  |
| The word means the opposite of a word I know. |  |  |  |
| The word means the same as a word I know. |  |  |  |
| I know the general meaning of the word. |  |  |  |
| The speaker gives an example of the word. |  |  |  |
6 Help the reporter to complete the news report based on what you hear and the interview notes.
## International Youth Camp Members Create Mount Tai App
Tai'an,18 June 2019. A group of high school students who are taking part in an international youth camp at Mount Tai are creating $a(n)$ about China's most famous mountain. The purpose of the camp is to Mount Tai by introducing it to young people in a fun and easy way. The students are making an app about Mount Tai and taking photos of the and stones. The volunteers also visit middle schools in the area in order to talk to local teenagers. Liu Bin,a member of the camp,says
that he is to help Mount Tai as people have done for more than 3,000 years.
7 Work in pairs and discuss the questions.
1 Would you like to take part in a project like this?Why or why not?
2 Could you think of more ways to protect the cultural heritage?Write them down.
## - Pronunciation
A1 Listen and tick the word that you hear.
$1 \square$ present / $\square$ pleasant $\quad 2 \square$ crew / $\square$ grew $\quad 3 \square$ scream / $\square$ cream
$4 \square$ exist / $\square$ exists $\quad 5 \square$ twelve / $\square$ twelfth $\quad 6 \square$ confident / $\square$ confused
Check your answers with a partner. Then listen again and repeat.
2 Read the sentences and pay attention to the underlined words.
$1 \square$ Yuanmingyuan?Just across the street. / $\square$ Yuanmingyuan?Just cross the street.
$2 \square$ Bruce referred to the guidebook. / $\square$ Bruce preferred the guidebook.
$3 \square$ The dragon followed its tail. / $\square$ The dragon followed its trail.
$4 \square$ It is a different context. / $\square$ It is a different contest.
$5 \square$ The trays were dark green. / $\square$ The trains were dark green.
ก 3 Listen and repeat.
## Understand how a problem was solved
1 Read the title and look at the photos. What do you think the text is about?
4)) 2 Scan the text for numbers. Circle the numbers and guess what they mean.
## FROM PROBLEMS TO SOLUTIONS
Economic development is necessary if we want to improve society. There comes a time when the old must give way to the new,and it is not possible to preserve everything from our past as we move towards the future. Finding and keeping the right balance between progress and the protection of cultural sites can be a big challenge.
Big challenges,however,can sometimes lead to great solutions. In the 1950s,the Egyptian government wanted to build a new dam across the Nile in order to control floods,produce electricity,and supply water to more farmers in the area. But the proposal led to protests. Water from the dam would likely damage a number of temples and destroy cultural relics that were an important part of Egypt's cultural heritage. After listening to the scientists who had studied the problem,and citizens who lived near the dam,the government turned to the United Nations for help in 1959
A committee was established to limit damage to the Egyptian buildings and prevent the loss of cultural relics. The group asked for contributions from different departments and raised funds within the international community. Experts investigated the issue,conducted several tests,and then made a proposal for how the buildings could be saved. Finally,a document was signed,and the work began in 1960.
The project brought together governments and environmentalists from around the world. Temples and other cultural sites were taken down piece by piece,and then moved and put back together again in a place where they were safe from the water. In 1961 German engineers moved the first temple. Over the next 20 years,thousands of engineers and workers rescued 22 temples and countless cultural relics. Fifty countries donated nearly $\$ 80$ million to the project.
When the project ended in 1980,it was considered a great success. Not only had the countries found a path to the future that did not run over the relics of the past,but they had also learnt that it was possible for countries to work together to build a better tomorrow.
The spirit of the Aswan Dam project is still alive today. Perhaps the best example is shown by UNESCO,which runs a programme that prevents world cultural heritage sites around the world from disappearing. If a problem seems too difficult for a single nation,the global community can sometimes provide a solution.
## Read the text again and answer the questions.
1 Why did the Egyptian government want to attempt the building of the dam?
2 How were the temples and other cultural sites saved?
3 How long did it take to complete the project?Make a timeline
Making a timeline that shows when different events happened can help you understand how the events are connected to each other.
4 Complete the timeline with the information from the text.
The project starts. The temples and cultural relics are being rescued.
The project is completed. The first temple is moved. The government asks the UN for help.
The project starts.
5 Complete the news report with the correct forms of the words in the box. Then suggest a suitable title.
| dev | ent | progress | proposal | preserve |
| :---: | :---: | :---: | :---: | :---: |
| temple | damage | heritage | establish | prevent |
Cairo,16 March,1956
In a speech today,a scientist gave her view on the new is important and our area needs economic . She said that as well. But she added,
"We should not accept the project if it puts our cultural in danger. We must protect the and make sure that no is done." Before she ended her speech,the scientist suggested that we need to a committee of experts to
the cultural heritage and it from being harmed.
6 Discuss one or more of the questions below in groups.
1 What were the solutions to the problem of building the Aswan Dam?
2 A lot of money was spent to protect the temples. Do you think it was worthwhile?Why or why not?
3 Why do you think so many countries contributed funds and offered help to the Egyptian project?
## Discovering Useful Structures
## Describe people or things in greater detail
1 Look at the sentences below and underline the relative pronouns and adverbs.
After listening to the scientists who had studied the problem,and citizens who lived near the dam,the government turned to the United Nations for help.
Temples and other cultural sites were taken down piece by piece,and then moved and put back together again in a place where they were safe from the water.
Find more sentences containing relative clauses from the text on page 4,and discuss briefly with a partner the major functions of them. Then make a short summary in a table or mind map.
2 Rewrite the sentences using relative clauses.
EXAMPLE
I have downloaded that free app,but it doesn't work well. $\rightarrow$
The free app (which/that) I have downloaded doesn't work well.
1 He showed me a photo in his room. It was a photo of a famous cultural relic in Egypt. $\rightarrow$ The photo
2 The project team helped protect the national parks in the United Republic of Tanzania. It was formed by members from fifteen countries. $\rightarrow$ The project team
3 This temple was first built during the Qin Dynasty. $\rightarrow$ The time
4 We met a professional archaeologist at the entrance to the Great Pyramid. He explained to us the process of building such a difficult structure. $\rightarrow$ The professional archaeologist
5 The documents about the cultural relics from overseas are under the desk. I found them yesterday. $\rightarrow$ The place
6 Scientists worked together day and night to rescue the temple because they wanted to preserve it for the next generation. $\rightarrow$
The reason
Discuss with a partner: Which relative pronouns can be deleted in your sentences?When can you go without the relative pronouns like this?
3 Work in pairs and play a game of definitions. One asks the questions below and the other answers them with relative clauses. Work out two more questions of your own.
## EXAMPLE
A: What is an exit?
B: An exit is the door where / through which you can leave a building.
1 What's a library?(from/in which;where) 2 What's a good friend?(to whom;who)
3 What's a vacation?(during which;when) 4 What's a football coach?(from whom;who)
## Listening and Talking
## Talk about history and culture
A1 1 Listen to the conversation and choose the correct answers.
1 Where are the speakers?A On a street.
B On a plane.
C On a bus.
2 What are they doing?A Drawing a map.
B Sightseeing.
C Studying culture.
2 What do you know about the Kremlin and Red Square?Listen again and complete the fact sheet.
3 Work in groups. Choose a cultural site that you like and role-play a conversation between some tourists and their tour guide. Take turns to play the different roles.
EXAMPLE
Tourist A: I beg your pardon,but is this the Xuanyuan Mirror?Could you please tell me about it?
Tour guide: Yes,it is. It is said that it's a mirror that can tell right from wrong!
... I see that you're looking at that carving on the roof. Did you know that it's called chiwen-one of the nine sons of the Chinese dragon?
Tourist B: No,I didn't. That's so interesting!
## Starting a conversation
The Forbidden City I beg your pardon,but ...
Forgive me for asking,but ...
Excuse me,but what is ...?
Excuse me. Could you please tell me about ...?
Do/Did you know ...?
I see that you are ...
## Write a news report
(I)) 1 Read the news report and answer the questions.
## PROMOTING CULTURE THROUGH DIGITAL IMAGES
Lanzhou,9 August 2017. A group of researchers and scientists from China and other countries are working together to help increase knowledge and appreciation of China's ancient cultural heritage. They are recording and collecting digital images of cultural relics from the Mogao Caves,which were a key stop along the Silk Road throughout China's ancient history. Nearly 500,000 highquality digital photographs have been produced since the international project started in 1994.
The Mogao Caves have long been a meeting point for different cultures and are part of the history of many countries. Today,the caves are just as international as they were at the time when people travelled the Silk Road. Tourists from all over the world visit Dunhuang to see the caves,and the Getty Museum in Los Angeles has even reproduced a copy of the caves and paintings for people to admire in America.
By sharing so many digital photos over the Internet,the group hopes to promote even wider interest around the world in China's ancient history,culture,and traditions. They also hope to further educate people about the importance of safeguarding historic and cultural relics for future generations to understand and appreciate. As one researcher who is working on the project explains,"Appreciating one's own cultural heritage is very important for understanding oneself. Appreciating the cultural heritage of other countries is very important for international
communication and understanding."
1 What are the researchers and scientists trying to do?
What modern technology are they using?
2 Why are so many people interested in the Mogao Caves?
3 What do you think of the researcher's opinion in the last paragraph?
2 Study the organisation and language features.
1 Read the news report again and find these parts.
A Lead sentence
B Direct quote C Paraphrase
D Background information E Reporting verbs $\mathrm{F}$ Words to show comparison and/or contrast
2 Underline the relative clauses that the writer uses to identify the following.
A things
B people
C time 3 Write a news report about a person or group who works to protect our cultural heritage. You can use the interview notes below or write about a person or group that you know of.
1 Read the interview notes.
Chen Lei,Wuhan
- senior teacher
- takes photos of old buildings
- wants to preserve cultural heritage
- interviews old people
- writes about the buildings
- visits schools to tell students about ... Protectors of the Past,Wuhu
- protect old houses
- help repair buildings
- look for cultural relics
- show cultural relics to the public
- raise money
- repair temples and cultural relics
2 Draft a news report in which you explain what the person or group does.
Headline
Lead sentence
Body
Tell the reader
the facts,details,
examples,etc.
Ending - Write a title to get the readers' attention.
- Tell the readers who,what,where,and why.
- Explain what the person or group does.
- Use relative clauses.
- Use quotes and paraphrases.
- End with a short summary to help the readers remember the main idea.
## A PICTURE IS WORTH A THOUSAND WORDS
Chen Lei is a senior teacher who takes photos of old buildings in Wuhan in order to preserve the city's cultural heritage.
Every day,Chen Lei takes his camera and ...
Neither people nor buildings last forever,but Chen Lei's photos can help us remember them.
3 Exchange drafts with a partner. Use the checklist to help each other revise the drafts.
$\checkmark$ Is there a title?
$\checkmark$ Does the lead sentence tell the reader about the situation?
$\checkmark$ Has the writer included details and explanations?
$\checkmark$ Are there quotes and paraphrases?
$\checkmark$ Does the writer use relative clauses to identify people,places,things,times,etc.?
$\checkmark$ Does the writer end with a short summary?
$\checkmark$ Are there any grammar or spelling mistakes?
4 Put up your news report in the classroom.
## Assessing Your Progress
1 How can you take part in cultural heritage protection?Read the passage. Then complete the phrases below and use them to finish the passage.
$\begin{array}{llll} & \text { in to from a balance sure } \\ \text { be proud } & \text { keep } & \text { prevent } \\ \text { donate sth } & \text { lead } & \text { take part } \\ \text { make } & \text { turn }\end{array}$
Getting young people to activities to protect their national heritage is a good way to introduce them to their country's history. As they learn more about where they come from,they will hopefully tell others about their country and culture. Of course,teachers
must between teaching the good and bad parts of a country's history. Learning only the good parts can narrow thinking. Learning the bad parts may help those kinds of things happening again. Students who know their history and culture are more likely to that their cultural heritage is protected,and teachers can motivate students by asking them to come up with their own ideas and make proposals for ways to protect this. One possible idea is for students to raise or money
an organisation or group that protects their country's cultural heritage. Teachers may also their local museums or historical societies for help in getting students more interested in this important field.
2 Read the conversation and learn about intangible cultural heritage (ICH). Then complete it with the correct relative pronouns or adverbs.
A: My teacher just gave us a task I really don't know how to do. I have to take part in an organisation protects our cultural heritage.
B: Oh,that sounds interesting!Where are you planning to go?I'm sure there are all kinds of historic sites cultural relics need to be protected.
A: Yes,but I'm not one of those people love museums. I think they're kind of boring. I like going on field trips I can experience and do things to protect cultural relics.
B: Cultural heritage is a lot more than just relics,you know. For example,our country has many nationalities dances,crafts,and other traditions are also very important. If we don't protect those traditions,there may come a time they disappear.
## REFLECTING
(- Did you find it easy or difficult to talk about culture and history?Why or why not?
What was the most interesting part of this unit and why?
(- How does learning about cultural heritage affect your opinion about your role in protecting your culture?
Overall,I thought this unit was  good  useful  so-so  difficult.
## *Project: Learn about intangible cultural heritage
A country's cultural heritage includes not only temples,palaces,and other cultural relics,but also its traditions,customs,and knowledge,such as dances,arts,and crafts. Learn more about intangible cultural heritage and prepare a class presentation.
1 Work in pairs. Look at the examples of Chinese ICH and discuss the questions.
- Are you familiar with any of these examples of Chinese $\mathrm{ICH}$?Tell your partner what you know about them.
- Have you ever observed or taken part in any of them?If so,when and where?Share your experiences with your partner.
- What other kinds of $\mathrm{ICH}$ do you know about?Share what you know with your partner.
2 Work in groups. Choose something that represents ICH. Use the library or the Internet to do research. You can refer to the questions below as a guide.
$\checkmark$ What is it?
$\checkmark$ What does it look like?
$\checkmark$ Who uses/does it?
$\checkmark$ Why should we protect it?$\checkmark$ What are its characteristics?
$\checkmark$ How is it used/done/made?
$\checkmark$ Does it have any symbolic meaning?
$\checkmark$ How can we protect it?
3 Make a presentation to the class about the ICH that you have chosen.
## The Great Wall
The Great Wall of China is the largest structure ever made and one of the great wonders of the world. This makes it an important cultural heritage site not just for China,but for all people around the world.
## BEFORE YOU WATCH
Match the phrases below with the pictures from the video.
A surveyors and archaeologists studying the Great Wall B weeds speeding up its collapse C volunteers taking care of the Great Wall
D sections fallen into ruins
## WHILE YOU WATCH
1 Read the statements and decide whether they are true (T) or false (F).
1 Every part of the Great Wall is easy to find and see.
2 The Great Wall took 2,300 years to build.
3 Some of the Great Wall has been lost.
4 The length of the Great Wall is the same as the distance between the North and South Poles.
2 Complete the sentences below with the words you hear in the video.
1 We are and we usually come here once a month.
2 But when we are not busy with school,we come here
3 We hope more people will protect our
4 We need to protect the Great Wall,so we can present it to the future generations and let our cultural imprint
## AFTER YOU WATCH
Discuss the questions in pairs.
1 Why is it important to protect cultural heritage sites like the Great Wall?
2 Are there any important cultural heritage sites in your area?
What can you do to help protect and take care of them?
In this unit,you will
1 read about the protection of Tibetan antelopes.
2 listen to and discuss facts and opinions about endangered wildife.
3 design a poster about an endangered species.
4 learn about ways to care for wildlife.
## Look and discuss
1 What do you think of when you see this photo?
2 Do you think that elephants are an endangered species?
3 What other wild animals are in danger?
## Listening and Speaking
## Talk about saving endangered wildlife
1 Before you listen,discuss these questions in pairs.
1 What message do these posters share?
2 Which one moves you the most?Why?
A 2 Listen to the first part and fill in the blanks.
Use visuals to predict content
Before you listen,look at pictures,charts,videos,and other visuals to help you predict what you will hear.
Our planet's is dying out at an alarming rate. Between 150 and 200 species are becoming extinct every day. This mass extinction is caused by hunting,habitat and pollution. We
must make people aware of the problem and help the endangered wildlife before it's too late!
3 Listen to the second part and answer the questions.
1 How many elephants are killed on average every day?
2 What did Prince William say about China?
A China has made a lot of progress.
B China can become a global leader in wildlife protection.
C China preserves its natural habitats well.
## Discuss the question in groups.
What does "Change begins with you" mean?5 In pairs,discuss the questions,role-play the example,and then talk about one of the animals in the photos below.
1 What do you know about the animals in the photos?
2 What is being done to help them?
EXAMPLE
A: I'm concerned about the African elephants. What do you know about them?
B: Well,I know that they're being hunted and their habitat is getting smaller,so they're in danger of extinction. Elephants need large living spaces,so it's difficult for them to adapt to the changes.
A: That's terrible. What measures are being taken to help them?
B: The authorities are under pressure to build elephant parks and tell people not to buy elephant products.
blue whale
panda
African elephants
## Pronunciation
1 Work in pairs. Read the words aloud to each other,and put them into the correct groups.  and $O$ stand for stressed syllables $1 $ for primary stress,and $O$ for secondary stress),and o for unstressed syllable.
$\begin{array}{lllll}\text { alarming } & \text { announcement } & \text { authority } & \text { architecture } & \text { civilisation } \\ \text { competition } & \text { contribution } & \text { electricity } & \text { investigate } & \text { literary } \\ \text { recommend } & \text { responsibility } & \text { vocabulary } & \text { volunteer } & \text { refrigerator }\end{array}$
A 2 Check your answers with another pair. Then listen and repeat.
A 3 Listen to the conversation in Activity 5,paying attention to the stress patterns of the polysyllabic words and repeat them.
## Learn about protecting endangered animals
## Before you read,discuss these questions in pairs.
1 Look at the pictures below. What do you think the text is about?
2 What do you know about the Tibetan antelope and the Changtang National Nature Reserve?
## A DAY IN THE CLOUDS
The air is thin and we have to rest several times on the short hike from camp. To our left,snow-covered mountains disappear into clouds that seem almost close enough to touch. On the plain in front of us,we can just make out a herd of graceful animals. This is why we're here-to observe Tibetan antelopes.
Tibetan antelopes live on the plains of Tibet,Xinjiang,and Qinghai. Watching them move slowly across the green grass,I'm struck by their beauty. I'm also reminded of the danger they were in. They were hunted,illegally,for their valuable fur.
My guide is Zhaxi,a villager from Changtang. He works at the Changtang National Nature Reserve. The reserve is a shelter for the animals and plants of northwestern Tibet. To Zhaxi,the land is sacred and protecting the wildlife is a way of life. "We're not trying to save the animals," he says. "Actually,we're trying to save ourselves."
The 1980s and 1990s were bad times for the Tibetan antelope. The population dropped by more than 50 percent. Hunters were shooting antelopes to make profits. Their habitats were becoming smaller as new roads and railways were built.
In order to save this species from extinction,the Chinese government placed it under national protection. Zhaxi and other volunteers watched over the antelopes day and night to keep them safe from attacks. Bridges and gates were added to let the antelopes move easily and keep them safe from cars and trains.
The measures were effective. The antelope population has recovered and in June 2015,the Tibetan antelope was removed from the endangered species list. The government,however,does not intend to stop the protection programmes,since the threats to the Tibetan antelope have not yet disappeared.
In the evening,I drink a cup of tea and watch the stars. I think about the antelopes and what Zhaxi told me. Much is being done to protect wildlife,but if we really want to save the planet,we must change our way of life. Only when we learn to exist in harmony with nature can we stop being a threat to wildlife and to our planet. (4)) 2 Read the text and answer the questions.
1 Why did the writer visit Tibet?
2 What happened to the Tibetan antelope in the 1980s and 1990s?
3 What did people do to help protect the Tibetan antelope?
4 What does "national protection" mean?Can you list more examples?
5 How does the writer feel about modern life?How do you know?
3 Read the sentences below,and decide if each idea is the literal meaning (L) of the text or only implied (I) by the text.
EXAMPLE
$I$ The Tibetan antelope lives high above sea level.
( This is implied by "The air is thin".)
When they first saw the antelopes,they were very far away. We should not buy goods made from endangered animals. Human activities are threatening animals and plants. The Tibetan antelope is not an endangered species now.
Identify literal and implied meaning
Literal meaning is the usual,basic meaning of the words,i.e. exactly what the words say. Implied meaning is suggested but not directly expressed,i.e. you guess the meaning based on what you know.
4 Learn about elephants by reading and completing the passage with the correct forms of the words.
$\begin{array}{llll}\text { hunter } & \text { illegally } & \text { reserve } & \text { attack } \\ \text { exist } & \text { plain } & \text { harmony } & \text { threat }\end{array}$
Herds of elephants used to live on the of Africa and in the forests of Asia. But today,they face a serious from These large animals
are being killed for their body parts that are considered valuable. In order to save them,some countries have created where they can live in peace and safety. However,the on them will continue as long as interest in buying elephant products . To achieve between humans and animals,the world must protect these beautiful creatures.
5 Discuss the questions below in pairs.
The writer says that we must change our way of life and learn to live in harmony with nature in order to save our planet. Do you agree?What do you think we should do or change?
## Discovering Useful Structures
## Report an ongoing event
1 Underline the present continuous passive voice in the sentences and discuss its function.
- African elephants are being hunted.
- What is being done to help them?- What measures are being taken to help them?
Find more sentences with the same verb form in this unit.
2 Choose the suitable verb forms to complete the sentences.
1 I'm (working / being worked) at home today because my office is (painted / being painted).
2 The alarming report is (written / being written). It will be finished soon.
3 What part of the city is (attacked / being attacked) now?
4 Right now,the deer are (watched / being watched) over by many volunteers.
5 Who is (hunting / being hunted) the kangaroos?Where are they (hunted / being hunted)?
6 It is reported that living spaces for wildifife are (reduced / being reduced) due to the cutting of trees.
3 Liu Tao would like to express his concern over the wetland in his hometown. Help him finish the passage with the present continuous passive voice of the verbs in brackets.
In the wetland of my hometown,there are many different kinds of animals,including wild birds,fish,snakes,insects and so on. When I was in primary school,I often went there with my friends to watch the birds and study them. That was an interesting place for all of us. But things have begun to change in recent years. Small birds (catch) with nets. Wild ducks (sell) at food markets. Fish and snakes (kill) for food in restaurants. And even worse,the wetland (destroy). Some parts (cover) with new houses. You can see rubbish everywhere. The wetland (pollute) seriously every day. I am very worried about it. What can we do?
${ }^{*} 4$ In groups,discuss the questions below. Prepare to give a presentation of your ideas to the class.
What do you know is being done in your neighbourhood to protect animals and plants?What suggestions do you have?
## Listening and Talking
## Help the wildlife in your neighbourhood
1 Match the words with the pictures.
A
B
C 1 binoculars
2 bird feeder
3 bird field guide
2 Choose the right ending for each sentence.
1 Binoculars
2 Build bird feeders
3 Use a bird field guide
4 Put paper cut-outs on windows
$A$ in order to identify birds
B so that birds do not crash into them
C to make sure that birds have enough food
D are used for watching birds from far away
## Expressing purposes
This is used for ...
I did it to / in order to /
so as to ...
He has done it so that $/$
in order that ...
( 3 Listen and answer the questions.
1 Who are the teenagers?2 Where are they?
3 What are they doing?4 Why are they doing it?
(1 Listen again and use the phrases you hear to fill in the blanks.
1 They got up early
2 l've brought a field guide
3 My dad gave me the binoculars
4 Birdwatching clubs clean up habitats,build bird feeders,and put paper cut-outs on windows protect birds.
5 Think of other wildlife in your neighbourhood and their needs. What can you do to care for them?Discuss their needs and solutions in groups.
## EXAMPLE
A: I often see wild cats in our neighbourhood. Maybe we should do something to care for them.
B: Should we put out bowls of food for them?
C: Sure,and I think we could also put out boxes or other things for them,so that they can find shelter when it's cold or wet outside.
## Make an effective poster
1 Look at the posters below. Which emotions do the photos communicate?
- funny surprising frightening sad $\bullet .$.
Opinion
poster on the left
I think it's ... poster on the right
Billions of trees are being cut down every year to make paper for humans. Every tree that is cut down is a part of the habitat of animals such as these koalas. In this way a lot of animal homes are being destroyed!Is it right to make animals homeless so that humans can have more paper?a chance.
## Look at the posters again. Discuss the questions in groups.
1 What does each poster use to stir up emotions?
2 Who do you think is the intended audience for each poster?Why do you think so?
3 What does each poster want people to do?How do you know?
4 In your opinion,which poster is more effective?Why?4 Work in pairs. Make a poster about an endangered animal.
1 Choose one of the animals below or one of your own. Do some research to add to the animal fact sheet.
## South China Tiger
Why is it endangered?Habitat loss;hunted for its skin and fur
What is being done?A plan is being carried out to increase the number of wild tigers.
What can we do?Do not buy fur or other tiger products!
2 Follow these steps to organise your poster.
5 Exchange posters with another pair. Use this checklist to give them helpful feedback.
$\checkmark$ Does the poster include key information about the animal?
$\checkmark$ Does the poster explain why it is endangered?
$\checkmark$ Does the poster support its information with facts?
$\checkmark$ Is the message of the poster clear,i.e. can you tell clearly what the designer
wants the reader to think or do?
$\checkmark$ Is the image on the poster effective?
6 Put up the poster in your classroom or in a public place. 1 Complete the phrases and use them to finish the passage.
|  | about for of out $\quad$ to | up |
| :--- | :--- | :--- |
| adapt | die | be concerned |
| search $\_$ | put | be aware |
The World Wide Fund For Nature (WWF) ___ the many species of plants and animals that around the world. The WWF wants more people to the problem,so they will stop hurting wildlife and solutions. Very few people in modern society actually intend to harm animals. Most people do not realise that many animal species cannot the changes brought about by modern civilisation. It is for this reason that the WWF constantly of the planet. information to stir up public interest in the welfare
Think about what the WWF does to protect wildlife.
2 Read and complete the passage with the present continuous passive voice of the verbs in brackets.
It may seem that protecting wildlife is something far from the life of a high school student,but in fact,a lot (do) by young people around the world. In Washington State,USA,wolverines ( 貂熊 ) (study) by scientists in an effort to learn how to preserve the population. However,during the winter,it is difficult to attract the animals to cameras hidden in snowy forests. A group of students heard about the problem and created a special device which (test) deep in a snowy forest now. Their invention (use) to send out a certain smell near the cameras. The shy animals are attracted by the smell and coming around the cameras. They (observe) by a conservation researcher.
What do you think of the invention?
## REFLECTING
In this unit,I was especially moved by because
I thought the most helpful part of the unit was because
I thought the most difficult part of the unit was because
Overall,I thought this unit was  wonderful  good  so-so  too hard.
## *Project: Plan an animal rescue centre
Endangered animals are not the only animals that need help and protection. All animals need help at times,such as pets that are left homeless when their owners move or wounded birds that fall to the ground. They can be kept in an animal rescue centre for some time until they recover.
## Here is part of a report about an animal rescue centre. Read the passage and
then tell your partner about it. The questions may help you.
1 What is the rescue centre called?
2 Who started it?
3 What animals were rescued?
4 What help does the centre need?
## SMALL FRIENDS PET SHELTER
The Small Friends Pet Shelter was started by a group of high school students and their parents when they started to see many pets that were left behind after their families moved away.
Today,there are about 70 cats,50 dogs,three rabbits,and a few turtles living at the shelter. The young people who run the shelter work hard to keep the place clean,take care of the animals,and advertise the animals so that they can be adopted.
They have already helped to find homes for nearly 200 animals. It is hard work,but the young people working at the shelter think it is worth it.
So if you find a pet that is lost,call the young people at Small Friends Pet Shelter!And if you want to help out,go and volunteer your time and love. That is what the animals really need most.
2 Think about animals that need help. Plan an animal rescue centre for them. Discuss the questions in groups.
$\checkmark$ What will it be called?$\checkmark$ What can we do to help the animals?$\checkmark$ What skills or equipment do we need?$\checkmark$ Where should the centre be built?$\checkmark$ What help could people offer?
3 Make a poster in which you describe your animal rescue centre and ask for help. Put up the poster on the classroom wall.
## The Elephant Whisperers
The elephant whisperers are the elephant keepers who work for a programme in Kenya. The organisation aims to rescue and raise orphan elephants,and then return them to the wild. So far,it has helped hundreds of baby elephants.
## BEFORE YOU WATCH
Look at the title,introduction,and picture. Then guess whether the statements are true $(T)$ or false $(F)$.
1 The elephants' mothers left them alone.
2 The baby elephants all come from different areas of Kenya.
3 The native environment of the elephants is the forest.
4 The keepers have to feed the elephants every four hours,day and night.
5 The keepers have to sleep with the elephants.
$\begin{array}{ll}T \square & F \square \\ T \square & F \square \\ T \square & F \square \\ T \square & F \square \\ T \square & F \square\end{array}$
## WHILE YOU WATCH
1 Check your answers in Before You Watch.
2 Arrange the following items in the order you see them in the video. Write the numbers $1-7$ on the lines.
A Two elephants make friends.
B The elephant keepers lead the elephants into the forest.
C A keeper sings to the elephants.
D The elephants play football.
E An elephant keeper feeds an elephant some leaves.
F The keepers put the elephants to bed.
G The keepers feed the elephants milk using bottles.
3 Answer the questions using information from the video.
1 According to the elephant keeper,in what way are elephants like people?
2 What is the most important thing elephants must learn at the centre?
## AFTER YOU WATCH
Discuss the questions in groups.
1 Why is this programme important for elephants and for the world?
2 Have you ever taken care of a baby animal?In what ways is it similar to or different from taking care of a human baby?
In this unit,you will
1 read about online communities.
2 listen to people describe their online habits,and talk about your own.
3 write a blog post about online safety.
4 learn about online education.
## Look and discuss
1 What do you usually do online?
2 How can you use the Internet to learn English?
3 Have you ever helped others to use the Internet?How?
## Listening and Speaking
## Ask about online habits
1 Look at the online activities in the box and match them with the pictures.
Then tick the pictures of the activities that you like to do when you are online.
write a blog post
chat online use a search engine
| $\mathrm{B}$ |  |
| :--- | :--- |
2 Sam is doing a survey on online habits. He is now talking to his schoolmates Anna,Paul,and Joe. Listen to the conversation and complete the table.
Name
Time spent online every day
Online activities
Reasons for using the Internet
Anna
Paul
Joe
3 Listen again and fill in the blanks to complete the sentences.
1 A blog __ an online diary where you write about something you're interested in.,I like basketball,so I write a lot on my blog about my favourite team.
2 I stream videos and music.,I watch videos and listen to music online.
3 A search engine that helps you find what you're looking for. 4 Look at Activity 3 again. How are the words in italics defined?Write them in the correct brackets.
A Use simpler words.
Listen for definitions
B Use an example.
When you hear a word you don't know,pay attention to the next sentence or two to see if there is a definition. Definitions often begin with words
C Compare to something. like“it's like","that is",or "for example".
5 Take turns to ask each other about your online habits.
EXAMPLE
A: How much time do you spend online every day?
B: Oh,it's hard to say. Sometimes I'm too busy to go online. Sometimes I spend more than four hours online. How about you?
A: It depends. I'd say from half an hour to three hours.
B: What do you usually do online?
A: I listen to music,stream videos,or look up information. And you?
B: Lots of things. I especially like to chat with my friends and family. By the way,what's your favourite app?
A: Well,..
## Pronunciation
1 Most sentences have two basic types of words: content words and function words. Content words are usually stressed. Read the sentence and notice which words are stressed.
## EXAMPLE
The Internet is becoming the town square for the global village of tomorrow.
2 Read the poem about online safety and mark the words that should be stressed.
## Cyber Sense
I always keep things secret when I go online.
I never share the things that should be only mine.
My email and my home address,my phone number and name-
These are things only I should know on websites or in games.
And so I use a nonsense name for my net identity.
When folks online ask who I am,I say,"I'm Cyber Me."
And if I ever think that someone online isn't all that bad,
I never ever meet them without telling Mum or Dad.
A 3 Listen to the poem and see if you got the stressed words right.
## Start an online community
1 Before you read,look at the title and discuss these questions in pairs.
1 What do you think the text will say?
2 How do you think the writer feels about the topic?
## STRONGER TOGETHER:
HOW WE HAVE BEEN CHANGED BY THE INTERNET
(1) Read headlines
Headlines usually include only key ideas or information from the text. They often do not follow strict grammar rules,because writers use as few words as possible to catch the attention of the readers.
Much has been written about the wonders of the World Wide Web. There are countless articles telling us how the Internet has made our lives more convenient. We no longer have to wait in line or carry cash around when we go shopping. We can get the most updated information from large databases. We can download software,documents,and images whenever we need them. But the Internet has done much more for people than simply make life more convenient. People's lives have been changed by online communities and social networks.
Jan Tchamani,an English teacher in Birmingham,UK,suddenly developed a serious illness and had to quit her job. At age 50,she found herself out of work and stuck at home with only her computer to keep her company. After a while,she discovered that surfing the Internet could help her feel less lonely and bored. She could listen to music,watch films,play games,and explore the world. She also joined an online group where she could talk about her problems and get support and advice from others. She realised that one of the greatest benefits of the Internet was its ability to remove the distance that usually exists between people.
She was so inspired by the people she met online that she decided to start an IT club to teach older people how to use computers and the Internet. She and her friends now organise events and collect money to pay for private teachers. Many people have been helped by the club. A 59-year-old man learnt how to apply for work online and found a great job. Now that he works and can take care of himself,his daughter has time to study at university. A 61-year-old woman who was living alone has started a small online company together with two friends. She no longer feels lonely,and her company has become quite successful.
Jan has started taking online classes to learn more about how to use the Internet to make society better. She believes that it is highly important to bridge the digital divide and make sure that everyone has access to the Internet and knows how to use new technology. Her next goal is to start a charity website to raise money for children in poor countries.
Jan's life has been greatly improved by the Internet. "When you go through tough times,you meet others who are facing similar challenges," Jan says. "Thinking about other people's situations inspired me to offer help."
(1)) 2 Read the text and answer the questions.
1 Why did Jan quit her job?
2 How did the people in the online community help her?
3 Why did she start the IT club?
4 What is the "digital divide"?
5 What's Jan's next goal?
6 What can we learn from her experiences?
3 List the ways in which the text says that the Internet has changed people's lives. Try to add more examples.
Examples from the text
More examples you know
4 Complete the passage about Wuzhen with the correct forms of the words in the box.
$\begin{array}{lllll}\text { access } & \text { convenient } & \text { surf } & \text { inspire } & \text { distance } \\ \text { network } & \text { download } & \text { cash } & \text { update } & \text { benefit }\end{array}$
The Internet has brought great to Wuzhen,a small waterside town in Zhejiang Province. For the past few years,Wuzhen has hosted the World Internet Conference (WIC),which makes life in this ancient town much more than it has been. Residents here can online as easily as in large modern cities. Plus they can movies and music at high speeds. The Internet has even changed Wuzhen's
transport!For short both residents and tourists can use the public bike system.
Bikes can be rented by using online apps - no need for paperwork or payment. In 2016,the parking system for Wuzhen's WIC centre was to be fully Internet-based. Wuzhen's entering the world of the Internet should other small towns around the world. No matter how small a town is,everyone should be able to join the global and the world of the Internet!
5 Discuss the questions below in pairs.
1 Do you think your life has been changed by the Internet?If so,how?
2 The writer mentions many advantages of using the Internet. Do you think there are any disadvantages?If so,what are they?
## Discovering Useful Structures
## Talk about something that has been done
1 Read the pairs of sentences. Underline and compare the different verb forms.
Jan's life has been greatly improved by the Internet.
Much has been written about the wonders of the World Wide Web. The Internet has greatly improved Jan's life.
People have written much about the wonders of the World Wide Web.
How do we form the present perfect passive voice?Fill in the blank.
Verb form $\begin{cases}\text { Active } & \text { have/has }+v \text {-ed } \\ \text { Passive }\end{cases}$
2 Change the sentences into the present perfect passive voice.
## EXAMPLE
They've built a kind of new PC with more functions. $\rightarrow$
$A$ kind of new PC has been built with more functions.
1 I have downloaded the software to help my phone battery last longer.
2 Someone has lost an identity card.
3 Have you confirmed the Wi-Fi password?
4 Have you pressed the button yet to copy the file?
5 Has anyone made a comment about the online database?
Find out the differences in meaning and function between the active and passive forms.
3 Read the poem. Then think of your own situation and write a similar poem.
Look at the way your face has been washed
Look at the way your teeth have been brushed Look at the way your shoes have been cleaned You'd better do them again.
Look at the way the flowers have been planted Look at the way the grass has been cut Look at the way the paths have been swept I hope that you'll come here again.
## Listening and Talking
## Choose the best app
A1 Laura and Xiao Bo are talking about apps. Listen to their conversation and find out what apps they want.
Xiao Bo is looking for a(n) app to help him get in shape.
Laura would like an app for getting and another that will make her better.
ค. 2 Listen again. Are the sentences true (T) or false (F)?
3 Listen once more and tick the sentences you hear. Underline the words used to express predictions,guesses,and beliefs.
## Predictions,guesses,and beliefs
It might help me walk more.
My guess is that it wouldn't work.
I imagine this app would help me get fit faster.
I suppose that would be good.
I guess you could save a little with this app.
I suppose there would be some problems,too.
I believe this app could help me get thinner.
4 Look at the descriptions of some apps. Then role-play the conversation. Which app do you think would be more popular or useful?
## Hear It First
This app keeps you updated on all your favourite topics. You can also choose to receive updates on the news or even lessons that you're interested in. You get a message whenever there has been an update.
## TV Me
TV Me lets you stream your favourite TV programmes and see your face on the screen together with the actors. A: I imagine that TV Me would be more popular. Everyone watches TV and I think lots of people imagine themselves as actors in the TV shows,so putting the two together would be great. What do you think?
B: My guess would be Hear It First because it's both interesting and useful. You could find out more about the stories you like and make sure that you don't miss anything important. I believe both the young and old would like it.
## Write a blog post
())) Read the blog post and answer the questions.
Today I thought I'd blog about a question that has been asked many times-how do you stay safe online and avoid bad experiences on the Internet?I'm not an expert,but many years as a blogger have taught me a thing or two.
First of all,there's the golden rule of the Internet: If you see or read something that makes you feel uncomfortable,leave the site immediately. Don't post comments or click on anything. Second,protect your privacy. Don't give out your address or phone number. Someone might use the information to steal your identity. Identity theft is a common and serious problem. Third,be polite. Being online is no excuse for being rude,and you don't want to become a target for a troll or cyberbully. A troll is a person who posts comments or questions in order to stir up trouble online. Trolls often use several false names so that they can stay on a site. A cyberbully uses the Internet to be mean to others. Like a troll,a cyberbully will also write something mean but it is usually directed at particular people. He or she may also post embarrassing photos and information about those people. However,the more polite you are,the less likely it is you will be attacked.
Have you had any bad experiences online,or do you have some good advice for staying safe?Post your comments below!
| Last year,we were having problems in our chat room. Mean comments |
| :--- |
| were being posted by someone we didn't know. I think he or she was only |
| trying to make trouble. |
| $\begin{array}{l}\text { A girl at my school had a very bad experience online. A photo of her had } \\ \text { been posted online and she was being made fun of. It seemed like a joke } \\ \text { at first,but the girl was very upset. }\end{array}$ |
1 What's the main idea of the blog post?Write a title for it.
2 What guidelines does the author provide for staying safe online?
3 Who are the online troublemakers the blog post mentions?
4 Do you have any more tips for how to surf the Internet safely?Share your ideas with a partner.
2 Study the organisation and language features.
1 Tick what the writer tells the reader in Paragraph 1.
definition of online safety  the writer's knowledge
background information  the topic of the post 2 What words and phrases does the writer use to organise the information in the second paragraph?
3 What new words are explained in the text,and how?
4 How does the writer end the post?
## Use what you have learnt to write a blog post about online safety.
1 Choose one of the topics below and use the notes to draft your blog post.
Online shopping sites
- Use a website you are familiar with.
- Use strong passwords.
- Don't use public computers. Social networking apps
- Don't post personal information.
- Don't believe everything you read.
- Be polite. Online chat rooms
- Don't give out too much information.
- Never meet someone you met online alone.
2 Organise your draft.
4 Exchange drafts with a partner. Use the checklist to help your partner revise his/her draft.
$\checkmark$ Does the writer tell the reader what he/she knows about the topic?
$\checkmark$ Are the tips and suggestions well organised?
$\checkmark$ Has the writer defined the new words?
$\checkmark$ Does the author include examples,comparisons,or explanations?
$\checkmark$ Does the writer end by asking readers to leave comments and/or suggestions?
$\checkmark$ Can you find any grammar or spelling mistakes?
5 Put up your revised draft in the classroom or read it to your class.
## Assessing Your Progress
1 The words in the box can be used as both nouns and verbs. Fill in the blanks below with the correct forms of the words in the box.
function target blog comment click chat
1 I have a ___ about environmental issues in my city.
I often___ about how my classmates and I help to clean up the environment in my city.
2 Grandma and I had a nice about the Internet just now. Grandma and I often about the Internet.
3 Visit our site today!We're just a away!Visit our site today!Just on this link.
4 He made a positive ___ on the design of our school website,so I think he really liked it!$\mathrm{He}$ positively on the design of our school website,so I think he really liked it!
5 This case has two It's my wallet and my mobile phone case. This both as my wallet and as my mobile phone case.
6 People who behave foolishly online often become of cyberbullies. Cyberbullies often people who behave foolishly online.
2 The Internet is bringing great changes to modern life. Complete the text with the correct forms of the words in brackets.
The world (turn upside down) since the invention of the Internet and the introduction of personal computers into nearly every home. The twin inventions of the personal computer and the Internet events of the last century. Shopping (consider) to be among the two most important (completely change). Rather than going out to stores weekly or even daily,more and more people order things from clothes to toys to foods online and have them delivered directly to their homes. Social communication (take over) by the Internet. In the past,letters,phone calls,and face-to-face meetings were necessary to build up relationships,but now online communication is often the only social interaction that some people have all day!Games,music,movies and so on (heavily influence) by the Internet. New kinds of crimes are happening on the Internet,too,so cyber security has to be constantly updated.
Do you agree with the writer?Give your reasons.
## @REFLECTING
In this unit,I thought the section about was the most useful because
I thought the part about was not very useful because
My favourite part of the unit was because
Overall,I thought this unit was  very useful  a bit helpful  so-so  difficult.
## *Project: Compare English learning websites/apps
Work in pairs. Use what you have learnt in this unit to compare different English learning websites/apps and present your findings to the class.
1 What English learning websites and/or apps do you use?Choose one that you like best,and compare it with your partner's. Use the questions below.
Question Mine $\quad$ My partner's
Website/App name?
Who is it for?
What is it for?
Who made it?(i.e. a big,
famous company or a
small,not-so-famous onel
Is it easy to read and easy
to use?
Is it updated often?
Does it provide a list of sources to show where its information came from?
Is it full of ads?
Is the information clear and easy to understand?
Does it teach you all that you want to learn?
What do you like best about it?
2 Use the results to do one of the tasks.
1 Prepare a short presentation to compare the websites or apps.
2 Write a blog post comparing the websites or apps.
Blackburn College is in the city of Blackburn in the northwest of England. Some researchers are worried that students in England are spending too much time on social media.
## BEFORE YOU WATCH
Complete the sentences below with the expressions in the box.
selfies $\quad$ social media profile 24/7
1 Jill is concerned about having a good so she always posts things that will make other people smile.
2 Everyone was excited to see photos from Andy's trip,but they were disappointed when they saw that he had only posted
3 It seems that Nancy is online She posts all the time,no matter what hour it is in the day or the night.
## WHILE YOU WATCH
1 Choose the best answers according to the video.
1 What is NOT a negative effect of using social media 24/7?A It can hurt your confidence in yourself.
B It can hurt your ability to make friends in the real world.
C It causes a lack of sleep,and that can harm your health.
2 How is Blackburn College dealing with social media?
A They make students turn off social media at certain times.
B They have decided to forbid social media use.
C They try to encourage students to use it responsibly.
2 Complete the quotes below with words you hear in the video.
1 "... it's very easy to become too invested in having to keep and pictures,and to people online."
2 "They want to be online And as that need,then we also saw that that had an impact on their
3 "What we try to do here is to develop some self-regulation skills in young people so they understand when to,when to
## AFTER YOU WATCH
Discuss the questions in groups.
1 What are some of the benefits and dangers of social media use?
2 What steps can you take to control your social media use?
A people without the knowledge of their past history,origin and culture is like a tree without roots.
## -Marcus Garvey
In this unit,you will
1 read about the history and traditions of the UK.
2 listen to people talk about historic places and share your own experiences.
3 write about a place by describing different senses.
4 learn more about different tea cultures.
## Look and discuss
1 What do you know about the buildings in the photo above?
2 What traditions of that city/country do you know about?
3 Why is it important to protect historic buildings and cultural traditions?
## Listening and Speaking
## Share views on historic sites
1 Before you listen,look at some photos of Qufu. What can you say about these places?
Kong Family Mansion
Temple of Confucius
2 Listen to a conversation between a British tourist and a Chinese student in Qufu,and then write down what they say about Confucius.
| Name | Fact/Opinion about Confucius |
| :--- | :--- |
| William | 1 Confucius is one of his favourite philosophers. |
|  | 2 |
|  | 3 |
|  | 1 |
| Xiao Kong | 2 |
3 Listen again and decide whether these statements are true (T),false (F),or not mentioned (NM). Then answer the question.
1 Confucius said that learning without understanding leads to confusion.
4 Dacheng Hall is the tallest building in Qufu.
TLF $\square \mathrm{NM}$
- Why do you think William said his hometown was similar to Qufu?A There are famous halls in his hometown.
B There are no tall buildings in his hometown.
C Both places have a famous person who was born there.
D His hometown doesn't allow other buildings to be more noticeable than the historic buildings. Understand idioms
An idiom is an expression which means something different from the meaning of the individual words. Some idioms present an idea or paint a picture that gives a hint as to the meaning. Other idioms can only be understood from the context in which they appear.
4 Write down the English idioms that are used in the conversation. Explain their meanings and think about some Chinese equivalents.
| English idiom | Meaning | Chinese equivalent |
| :---: | :---: | :---: |
| Achilles' heel |  |  |
| pull one's leg |  |  |
| fish out of water |  |  |
5 Discuss the questions in groups.
1 What do you know about Confucius' ideas on education?Think of two or three examples. What else do you know about Confucius and his philosophy?
2 Think about a historic site that you have visited,and give an introduction to its history and importance.
## Pronunciation
1 Read this part of the poem“If-" written by British poet Rudyard Kipling. Notice the linking sounds. Then mark the linking sounds after the model.
If you can make one heap of all your winnings
And risk it on one turn of pitch-and-toss,
And lose,and start again at your beginnings
And never breathe a word about your loss;
If you can force your heart and nerve and sinew
To serve your turn long after they are gone,
And so hold on when there is nothing in you
Except the Will which says to them: "Hold on!"
A2 Repeat the poem after the recording.
## Learn about a country through its history
1 Before you read,discuss the questions in pairs.
Look at the map below. What does it show?What is it used for?
()) 2 Read the text and answer the questions.
1 What are the four countries of the United Kingdom?Which two were the first to be joined together?
2 According to the text,what are two chief advantages of studying the history of a country?
## Read a map
When you look at a map,think first about what the map shows and what the symbols mean.
## WHAT'S IN A NAME?
The United Kingdom,Great Britain,Britain,England-many people are confused by what these different names mean. So what is the difference between them,if any?Getting to know a little bit about British history will help you solve this puzzle.
In the 16th century,the nearby country of Wales was joined to the Kingdom of England. Later,in the 18th century,the country Scotland was joined to create the Kingdom of Great Britain. In the 19th century,the Kingdom of Ireland was added to create the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland. Finally,in the 20th century,the southern part of Ireland broke away from the UK,which resulted in the full name we have today: the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland. Most people just use the shortened name: "the United Kingdom" or "the UK". People from the UK are called "British",which means the UK is also often referred to as Britain or Great Britain.
The four countries that belong to the United Kingdom work together in some areas. They use the same flag,known as the Union Jack,as well as share the same currency and military defence. However,they also have some differences. For example,England,Wales,Scotland,and Northern Ireland all have different education systems and legal systems. They also have their own traditions,like their own national days and national dishes. And they even have their own football teams for competitions like the World Cup!
The United Kingdom has a long and interesting history to explore,which can help you understand much more about the country and its traditions. Almost everywhere you go in the UK,you will be surrounded by evidence of four different groups of people who took over at different times throughout history. The first group,the Romans,came in the first century. Some of their great achievements included building towns and roads. Next,the Anglo-Saxons arrived in the fifth century. They introduced the beginnings of the English language,and changed the way people built houses. The Vikings came in the eighth century,left behind lots of new vocabulary,and also the names of many locations across the UK. The last group were the Normans. They conquered England after the well-known Battle of Hastings in the 11th century. They had castles built all around England,and made changes to the legal system. The Normans were French,so many French words slowly entered into the English language.
There is so much more to learn about the interesting history and culture of the United Kingdom. Studying the history of the country will make your visit much more enjoyable. The capital city London is a great place to start,as it is an ancient port city that has a history dating all the way back to Roman times. There are countless historic sites to explore,and lots of museums with ancient relics from all over the UK. The UK is a fascinating mix of history and modern culture,with both new and old traditions. If you keep your eyes open,you will be surprised to find that you can see both its past and its present.
## Read again and sort out the information according to the timeline.
When?
What happened?
Romans arrived
Anglo-Saxons came
Vikings came
11th century
16th century
18th century
19th century
20th century
4 Complete the conversation about the UK using the phrases in their correct forms. as well as belong to add to join to break away keep your eyes open
A: I can never remember what the UK means!There's England,Britain,Great Britain!
B: Well,it helps if you remember that there are four countries that the UK. That's why it's called the United Kingdom.
A: Four countries?I must have been asleep in that part of our history class!So the first country was England,and the others were that?
B: Yes,right. First England,then Wales,then Scotland. The last country was Ireland,but later the southern half didn't want to be the United Kingdom.
A: Oh,I remember now!The southern part from Northern Ireland,right?
B: Yes,you got it well remembered!But in history class next time!
5 Discuss the questions in groups.
1 Why is it important to study the history and culture of a country before visiting it?
2 What important things should visitors know about before they come to China?
## Discovering Useful Structures
## Express feelings and describe situations
1 Look at the sentences and underline the past participles. In pairs,discuss their functions. Then find more sentences with the -ed form in the text.
1 Most people just use the shortened name: "the United Kingdom" or "the UK".
2 They use the same flag,known as the Union Jack,...
3 They had castles built all around England,...
When the past participle is used as the object complement,it is often formed with the "have/get/feel/find/... + object + -ed form".
2 Complete the phrases in the right column by using the past participles in the left column. Compare the meaning of each pair of phrases. Then make sentences with the phrases.
Past Participles as the Attribute (1) tired visitors a well-organised trip beautifully dressed stars Past Participles as the Attribute (2) visitors of the long wait/.. a trip well by my workplace/... stars beautifully at the event/...
## Read the sentences and underline the -ed form as the object complement.
1 Judy and I had our car parked in an underground car park near Trafalgar Square,where we could get our car battery charged.
2 When we finally reached the service desk to ask for audio guides,we heard it announced that there were no audio guides left.
3 We found ourselves very surprised by the large number of visitors and the amount of noise at the entrance of the National Gallery.
4 Judy had her eyes fixed on Van Gogh's Sunflowers. It was hard to approach the painting as there were so many people around.
5 She had a copy of the painting boxed to ensure that it was delivered safely.
4 Rewrite the sentences with past participles as the attribute,and then see whether you can write a little story with them.
1 Loch Ness was surrounded by beautiful natural landscape,which made it look amazing.
2 Carl and his friends stayed with a generous family who offered them bread with butter and honey that was homemade.
3 The family's ancestors once attended to soldiers who were wounded in the First World War.
4 The young people were attracted by the legend of Loch Ness. They watched over the lake with their cameras and binoculars,which were positioned on the hill.
## Listening and Talking
## Talk about a visit to a historic tourist destination
(1) Backpacker Paul is talking to a receptionist at an international youth hostel in Pingyao,China. Listen to the conversation and tick the places mentioned.
$\begin{array}{lll}\square \text { Ming-Qing Street } & \square \text { Ancient Government Office } & \square \text { Qiao Family Courtyard } \\ \square \text { Wang Family Courtyard } & \square \text { Rishengchang Bank } & \square \text { Mount Mian } \\ \square \text { the city wall } & \square \text { Zhenguo Temple } & \square \text { Shuanglin Temple }\end{array}$
(1) 2 Listen once more. Complete the sentences to describe how the speakers felt.
I had expected something different.
It was like walking into history.
It wasn't as big as I had expected.
Some of the snacks there are amazing.
I had no idea there would be so many tourists.
Wow,I can't believe you didn't see the wall. Paul sounded
Paul sounded
Paul sounded
Xiao Yan sounded
Paul sounded
Xiao Yan sounded
3 Imagine one of you has just visited Pingyao. Work in pairs and role-play the conversation below. Then continue the conversation using the expressions in the box.
## Expressing excitement,surprise,and disappointment
I had no idea ... $\quad$ I didn't know ...
I was eager/surprised to see/learn/hear that ...
It was so much fun!It was a little disappointing.
It wasn't as good/interesting/fun as I'd expected.
EXAMPLE
A: Wow,I've just come back from Pingyao. It was amazing!
B: Oh,I loved Pingyao!So did you see the Ming-Qing Street?
A: Of course,but I didn't expect to see so many tourists.
B: Yeah,I know what you mean,but there are some great snacks there. How about the ...?
4 Take turns telling each other about a historic place that you have been to.
## Describe a place that you like
(1)) 1 Read the text and discuss the questions in pairs.
## BEAUTIFUL IRELAND ANDITS TRADITIONS
Ireland's beautiful countryside has always had a great influence on its people and traditions. The country has a long history of producing great writers and poets. Its beautiful countryside excites and inspires all,offering something for each of the senses. The peaceful landscape of the "Emerald Isle" and its many green counties is a true feast for the eyes,with its rolling green hills dotted with sheep and cattle. And down by the sea,the roar of the ocean waves and cries of the seabirds make up the music of the coast. On a quiet morning in the mountains,feel the sun on your skin,and breathe in the sweet scent of fresh flowers while birds greet the new day with their morning song. With all this beauty,it is not surprising that Ireland has developed strong traditions that include music,dancing,and dining. To have a chance of experiencing this,stop by a village pub and relax with a glass of wine or a local beer. Better yet,enjoy a delicious traditional Irish Beef Stew. If you're lucky,you might be able to enjoy some traditional music and dancing,too. And if you introduce yourself to a friendly face,you are more than likely to experience local culture and customs first-hand.
1 What makes the lrish countryside exciting and inspiring?
2 What are the best ways to experience some Irish traditions and culture?
3 What is the meaning of "breathe in the sweet scent of fresh flowers while birds greet the new day with their morning song"?
4 What are the best ways to experience Chinese traditions and customs?
2 Analyse the descriptive paragraph.
1 Identify and underline the paragraph's introductory sentence(s) and the ending sentence(s).
2 The paragraph talks about different senses in different places. Write the senses and places in the order that they appear.
Senses: 1
2
3
4 Places: 1
2
3
4
3 What words does the writer use to describe sensory details?
- sight
- smell
- taste
- hearing
- touch 3 Use what you have learnt in this unit to describe an interesting,exciting,or surprising place.
1 Work in pairs. Choose one of your favourite places and tell a partner why you think it is interesting,exciting,or surprising.
2 Use the questions below to describe the place you have chosen.
- What can you see?$\quad$ What can you hear?- How does the place feel?What can you smell?- What can you taste there?What does the place make you think or feel?
3 Use your answers to draft a passage about the place.
Introduction
Make the reader eager to read your writing
A striking image
Something surprising
A quote or question
Transitions
Help the reader follow
your ideas
Body
Details and examples
Use sensory details
Do not use general words
Give examples
Let the reader know that the
Ending
Help the reader remember your writing
In my village,every day starts with a "fire"!The houses turn red as the sun rises above the mountains.
In the morning/afternoon/evening First,second,etc.
In the north ... In the east ...
What can you see,hear,smell,etc.?I learnt a lot. $\rightarrow$ What did you learn?There were many things..$\rightarrow$ What?Some people... $\rightarrow$ Who?
At night,the stars come out to tell us that all is well and my village grows quiet. For now we'll sleep,and tomorrow the sun will set us on fire again for a new day!
## Exchange drafts with a partner.
1 Use the checklist to help you evaluate his/her draft.
$\checkmark$ Does the writer start with an image,quote,or question?
$\checkmark$ Is the description well-organised and easy to read?
$\checkmark$ Has the writer included sensory details?
$\checkmark$ Does the writer use specific words and give examples?
$\checkmark$ Is the ending effective?
$\checkmark$ Can you find any grammar or spelling mistakes?
2 Give your comments to your partner and ask him/her to revise the draft.
5 Put up your passage in the classroom or make a class book about your favourite places. 1 Combine the words with the endings to form words that you learnt in this unit. Then use them to complete the sentences below.
| Words |  |  | Endings |  |  |
| :---: | :---: | :---: | :---: | :---: | :---: |
| $\begin{array}{l}\text { achieve } \\ \text { defend } \\ \text { describe }\end{array}$ | $\begin{array}{l}\text { locate } \\ \text { negate } \\ \text { refer }\end{array}$ | $\begin{array}{l}\text { king } \\ \text { specify }\end{array}$ | $\begin{array}{l}\text {-ce } \\ \text {-dom } \\ \text {-ence }\end{array}$ | $\begin{array}{l}\text {-ive } \\ \text {-ment } \\ \text {-tion }\end{array}$ | -ic |
1 Professor Grange made several to the relationship between the two countries,and gave a lot of background information to explain the situation they are facing.
2 For your homework this week,please do some research on the major of Isaac Newton and give a full of one of these in class.
3 After the war,the was left in ruins,with all of its completely destroyed.
4 That Shanghai restaurant has three different,so if you let me know where your hotel is,l'll give you directions to the closest one.
2 Combine each pair of sentences into one using the past participle of the verb in the second sentence.
1 I heard the trip was to visit our sister school in Boston. That excited me.
2 I heard you had been chosen to join a cultural camp in Greece. That pleased me.
3 Dave could not find a seat in the room. It was very crowded.
4 The photo won the first prize in the competition. It was taken at Cardiff Castle.
5 On the lab table,he found a lot of bottles. They were marked "caution".
## REFLECTING
Do you think the idioms you learnt are useful to know?Why or why not?
( How would you explain why there are many different names for the UK to someone else?
Why is describing different senses useful when you write a text?
Overall,I thought this unit was  interesting  useful  so-so  difficult.
## *Project: Introduce the traditions of a country/city/village
1 Work in groups. Choose a country/city/village and prepare a presentation using a poster. Consider these traditions:
- festivals
- food and drink
- dances,music,or art
- clothing/items
- activities
-...
You should include:
- a poster with photos or drawings showing the traditions
- a demonstration-like a dance,song,object,or local food/drink - ...
2 Divide the work among your group members. Some of you should research traditions,providing photos and detailed descriptions. The others can create the poster. Decide on the roles each of you will play in the presentation.
3 Present your poster to the class. Try to answer any questions asked. You may take the poster about Mexican traditions as an example.
4 As a group,record and evaluate the other groups' presentations by filling in the form below.
| Information | Group 1 | Group 2 | Group 3 | Group 4 | Group.. |
| :--- | :--- | :--- | :--- | :--- | :--- |
| Place |  |  |  |  |  |
| Tradition 1 |  |  |  |  |  |
| Tradition 2 |  |  |  |  |  |
| Tradition 3 |  |  |  |  |  |
| Demonstration |  |  |  |  |  |
| Rating (\%) |  |  |  |  |  |
5 Find out the winners and put up your posters in the classroom.
## BEFORE YOU WATCH
Match the place names below with the photos from the video.
A Big Ben
B Buckingham Palace
C Houses of Parliament
D Tower of London
E National Gallery
F Trafalgar Square
G Tower Bridge
H Westminster Abbey
## WHILE YOU WATCH
1 Complete the sentences below by writing $1-7$ on the lines.
1 The Tower Bridge
2 Westminster Abbey
3 Buckingham Palace
4 The National Gallery
5 Trafalgar Square
6 The Houses of Parliament
7 Big Ben A is a symbol of the city of London.
B is also called the Palace of Westminster.
$\mathbf{C}$ is where the king or queen lives.
D is where all royal funerals and most coronations take place.
$\mathbf{E}$ is in fact the name of the bell in the tower.
$F$ is a traditional place for public meetings.
G contains a great art collection.
2 Answer the questions using information from the video.
What did Samuel Johnson say about London?What makes London a great city to walk in?
## AFTER YOU WATCH
Discuss the questions in groups.
1 What historic places in London would you like to visit?Why?
2 What historic places in your local city would visitors probably like to see most?What could you tell visitors about those places and the traditions of your local city?
## Listening and Speaking
## Talk about music preferences
## Before you listen,discuss the question in groups.
What are the people doing in the pictures below?
## Match the pictures with the correct types of music.
A Chinese traditional
B classical
C country music
D hip-hop
1
2
3
4
A 3 A reporter from the school newspaper is interviewing students about music. Listen to the interviews. Draw lines between the words to make complete sentences. Some words will not be used.
1 The first student likes to
2 The second student likes to
3 The third student likes to
$\begin{array}{ll}\text { dance to } & \text { Chinese traditional songs. } \\ \text { listen to } & \text { classical music. } \\ \text { play } & \text { hip-hop music. } \\ \text { sing } & \text { country music. }\end{array}$
A 4 The reporter paraphrased some of the answers the students gave him. Listen to the interviews again and complete the sentences with the words you hear.
1 A: Country music touches my heart.
B: So you like music that's of?
2 A: When I listen to hip-hop,I just have to move!
B: So it makes you want to __?
3 A: Classical music makes me feel like l'm sitting beside a quiet stream and enjoying nature.
B: So to you,it's and?
## Paraphrase
When you want to explain something difficult to somebody,it is helpful to use easier words with the same meaning. This will help you make it easier to understand.
## Discuss these questions with your classmates.
1 Do these types of music make you feel the same as the students?Why or why not?
2 What type of music do you not like,and how does it make you feel?
6 Talk in pairs. Interview each other about music. Use the pictures below for ideas.
## EXAMPLE
A: What kind of music do you like?
B: I like techno music.
A: What makes it so special to you?
B: I like to listen to it when I exercise. It gives me energy.
## Pronunciation
1 Read the lyrics below from "Blowin' in the Wind" by Bob Dylan. Notice how the plosives are pronounced.
How many roads must a man wal(k) down Before you call him a man?
How many seas must a whi(te) dove sail Before she sleeps in the sand?
Yes,and how many times mus $(\mathrm{t})$ the cannon balls fly Before they're forever banned?
The answer,my friend,is blowin' in the wind The answer is blowin' in the wind.
## Reasons for liking music
touches my heart/soul makes me happy/want to dance gives me energy/hope helps me exercise/study sounds peaceful/beautiful reminds me of home/people I love
## Pipa
stringed instrumentYes,and how many years can a mountain exist Before it's wash(ed) to the sea?
Yes,and how many years can some people exist Before they're allow(ed) to be free?
Yes,and how many times can a man turn his head Pretending he jus( $(\mathrm{t})$ doesn'( $(\mathrm{t})$ see?
The answer,my friend,is blowin' in the wind The answer is blowin' in the wind.
## Learn about experiencing music online
1 Before you read,discuss the question in groups.
How can computers and the Internet help us experience music differently?
(1)) 2 Scan and circle the information in the text.
1 The man who came up with the idea for a virtual choir.
2 The place where he studied musical composition.
3 The name of his song.
Scan a text to find important information such as dates,numbers,and names.
## TH E VIR T UA L CHOI R
Imagine having the opportunity to sing together with hundreds of other people while you are at home alone. You can do this in a virtual choir. Virtual choir members record themselves while they perform alone on video. These videos are uploaded onto the Internet,and then they are put together into one video that you can see online - a virtual choir. Anyone can take part in a virtual choir from anywhere - all you need is a video camera and an Internet connection. You do not even need a studio. A virtual choir helps connect ordinary people together. Many people do not have close friends or contacts who have the same interest in music. Many others do not have the chance to join a local choir. A virtual choir enables them to add their voices to those of other individuals and become part of the global community. It has proved to be a positive influence on the lives of many people. As one virtual choir member said,"Music helps me to ... forget my problems. With music,I become someone else."
The virtual choir was the idea of award-winning composer and conductor Eric Whitacre. Born in the USA on 2 January 1970,Whitacre began studying music at the University of Nevada in 1988. He fell in love with Mozart's classical music when he sang for the university choir. Moved by this music,he said,"It was like seeing color for the first time." He graduated from university in 1995,and then received a master's degree in musical composition from the Juilliard School in New York in 1997. Over the next 10 years,Whitacre's original compositions began to become quite popular among choirs and singers. This led to the creation of the virtual choir.
In 2009,Whitacre received a video of a girl who was singing one of his works. Inspired,he asked his fans to make videos,which he then joined together into one performance. His first virtual choir,"Lux Aurumque",had 185 singers from 12 different countries. It has received millions of views on the Internet. Since then,the virtual choir has become a worldwide phenomenon. Whitacre's next effort was the Virtual Youth Choir for UNICEF,which was first seen on stage on 23 July 2014 in the UK. Altogether,2,292 young people from 80 countries joined in to sing Whitacre's song "What If".
The virtual choir is a wonderful way for people around the world to sing with one voice and thus make the world a better place.
## Read the text again and answer the questions.
1 How is a virtual choir different from other choirs?Who can take part in it?
2 What caused Eric Whitacre to fall in love with classical music?What gave him the inspiration to make his first virtual choir?
4 Find the numbers and dates to fill in the timeline.
2 January 19 Eric Whitacre was born.
19 Whitacre attended the University of Nevada,Las Vegas.
19
Whitacre got a master's degree from the Juilliard School in New York.
2009
Whitacre first got the idea for the virtual choir. His first virtual choir used
singers from different countries;received views on the Internet.
July 2014
Whitacre formed the Virtual Youth Choir for UNICEF. people from countries sang "What If".
5 Learn more about music by completing the sentences with the correct forms of the words and phrase. Then make a mind map about what music means to you.
$$
\begin{aligned}
& \text { ordinary remind perform award effort individual fall in love } \\
& \text { enable stage studio original prove onto opportunity }
\end{aligned}
$$
1 Last night I went to see my friend's new rock band on at a small local music festival.
2 This new pop song me of an old song that was sung by Billy White but later made popular by another singer.
3 I'm so happy!My favourite singer just won a music This that all the she put into her work was worth it.
4 I with rap music when I was a teenager. Listening to it me to relax and forget about my problems.
5 Five years ago,he was finally given a(n)___ to record his song at $a(n)$ . Ever since,his success has shown the world that even people can become famous.
6 Nowadays millions of musical performances are uploaded the Internet every day by different who may or may not be professional musicians or singers.
6 Discuss the questions in groups.
1 What are the advantages and disadvantages of being a member of a virtual choir?
2 Does a virtual choir really bring people together?Why or why not?
## Discovering Useful Structures
## Express feelings and describe situations
1 Look at the following sentences and underline the past participles. Find more of them in the text. In pairs,discuss their functions.
1 Born in the USA on 2 January 1970,Whitacre began studying music at the University of Nevada in 1988.
2 Moved by this music,he said,"It was like seeing color for the first time."
2 Rewrite the story using past participles as the adverbial.
EXAMPLE
The Silver Hall is usually used for singing performances and is full of cheers and energy. $\rightarrow$ Usually used for singing performances,the Silver Hall is full of cheers and energy.
1 Henry was highly interested in music and began to write original compositions when he was in high school.
2 They were pleased with his music and songs and finally invited him to perform in the Silver Hall.
3 Though he was affected by gradual blindness soon after the performance,Henry was still capable of writing compositions and he found that creating music was a relief and cure for his illness.
4 When he got absorbed in his world of music,he felt as if he could "see" the beauty of the world around him,like he had in his previous life.
Find out the differences in meaning and function between the newly written sentences and the original ones.
3 Match the sentence halves and rewrite each sentence beginning with a past participle.
1 The room had been painted in dark colours
2 Dave was unemployed
3 The girl was moved by his romantic words
4 He was corrected by his teacher from time to time
5 The album was recorded in a new way
6 He was invited to perform on the stage
A so he had time to consider what job he really wanted.
B so he felt nervous and excited.
C so it was expected to be popular with techno fans.
D so she accepted his gift.
E so it needed some bright lights.
F so he lost interest in singing.
4 Complete the passage with the words in brackets in their correct forms.
Well known as a successful band,the Impact members show quite a few striking qualities. They never ever give up. When (question) by the media,they are not
(discourage) and practise even harder. They are improving themselves by attending several master training classes. They are united. (fill with) team spirit,they act as a whole,always aiming for glory.
## Listening and Talking
## Plan a music festival
A1 Listen to an announcement about a school music festival. Tick the kinds of volunteers the festival needs.
2 Listen to the announcement again and answer the questions.
1 What kind of songs will Grace Davis sing at the festival?
2 Who can try out as a performer?
3 What can those who think they do not have musical talent do?
4 How can students volunteer to take part?people to give music lessons
choir members
people to run food stands
people to sell festival tickets
people to sell music CDs
people to set up equipment
musical performers
## Talking about preferences
Would you prefer doing ...?
What would you prefer to do?
Would you rather do ... or ...?
What would you rather do?
I'd prefer ... to ...
I'd rather have ... than ...
3 Work in groups. Role-play the conversation or make a new one.
Debbie: Where have you been?You missed the announcement about the music festival.
John: I was at the doctor's office. Music festival?
Frank: Yes,it's going to be next month on the school sports field. John,you can play the piano. How about playing it at the festival?
John: Well,I'd rather play the violin. I can play Liang Zhu.
Frank: Wow!Sounds good. What about you,Debbie?
Debbie: Actually,I don't have much musical ability. l'd prefer just to help out with the crowds.
Frank: You can sell tickets or work at a food stand.
John: $\quad$ So can I assume that the aim of the festival is to raise money?
Debbie: Yes. All of the money will go to charity.
John: Well,if it's for a good cause,everyone should take part!
4 In pairs,talk about what you would do at the music festival.
1 Would you like to sing or play a musical instrument?How else could you help in addition to what has already been mentioned?
2 Whom would you invite?What other activities could you do at the music festival?
## Write a speech
()) 1 Read the speech below and answer the questions.
Good morning!My name is Sarah Williams. It's an honour to be here and to share with you the story of how music has had an impact on my life.
(A) Have you ever faced a time when things looked dark and you had no hope at all?Two years ago,I was told I had a serious disease which was difficult to cure. My body ached all the
time and thus I thought I didn't have much longer to live. I was very afraid and I felt so alone and discouraged. Then one day,I had to go through a two-hour medical treatment. The doctor wanted me to relax,so he had me listen to some music,and one of the songs was "Happy". The song made me feel so much better that from then on I began to listen to music all the time. (B) John A. Logan said,"Music is the medicine of the mind." And it's true. Music helped me recover.
(c) Music gave me happiness. When I listened to music,(D) it made my spirits fly like a kite in the wind. (C) Music gave me strength and brought me relief. (E) It was the rock I leant on to become strong and to get through those hard times. Moreover,(c) music gave me hope and a sense of satisfaction. (F) It became my best friend. It spoke words of encouragement to the deepest part of my being.
Of course,I hope none of you have to go through the same kind of suffering that I did. At the same time,we all go through various periods when we feel sad or alone. During those times,music can help you in the same way that it helped me. I hope all of you will somehow begin to treasure music and make it a part of your life.
Thank you!
1 What was Sarah's problem?
2 How did music help her during her difficult time?
3 What is her advice to others?
2 Study the language features.
1 Match the names of rhetorical devices to the lettered sentences in the speech. metaphor personification
quote repetition
rhetorical question simile
2 What expressions does Sarah use to talk about how music can make us feel?Circle the phrases in the speech. 3 Use what you have learnt to write a speech about how music can change a person's life.
1 Work in groups. Think of ways that people experience music,and how music can help people.
Ways people experience music singing How music can help people give encouragement,
2 Now think about your experience with music and how it has changed your life,or think about how the life of someone you know has been changed by his/her experience with music.
3 Fill in the blanks below with some of the rhetorical devices you hope to use in your speech.
- Metaphor:
- Personification:
- Quote: said,- Repetition: Music makes/gives/helps me/him/her ...
1 2 3
- Rhetorical question: Have you ever?- Simile $(v e r b+$ like):
Complete the outline and use it along with rhetorical devices to draft your speech.
- Introduce yourself. - Write about how music made you/him/her feel.
- Give the topic of your speech.
- Relate your/his/her experience to the audience.
- Write about your experience with music,- Close the speech. or the experience of someone you know.
Hello,my name is,and l'm here to talk about years ago,
4 Exchange drafts with a partner. Use this checklist to help you revise the draft.
$\checkmark$ Does the writer explain how music has changed his/her/someone else's life?
$\checkmark$ Are some of the rhetorical devices included and used properly?
$\checkmark$ Does the writer talk about how music makes him/her/someone feel?
$\checkmark$ Is the first word in each sentence capitalised?
$\checkmark$ Does the writer use correct punctuation?
5 Put up your speech in the classroom or deliver it to your class.
## Assessing Your Progress
## Complete each sentence with a word or phrase from the box.
aim impact peaceful phenomenon somehow souls trying out (for) various
1 Rachel is listening to music to help her concentrate on her studying.
2 Sad love songs often touch the of those who listen to them.
3 Tony is a band that is looking for a guitar player.
4 This new variety of music is a that is spreading around the world.
5 The of this music festival is to bring people of different cultures together.
6 The CD my dad gave me for my birthday contains styles of music.
7 Jazz music had a big on his life because it was the only thing he listened to while growing up.
8 She learnt how to play the piano on her own when she was very young.
2 Read the story and underline the past participles.
I never thought I was very talented at anything agree. Given my inexperience,I chose a fairly to do with music,but my parents wanted me to learn to play the piano at the age of six. To be a good daughter,I agreed to learn even though I wasn't interested in it at all. Experienced in reading her students' minds,my piano teacher could tell after a couple of lessons that my heart was not in it. However,after learning for about six months,I was asked to perform something at the year-end concert arranged by my teacher. Surprised and terrified at the same time,I could only simple composition. In order to perform well,I practised the same composition for an hour a day for the next two months. On the day of the concert,I was so nervous that I woke up with butterflies in my stomach. As it turned out,there was no need to be nervous because all my hard work paid off and I played perfectly. Encouraged by this first performance and the positive reaction of the audience,I have continued to play the piano and enjoy it more every day.
Work in pairs and reflect on the functions of the past participles. What do you think of the girl's experience in learning music?
## @REFLECTING
(- What new music types did you learn in this unit?
๑- What useful vocabulary or structures did you learn in this unit?
(- Could you talk with your friends about music,musicians,and/or their influence on your life after doing this unit?
(- What aspect of music would you like to learn more about,and why?
๑- Overall,I thought this unit was  interesting  useful  so-so difficult.
## *Project: Explore interesting aspects about music
In this project,you are going to make a presentation using a poster or presentation file about one of these topics:
- a musical composition - a musical play or film - a musical instrument
- a musical artist (singer,composer,etc.)
- a concert/a musical performance
1 In groups,discuss these questions.
1 What will be the topic of your presentation?
2 What information do you need to collect?Where can you find this information?
3 What tasks will need to be done so that you can complete this project?(research,writing,making the poster,artwork,etc.)
4 Who in the group will do each of the tasks?
2 Now prepare your presentation,and the poster or presentation file to go with it. Refer to the biography below for main points to include.
## Ludwig van Beethoven
Ludwig van Beethoven (1770-1827) was born in Germany. He started his musical training when he was five years old,and his teachers worked him so hard that he often cried. He started writing music when he was nineteen,and two years later he moved to Vienna to study music and perform. Beethoven first became famous as a pianist. However,by 1800,his musical works were so popular that he was thought of by many as the most important composer of his generation. During this same period,he slowly became deaf. Even though he could not hear with his ears,he could still write music because he could hear music in his head. Most of his greatest musical works were completed after he became deaf. In the later part of his life,he had many health and money issues. He was also lonely because the woman he loved and wanted to marry had left him. His friends tried to help him through his dark times,but his life became marked by sadness. He died after a long illness in 1827. $\sqrt{\sqrt{7}}$ Famous works
Symphony No. 3 (Eroica)《英雄交响曲》Symphony No. 5 (Fate)《命运交响曲》
Symphony No. 9 (The Choral,Ode to Joy)《欢乐颂》Violin Sonata No. 9 (Kreutzer)《克莱采奏鸣曲》Piano Sonata No. 14 (Moonlight)《月光奏鸣曲》Piano Sonata No. 8 (Pathétique)《悲怆奏鸣曲》Bagatelle No. 25 (Für Elise)《致爱丽丝》
3 Now give your presentation to the class. Each member should take turns to explain or show one part of the presentation.
4 After listening to the presentations,decide on the best ones and give tips for improving them.
## BEFORE YOU WATCH
Complete the sentences with the words in the box.
$$
\text { bands performances folk rock co-founded stunning }
$$
1 A singer-songwriter
2
3 All the different
4 The band's music is inspired by traditional Italian dances.
5 The band's music was WOMAD in the 1980s.
from all over the world come to perform at WOMAD. celebrate world music and cultures. and the music of two kinds of and people at the festival enjoyed it a lot.
## WHILE YOU WATCH
1 Check your answers in Before You Watch.
2 Read the statements and decide whether they are true (T) or false (F).
1 WOMAD stands for "world of music,arts,and dance".
2 Marcello Collasurdo is the co-founder of WOMAD.
3 Marcello is from Spaccanapoli.
4 There are eight different instruments used in Marcello's band.
5 Marcello's father taught him to dance the tamurriata when he was young.
$\begin{array}{ll}T \square & F \square \\ T \square & F \square \\ T \square & F \square \\ T \square & F \square \\ T \square & F \square \\ T \square & F \square\end{array}$
6 The streets of Naples are like a stage to Marcello.
## AFTER YOU WATCH
Discuss the questions in groups.
1 Would you like to go to the WOMAD festival?Why or why not?
2 Why is it important to celebrate music,arts,and world cultures?
## UNIT 1
## Using Words and Expressions
1 Find seven words with $p$ as the first letter in the puzzle and circle them. Check their meanings and complete the sentences below with the correct forms of the words from the puzzle.
(Words are hidden horizontally,vertically,or back to front.)
1 The local government tries to find a balance between economic development and heritage
2 The issue whether they should the old buildings in the town gets a lot of attention these days.
3 The new assistant impressed the boss with his creative for solving the company's problems.
4 The department held a meeting to discuss how to the new product.
5 The organisers did their best to the situation from getting worse.
6 Write down your answers and exchange them with your
7 The decision of pulling down the temple led to an immediate
2 Use the verbs in the box to make phrases. Then complete the sentences with the correct forms of the phrases.
$\begin{array}{llll}\text { make } & \text { establish } & \text { keep } & \text { raise } \\ \text { run } & \text { investigate } & \text { conduct } & \text { sign }\end{array}$
1 The purpose of the concert is to for cultural heritage protection in Tongli.
2 between
$2 \begin{aligned} & \text { work and family can be a big challenge for } \\ & \text { many parents. }\end{aligned}$
3 If the power company a proposal the issue a programme hundreds of tests funds a document a balance
8 a committee
,they will take on the responsibility to protect the Semmering Railway (塞默灵铁路).
4 The scientists and finally proved that the medicine helps improve people's health.
5 The museum which helps visitors realise the importance of cultural heritage protection.
6 UNESCO that lists and protects world cultural heritage sites all over the world.
$7 \mathrm{He}$ that we each donate 100 yuan to help preserve the town's intangible cultural heritage.
8 The situation was once again becoming so serious that the officials were asked to immediately. 3 Summarise the text on page 4 by completing the passage. The first letter of each word has been given.
How to balance economic development and cultural heritage $\mathrm{p}$. can be a complex problem. In Egypt the $\mathrm{P}$ of building the Aswan Dam met with $\mathrm{p}$ for fear of d the temples and cultural relics. The government t to the UN for help and e a committee to prevent the 1 of cultural heritage and raise $\mathrm{f}$ internationally. Thanks to the hard work of the g community,the project was completed successfully with the country's cultural heritage preserved.
4 Translate the sentences into English using the words and phrases in brackets.
1 每年泰山都会吸引世界各地的游客来观赏它的美景。(all over the world)
2 把钱花在买高质量的产品上是值得的。( worthwhile,quality)
3 许多国家参与了这项工程,并为保护尼罗河沿岸的文化遗产捐款。(take part in,donate ... to ...)
4 这位父亲非常自豪地把儿子介绍给一位职业运动员。(be proud to,professional athlete)
5 你一定要在上下文当中去理解这些数字,否则它们就没有任何意义。(make sure,in context)
6 你知道从故宫入口到九龙壁有多远吗?(Nine Dragon Wall,entrance)
7 朱迪非常熟悉海外学习项目的申请过程。(overseas study programme,application process)
8 南非,正式名称为南非共和国,地处非洲大陆的南端。(republic,the southern tip) * 5 For each sentence below,write a new sentence as similar as possible in meaning using the phrases given.
1 Some people believe that compared to economic development,cultural heritage protection is less important. (give way to)
2 He made a proposal at the meeting but received a lot of different responses. (lead to)
3 People there are still suffering,though a lot of supplies have been provided by the global community. (prevent ... from ...)
4 I trust him a lot and know he will always be there for me if $I$ am in trouble. (turn to)
5 Volunteers did all they could to raise funds to help the children go back to school. (contribute ...to ...)
## Using Structures
1 Choose the correct words to fill in the blanks.
who whom whose that which when where why
1 That is the site they discovered caves full of Buddha statues.
2 Does anybody know the reason he refused to sign the document?
3 Sue is the person to I sent the text message yesterday.
4 My brother works in a café top-quality Italian food is served.
5 This is the archaeologist discovered the Inca ruins.
6 On the way home,he helped a young man car had broken down.
7 Tasmania is the most unforgettable place I have ever been to.
8 In European countries,the weekend is usually a time nobody goes to work. 9 This is the story in the valuable blue and white porcelain vase from the Ming Dynasty was finally returned to its owner.
2 Join the two sentences using relative clauses. Then translate them into Chinese.
1 Last winter we saw the well-preserved temple for the first time. I will remember it forever.
2 I met a German scientist at the party last week. He is likely to be working in our city.
3 This is the bookshop. I found a book about Liang Sicheng's contribution to protecting China's cultural heritage in it.
4 The boy's proposal was helpful and practical. Most of the students agreed with him.
5 He does not identify happiness with money. That is the reason.
6 The committee was established last year. It plays an important role in environmental protection.
3 Rewrite the sentences by replacing prep + which/whom with when/ where/why.
1 This is the month during which we'd like to travel around.
2 She gave a lecture in the hall in which we interviewed a famous Beijing opera actor last week.
3 Lillian works in a government office in which there are many different departments.
4 Finding a job as a history teacher in another school was the reason for which I moved.
5 Summer is the season in which it is best to practise outside with your team. 6 The Longmen Grottoes were the place in which I met the famous artist who showed me many of his paintings and digital photos.
7 I relied on my car until it broke down at the place at which the three roads met.
8 It is a time at which the sun begins to set and the moon begins to rise. He likes to take photos from the roof of his house.
4 The large stone statues on Easter Island remain a mystery to us. Read about their history and correct the mistakes in the text.
1 No one knows for certain how the islanders transported the statues,they were extremely large and heavy.
2 People doubt that they were dragged (牵引) over the land,that is so rough.
3 Some people think that the islanders used large tools that is made of strong wood.
4 The wood for making the tools probably came from big trees,it did not exist on the island.
5 Some people claim that unknown beings from space moved the statues,they are so heavy.
6 According to the islanders,the finished statues were moved by those had magic powers.
7 It is said that the statues were carved during the sixteenth and seventeenth centuries,when the island was ruled by a mysterious society then.
8 The Dutch visited the island in 1722 the time the society that had made the statues had disappeared.
9 The Dutch wanted to get supplies on this island where there were only four thousand people on it.
## Reading and Writing
())) Discuss the questions in pairs. Then read the text.
1 Do you know of any famous archaeological discoveries?
2 What can we learn by studying cultural relics?
## NEW DISCOVERIES FROM THE PAST
Few discoveries are as dramatic as finding the Titanic at the bottom of the Atlantic or Machu Picchu in the mountains of Peru. But that does not mean that studying history and cultural relics is boring or slow. In fact,exciting new discoveries from the past are made every year. Read the news reports below to learn more about a few recent finds.
## Relics from Ancient Greek Ship Rescued
Athens,8 October 2014. Relics on a Greek ship that sank more than 2,000 years ago have been rescued by an international team of archaeologists and divers. Several artefacts,including a large bronze spear,were found. The ship,which rests 55 metres below the surface,was first discovered in 1900 by local divers. Because the water is so deep,it has been very difficult to examine the ship. Earlier this year,scientists were able to use a robot to photograph and make a map of the wreck. The cultural relics which were then rescued by the international team are among the most important to date and will help answer some of the questions about the history of the ship. "A lot of work has to be done at this site to uncover its secrets," said the leader of the team.
Han Dynasty Treasures to Visit the Capital
Beijing,25 February 2016. Beijing's Capital
Museum will host some 400 rare cultural relics from the Han Dynasty that have been found in Jiangxi Province during the last five years. The relics were chosen from more than 20,000 pieces and include objects made of gold and other metals. Visitors will have a chance to see beautiful works of art as well as pottery and horse chariots. The relics were found in the tomb of Haihunhou,where experts have been digging since 2011.
According to one of the experts,the find is very unusual,and special measures will be taken to safeguard the objects: "We will make sure they are not damaged." The exhibition will open in March and last for three months. 2 Work in pairs. Use what you have learnt in this unit or from newspapers to write a news report.
1 Complete the following with examples from the news reports in the text.
Headline-This should get the reader's attention.
Example:
Lead sentence-This should tell the reader what the whole news report is about.
Example:
Reporting verbs-These let the reader know who said what.
Circle the reporting verbs in the news reports and write one example below.
Example:
2 Use the notes below to write a news report about the Nanhai No. 1.
| $\begin{array}{c}\text { Southern Song } \\ \text { Dynasty } \\ 11127-1279)\end{array}$ | $\begin{array}{l}\text { Nanhai No. } 1 \text { (NN1) built,} 22 \text { metres long,} 10 \text { metres wide } \\ \text { NN1 sailed along Maritime Silk Road } \\ \text { NN1 sank in South China Sea }\end{array}$ |
| :---: | :--- |
| 1987 | British divers discovered NN1 when looking for another ship |
| 2000 | Chinese archaeologists mapped the site |
| 2007 | Chinese divers and scientists began rescuing cultural relics |
| 2008 | $\begin{array}{l}\text { NN1 placed at Guangdong Maritime Silk Road Museum } \\ \text { in Yangjiang }\end{array}$ |
| 2016 | $\begin{array}{l}\text { Archaeologists completed examination of some } \\ 50,000 \text { cultural relics recovered from NN1 }\end{array}$ |
## * Expanding Your World
In 1972,UNESCO started a programme to protect the world's cultural and natural heritage. Since then,more than 800 cultural sites that are thought to be of special importance to human history and culture have been added to the World Cultural Heritage Site List. The Taj Mahal (泰姬陵) in India and the Imperial Tombs of the Ming and Qing Dynasties in China are two of the best known examples.
The Taj Mahal,which was built between 1631 and 1648,is a masterpiece of architecture. It took more than 20,000 workers and 1,000 elephants to complete the project,and the stones came from as far away as China.
Building the Taj Mahal was a labour of love. In the early 17th century,India was ruled by an emperor named Shah Jahan who was married to a woman named Mumtaz. The emperor loved his wife so much that when she died,he built the Taj Mahal in her memory. The beautiful mausoleum was designed to look like what the emperor hoped would be Mumtaz's home in the afterlife. The colour of the buildings appears to change with the light of day. Shah Jahan was later buried next to Mumtaz,and the couple now rest together forever.
If the Taj Mahal is a celebration of the heart,then the Imperial Tombs of the Ming and Qing Dynasties are a monument to the mind and spirit. Visitors who walk among the buildings can feel both the weight of history and a wonderful sense of peace.
What makes the Ming and Qing Tombs unique even among amazing buildings such as the Taj Mahal,Angkor Wat (吴哥窋),and the Cologne Cathedral (科隆大教堂) is that they bring together architecture and philosophy. Built by several emperors between 1368 and 1915 in Beijing,Hubei,Hebei,and Liaoning,the Imperial Tombs represent Chinese cultural and historical values that have been handed down from generation to generation for thousands of years.
Human life lasts only a short time but art and culture last forever. The UNESCO World Cultural Heritage Sites programme attempts to protect and preserve the best of human history. Masterpieces such as the Taj Mahal and the Imperial Tombs of the Ming and Qing Dynasties remind us of what we can achieve at our finest,and inspire us to live up to our great past in the future.
## UNIT 2
## Using Words and Expressions
1 Look at the underlined word(s) in each sentence and choose the most similar meaning.
1 Mass extinction is caused by hunting,habitat loss,and pollution.
A huge
B most
C common
2 Our planet's wildlife is dying out at an alarming rate.
A price
B speed
C interest
3 What measures are being taken to help them?A efforts
B amounts
C signs
4 The authorities are under pressure to build elephant parks ...
A organisations
B experts
C government departments
5 This is why were here — to observe Tibetan antelopes.
A notice
B follow
C carefully watch
6 The antelope population has recovered.
A returned to its earlier level
B become well again
C got back money
7 The government does not intend to stop the protection programmes.
A pretend
B try
C plan
8 Without variety our planet cannot survive.
A numbers
B differences
$\mathrm{C}$ shows 2 Rewrite each sentence with a phrase containing the word in brackets.
## EXAMPLE
Some rare animals are dying out at an alarming speed. (rate) $\rightarrow$
Some rare animals are dying out at an alarming rate.
1 The shepherds took care of their sheep. $($ watch $) \rightarrow$
2 I couldn't understand what he was saying. $($ make $) \rightarrow$
3 We are worried about endangered animals. (concern) $\rightarrow$
4 This poster makes me realise the importance of protecting wildlife. (remind) $\rightarrow$
5 Everyone understands the animals' serious situation. (aware) $\rightarrow$
6 Several bird species are in danger of extinction. (die) $\rightarrow$
7 The zoo provides shelter for a lot of different animals. (variety) $\rightarrow$
8 We are looking forward to living in peace with all wildlife. (harmony) $\rightarrow$
3 Complete the speech about wildlife protection by translating the Chinese in brackets into English. Then read it to a partner.
As we know,so many wild animals and plants are dying out every day. Someone has to speak up for
(濒危野生生物). I'd like to do that. Their lives (正遭受威胁). Time is ticking away and more animals are dying out. Some (有效的措施) must therefore be taken immediately. The most important thing for the authorities is to （建造更多的
自然保护区 ). Besides,it is high time to stop the people who
(非法捕猎). There are also other things we can do to help. For example,here I (设计了一个海报，让更多的人意识到保护野生生物的重要性 ). I will never wear fur clothes,eat shark fin soup,or buy other products made from wild animals in the future. I hope you'll agree with me and follow my example.
## Using Structures
1 Complete the sentences with the correct forms of the given verbs.
1 A new library (build) in our school. It will open next year.
2 Conservation programmes for wild animals (discuss) in Australia now.
3 What (do) in your town to protect local wildlife?
4 Don't worry. Measures (take) to stop such a thing from happening again.
5 I (tell) that my ID and password are not working. What should I do now?
6 Mum,my computer (fix). Can I use yours for a while?
7 It is believed that many plant species (threaten) with extinction.
2 Rewrite the sentences using the present continuous passive voice.
1 The zoo is opening a new area for the two baby elephants.
2 The doctors are not examining the patient.
3 They are raising more funds for research into wildlife protection.
4 The city is setting up a new nature reserve for endangered animals.
5 Today we are completing our writing task online.
4 Fill the boxes with as many words and phrases as you can think of.
## Wildlife protection
Endangered species
South China tiger
forest die out
Situations
reserve 3 Read each sentence. If you find a mistake,underline it and write the correct form on the line. If the sentence is right,put a tick on the line.
1 Nowadays more and more functions are adding to mobile phones.
2 Don't call Mary. She is interviewed right now.
3 Are the right decisions being made?We have to wait and see.
4 Our speech is preparing. It will be ready in one or two hours.
5 Highway traffic is slowing down by the accident.
6 You can find online what new clothes are selling.
7 The park which is rebuilt will be open to tourists next month.
8 Where is the experiment being carried out by the students?
4 Read and complete the passage about wildlife protection with the correct verb forms in brackets.
The balance of nature on our planet (threaten) as a large number
of species (drive) to extinction. Some scientists predict that half of all our plants and animals will be extinct by 2100 . The question is why these species (endanger).
One of the main reasons is loss of habitat.
Animal habitats
(destroy) as humans search for more natural resources to consume (消费). More land (also use) for growing
crops or keeping livestock ( 家畜 ). In addition,massive amounts of waste (produce) by humans,which are polluting animal habitats. Harmful chemicals (create) by human activities
are being released into the air,water,and soil. The whole of nature (affect) by human beings.
However,much has been done and (still do) to save endangered
species. Many programmes
(design) to preserve the populations of endangered species. In my opinion,there is still hope that humans can live in harmony with all things on the earth.
5 Complete the speech with the correct sentences or clauses. Then discuss possible solutions in groups.
Hello,everyone!I've just come back from a wonderful trip to Tibet. It was so beautiful there that . The scenery was so impressive and the air was so fresh and clean.
However,Cans,as they pass through
Tibet. I worry about the effect this will have on the local wildlife. We should all think about this.
A Visitors are being told to pay more attention to protecting the environment.
B this beautiful countryside is being spoiled by careless visitors
C paper and plastic bags are still being thrown away by many tour groups
D How can we make visitors more aware of the damage that is being done to the environment?
E I felt I was in a fairyland (仙境)
## Reading and Writing
(1)) 1 Tell a partner what you know about the milu deer. Then read the text.
## THE STRANGE TALE OF THE MILU DEER
The milu deer,one of China's most beloved animals,is also one of its strangest. How else could you describe a creature that has the face of a horse,the hoofs of a cow,the antlers of a red deer,and the tail of a donkey?
The history of the species is nearly as strange as its body. The milu deer used to be common in China long ago. Like other deer,they lived together and ate grass as well as the soft parts of trees,such as small branches.
However,milu deer were often hunted for food or sport in the past. The Ming and Qing dynasties did not protect them and many were killed. In 1900,the milu deer disappeared from China.
However,before all the deer were killed in China,some were taken to Europe. The Duke of Bedford from Britain collected all the milu deer from Europe and put them in his deer park. The deer liked the cool,wet weather in England,and their numbers increased year by year. In 1985,20 milu deer were reintroduced from Britain to China and placed in the Beijing Nanhaizi Milu Park in southern Beijing. The next year another herd of 39 arrived from the UK to the Dafeng Milu Nature Reserve in Jiangsu Province.
The milu deer certainly seemed happy to be back in China because their numbers started to grow steadily. There were soon so many of them that 64 milu deer were sent to a newly opened reserve in Shishou,Hubei Province from Beijing in the 1990s. They can move freely in the reserve,feed entirely on wild plants,and continue to safely thrive.
At the moment,the milu deer are still living in reserves where they are being protected and cared for. As a result,their population is now recovering fast. Soon a new chapter will be added to the strange tale of these special animals. The deer are being trained to survive outside the park so that they can one day all return to the wild. The rescue of the milu deer is already a success story. Now it is up to us to make sure that the deer live happily ever after.
## Answer the questions.
1 Why do people think the milu deer looks strange?
2 Why did the milu deer become extinct in China?
3 How did the milu deer return to Beijing?
4 What do you think will happen to the milu deer in the future?
3 Write a letter to the WWF asking them for help to save one of the endangered animals you are most concerned about.
Decide on an endangered wildlife species
(
Do some research to find out why the animal is endangered (
Give your ideas on how to save it and explain what the WWF could do to help
(
Draft a letter to the WWF
$\mathbf{W W} \mathbf{F}^{\circ}$ Is it being hunted and killed?Why?
Is its food source in danger?Why?
Is its habitat being threatened?Why?
Do people know that the animal is endangered?How?
What are some ways to protect the animal?
How could its habitat be preserved?
What could be done to let people know about the situation?
Dear Sir/Madam,
Yours faithfully,
(signature)
## * Expanding Your World
## U R B A N W I L D L I F E
Cities are diverse ecosystems. In addition to visitors from the wild,such as coyotes (丛林狼) in Los Angeles or boars (野猪) in Berlin,a large number of species share our urban areas. As our cities spread,we need to think about what it is like for other species to have human neighbours.
Because cities are built for humans,they do not always provide suitable habitats for wildlife. For example,most city parks are kept neat and tidy so that humans will find them beautiful. But when we cut grass or plant flowers,we destroy natural habitats.
Our actions sometimes help other species. When a bridge in Austin,Texas was repaired,engineers added small gaps running along the length of its bottom. This made a good home for bats,and soon the bridge was the home of thousands of bats. At first,people were afraid of the bats and tried to get rid of them. Now,they have come to value their winged neighbours. The bats are a tourist attraction,and they eat lots of bugs every night.
There are also structures built with the objective of bringing wildlife into the city. The Beijing Olympic Forest Park is a good example. The park used native plants and created open,natural spaces for wildlife. The result is a zone in Beijing with over 160 species of birds. In many ways,the park is the opposite of a zoo. Instead of being kept in cages,wildlife can move about
freely.
Another example is a 2011 proposal for a tall "Birdscraper" building in New York. The building is intended to protect birds and fight pollution at the same time. It would be in the middle of a lake,birds would sit on it,and their
droppings would fall into the water. The droppings would feed water plants which would then create oxygen through photosynthesis ( 光合作用).
If we learn to share our space,we can become better neighbours to the wildlife around us. If we do not,more species will become extinct and our own future will be endangered.
## Using Words and Expressions
1 Learn more about the benefits and drawbacks of the Internet. Complete the conversations with the correct forms of the words below.
$\begin{array}{lll}\text { update } & \text { false } & \text { theft } \\ \text { access } & \text { upset } & \text { account } \\ \text { benefit } & \text { download } & \text { database }\end{array}$
## Conversation 1
A: What is your favourite way to get information?
B: Through the Internet,of course.
A: But what about books?
B: You're kidding,right?The Internet is much more . My studies have really a lot from it.
A: But the information on the Internet may be . You should be careful.
## Conversation 2
A: Why do you look so
B: All my money has been stolen from my bank . Inever thought online identity could happen to me.
A: Oh,I'm so sorry to hear that!Have you reported it to the police and the bank?Maybe you can get all your money back if you're lucky enough.
B: Yes,I've done that already. Let's hope it's just a bank error!
## Conversation 3
A: Do you have any bicycle rental apps?
B: No,though I've heard about them. How do you use them?
A: Just an app on your smartphone. You can find the nearest bike in the app. Just enter the bike number in the app and then you can ride it.
B: That's cool,isn't it?They must have to constantly their 2 Make collocations and then complete the sentences with them.
of with by on to
A familiar
B comment
C keep track
D inspired
E get discounts
1 The Internet of Things (IoT) will make it possible for airplane engineers to the condition of airplane parts.
2 They are famous musicians,and share their projects on a charity website where artists find supporters and raise money.
3 An increasing number of people like shopping online because they can often many goods.
4 All the people invited to the meeting the new bus app.
5 People are always more relaxed in places which are them.
3 Translate the sentences into English using the words and phrases in brackets.
1 用网络和朋友保持联系是很方便的。(convenient,keep in touch with)
2 我想介绍两款你们两个都不熟悉的应用程序。(app,be familiar with)
3 没有人陪伴,她开始在网上聊天来打发时间。(keep somebody company,chat online)
4 在别人哭泣的时候永远不要嘲笑,因为你可能永远不能充分了解他们经历过多么艰难的时刻。(make fun of,go through,tough times)
## 5 要记住,你的个人信息一定要保密。(keep Using Structures
in mind,keep ... private)6 坚持锻炼三个月后,他的状态更好了。(in 1 Complete the sentences with the good shape) present perfect passive voice of the given verbs.
4 Read and complete the passage about online communication using the discourse markers in the box.
$\begin{array}{lll}\text { although } & \text { for example } & \text { however } \\ \text { then } & \text { to begin with } & \text { such as } \\ \text { rather } & \text { as long as } & \end{array}$
## Connect Online to Meet Offline
In our information technology society,we often have more communications online than offline.,just compare the number of people to whom you have sent online messages with that of the people you've actually met in the past two weeks.
there are now mobile apps which allow you to connect with strangers online and then meet them in person,and I'm not talking about dating apps!,I'm referring to apps which help to connect people with similar interests who live in the same city. get online and find a
group that interests you.,simply join the group. you're in a group with like-minded people,you will be able to enjoy doing the same activities together. You can do this for free,some appswill ask you to pay if you want to create an interest group.
There is a wide variety of interest groups out there,those for hiking,football,photography,board games,poetry,or dog owners. You name it,they've got it!This is really a great way to network,meet people if yourre new to a city,or simply to make new friends.
1 A: Why can't I access my account?
B: your personal information (update)?
2 Both learning sites (visit) by over 10,000 people since last year.
3 This keyboard (not use) for a long time.
4 Can you tell me what (do) to bridge the digital divide?
5 In the past year I (inspire) to buy e-books instead of paper books.
6 A: Where can I read those comments?
B: Online. They (post) already.
7 It seems that more health problems (cause) by mobile phones.
8 That app___ (delete) from my smartphone already.
2 Find and correct the mistake in each sentence.
## EXAMPLE
This app was used several times since I has been downloaded it.
1 How much money has spent on the earthquake recovery?
2 The girl is really upset because her new bicycle has stolen.
3 These old houses have been built in the 18th century.
4 It's a pity that the letter has never sent to his father.
5 Little had been seen of them since they moved into the house down the street. 3 Read the newspaper headlines. Change them into complete sentences as the example.
EXAMPLE
E-library on School Website — for Students
$\rightarrow$ An e-library for students has been set up on the school website.
1 Boy's Video Streamed over Two Million Times
25 Records Broken Today
3 Intelligent Search Engine Designed for Teenagers
4 Theft of Large Amount of Cash from Small Bank
5 STUDENTS: 30\% Discount on Smartphones
6 Government Done Much to Stop Cyberbullies
4 Complete the notice with the correct forms of the verbs in brackets.
## Notice to parents
Dear Parents,
We hope you will welcome this news.
Almost 100 computers
(give) to us by a local computer company since the end of last year. A decision (make) to begin a
computer teaching experiment at our school. Our plan (support)
with technical equipment and advice which (provide) by the City Information Technology Centre.
Every teacher
(provide) with a laptop since the beginning of this term.
More recently,most of our courses (teach) using
computers. We (help)
in our teaching by a lot of information from the Internet. Also,a new computer room (set up) in our school. We hope you will be happy with this exciting new development in our school.
No. 8 Senior High School
5 Think about what you have done this week. Write as many things as you can. Then share with a partner.
## EXAMPLES
What has been finished
My room has been cleaned.
The flowers in my room have been watered.
What has not been finished
My learning diary has not been written.
The plan for this weekend has not been made.
6 The present perfect passive voice is often used in formal situations such as articles or speeches. Below,a headmaster is making a speech. Help him complete it.
Name Prize for
Wang Xiaoding best in science
Wu Lei top scores all year
Li Li excellent class monitor
Zhang Hong most well-behaved student
in the class
Hi,everyone!
The prizes this year have been awarded (奖励) to four students for their outstanding work. It (decide) that the Best in Science prize will go to Wang Xiaoding. Wu Lei (award) the prize for getting
the highest scores in the tests all year. She deserves this prize for all her hard work. Li Li (name) ...
## Reading and Writing
())) 1 Read the blog post and complete the tasks.
## MY DAY ONLINE
Many people agree that our lives have been changed by the Internet,but I have recently realised that I live nearly my entire life online!
In the morning,I wake up and immediately check my messages. I usually have messages from friends or family,and I always reply right away. Then I open my favourite online radio station and listen to music while I get ready for school.
While I'm eating breakfast,I often read news articles online. Sometimes I read news out loud for my mum while she cooks breakfast. She doesn't have much time to read,so she enjoys hearing me read aloud to her.
On my way to school,I usually wear my earphones so I can listen to an English podcast ( 播客) with interesting talks about many different topics. It's a good way to improve my English listening,especially on days when English is the first lesson.
At lunch,I like to check some online forums (论坛) about topics I'm interested in,such as pop music and TV shows. I read the updated posts from other forum members and post my own thoughts when I think they will be helpful to other people. I think it's a good way to connect with others who share the same interests as me.
On the way home from school,I almost always play with one of the many learning apps on my phone. I have an app that helps me practise maths,an app to practise English grammar,and another one to help me memorise new vocabulary. It's a fun way to keep on learning even after all my classes are over.
After dinner,I start my homework,and that often means going online to do research. My history teacher,my Chinese literature teacher,and my English teacher all often give homework assignments that require me to go online and look up information. So I'm nearly always online in the evening,reading online resources for my homework.
If I finish my homework before 9:00 p.m.,my parents will let me play half an hour of video games,which are almost always online games!I like online games because I can play with my friends even when we're not in the same place.
My final thing to do every day is to listen to an audio book online before I go to sleep!Sometimes I like to read an online book,but I don't like to look at a screen just before bedtime,so audio books are the perfect thing for me. It's a great way to drift off to sleep. 1 Fill in the table with the online activities that the student does throughout the day. Then mark each activity as entertainment (E),social use (S),or learning (L).
2 Ask yourself the following questions for each activity. Note down a few words in the table.
- Do I do it,too?- Is it a good/bad activity?Why?- Is there anything better or just as good to recommend?
| Time of day | Online activity | $\begin{array}{l}\text { Activity } \\ \text { type }\end{array}$ | $\begin{array}{l}\text { I do } \\ \text { or not }\end{array}$ | $\begin{array}{l}\text { Good } \\ \text { or bad }\end{array}$ | Why | Recommendation |
| :--- | :---: | :---: | :---: | :---: | :---: | :---: |
|  | $\begin{array}{l}\text { check for messages } \\ \text { and reply }\end{array}$ | $s$ | no | $\begin{array}{c}\text { not so } \\ \text { good }\end{array}$ | a waste of time | $\begin{array}{l}\text { listen to English } \\ \text { radio programme }\end{array}$ |
Morning
Noon
Afternoon
Evening
3 Do you think it is a good idea to spend so much time online?Why or why not?
2 Write a comment about the blog post.
1 There are a number of ways to organise your ideas. How would you like to organise your ideas?Choose one way from the list below and explain why.
A By the time of day when the activities happen.
B By the type of activity (entertainment,social,learning).
C By opinion: good versus bad.
D By the ones I do versus the ones I don't do.
2 Be sure to start with an introduction and end with a conclusion.
I think your daily online activities are very surprising/shocking/interesting/normal. ...
To sum up,I think that your online activities are ...
## * Expanding Your World
Courses that are taught via the Internet,or online courses,have become popular in many countries. There are different kinds of online courses,but most show a video of a teacher and students in a classroom. Students watch the video online and take part in online activities. Some courses are free and open to anyone,giving students anywhere the chance to study at any time. Of course,watching students and teachers on a computer screen is not the same as taking part in a real class.
Other kinds of e-learning are being tested around the world. In Singapore,eight schools have been chosen to try new ways of using technology in the classroom. The schools have tablets and touchscreens instead of books and blackboards in the classrooms. There are also social media platforms to help the students work together on projects,and online "worlds" where the students can interact with each other and the digital environment while completing different learning tasks.
In South Korea,some students have been taught English by teachers in the Philippines and other countries since 2011. The teachers are in their home countries and are connected to the Korean classrooms via the Internet. Instead of looking at a screen,the students interact with a robot in the classroom. The robot is controlled by the teacher and can move around the classroom and talk with the students. It is unlikely that robot teachers will replace real teachers,but like online learning environments,they can be useful tools.
These important examples show us that e-learning can be successful. Thanks to technology,more and more ways of teaching and learning are being developed. Nobody knows what the classroom of the future will look like,but one thing is for sure-there has never been a more interesting time to be a student.
## UNIT 4
## Using Words and Expressions
1 Study the words in bold. Circle the odd one out in each group.
## Group A
1 In 1801,the "United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland" was formed.
2 The United Kingdom consists of four countries.
3 Ireland has 26 counties.
4 The ship spent four days in port.
## Group B
1 Does the writer use specific words and give examples?
2 Try to adopt a positive attitude towards life.
3 Never hold a negative attitude towards people.
4 I don't mean to be rude,but I'd rather be alone.
## Group C
1 Shall we go to the pub for a drink?
2 No,thanks. I'm not old enough for beer.
3 I don't drink wine,only spirits.
4 Bob hasn't lost his strong Irish accent.
2 Complete each sentence with the correct form of a word or phrase in the box.
$\begin{array}{lll}\text { chief } & \text { battle } & \text { join to } \\ \text { ensure } & \text { aspect } & \text { former } \\ \text { formal } & \text { position } & \text { generous } \\ \text { ancestor } & \text { belong to } & \text { military defence }\end{array}$
1 The three airport terminals are each other by a small train.
2 The four countries the United Kingdom. 3 A huge amount of government money is spent on
4 The Normans ruled England after the of Hastings.
5 It is important to know the differences between and informal English.
6 Each generation will reap (收猋) what the generation has sown ( 播种) .
7 CEO means Executive Officer.
8 Is DNA testing a dependable way to learn more about one's
9 While taking pictures,that the camera is at the eye level of the subject.
10 Being without expecting something in return is an important of being a good person.
3 Add one word to make each sentence correct.
1 I need to go to the bookshop as well the bank this afternoon.
2 Far away our village the train whistles sounded.
3 The Irish countryside offers a feast our eyes.
4 Keep eyes open for the unique landscape.
5 And above,keep your mind open as well while travelling.
4 Read and complete an interview with a detective novelist,using the correct forms of the words in the box.
$$
\text { legal greet gallery }
$$
(J: Journalist A: Arthur)
J: Congratulations,Mr Rogers!I've been told that loud cheers the news that your new detective novel would come out soon. A: Thank you.
J: It was reported in the Annual Review that you did a lot of research into the English Channel Tunnel and the National before you started to write. Why did you do that?
A: In order to avoid complications,I wanted to collect some truthful information.
J: Would you please tell us the structure of your novel?
A: Sorry,it's a secret.
J: Oh,I see. Anyway,thank you for speaking with us,Mr Rogers. And congratulations again on your new book.
5 Read and complete the passage with the correct forms of the words below.
$\begin{array}{ll}\text { roll } & \text { description } \\ \text { landscape } & \text { surround }\end{array}$
Behind a small cottage just outside the village lies the beautiful Twinflower Pond,whose name is a reference to a special wild flower in Scotland. It's a favourite with both locals and visitors. The pond is part of a rich natural which is home to quite a few wild plants and animals. The area provides an ideal habitat and plenty of food for,wildcats,and various species of birds,such as blackbirds and coots. Moreover,two miles away and by
hills,there is a lake where otters and kingfishers ( 水獭和翠鸟 ) can often be seen. All in all,the appeal of this small quiet village is beyond
## Using Structures
1 Complete the sentences using the past participles of the verbs or phrase as the object complement.
$$
\begin{array}{lll}
\text { notice } & \text { please } & \text { add } \\
\text { impress } & \text { charge } & \text { take care of }
\end{array}
$$
1 His gaining admission to Peking University made his parents very
2 Be confident. This bright-coloured dress will get you
3 If you want to make the food tastier,you could have more spices to the dishes.
4 She found herself by the beauty of the landscape in Australia.
5 Getting back from her business trip,Judy was happy to see her puppies well by her friend.
6 Remember to get your battery before setting off from the camping ground.
2 Complete the sentences using the past participles of the verbs as the attribute.
$\begin{aligned} & \text { reserve design pack } \\ & \text { pollute complete }\end{aligned}$
1 drive first engine
Thas invented by James Watt,an inventor
and engineer.
6 In the car park of the National Museum there are parking spaces for people with disabilities. 3 Complete the sentences using the past participles of the verbs as the attribute or the object complement.
repair cut excite raise open position prepare style surround
1 They finallygot that broken vase in the National Museum Collection by a team of relic restorers.
2 The director got the actors so that everyone could fit into the picture.
3 Do you know how long a(n) jar of peanut butter can stay fresh?
4 This is a well-written book which lists the things to do if one wants to get people about his research.
5 Claire went to the hairdresser's and had her hair and before the piano performance.
6 At the foot of the hill was a mysterious little hut
$7 \mathrm{Mr}$ Clark put the honey for the picnic into his basket.
8 These are the cattle on a special diet which can produce highquality milk.
4 Complete the conversations with the past participles of the verbs as the attribute or the object complement.
$\begin{array}{cll}\text { make connect } & \text { addict } \\ \text { hide } & \text { write } & \text { trap }\end{array}$
1 A: What do you think of the weather?
B: It drives me crazy sometimes!The continuous heavy rain had me at home last week.
2 A: Do you like that new TV series?
B: Yes,it really has me
3 A: What's your travel plan for this weekend?
B: I'm so interested in the plays by Shakespeare that I'm going to Stratford-upon-Avon this weekend.
4 A: Why do you like this park so much?
B: We like to look for the birds in the trees. 5 A: What was the decision by the committee based on?
B: There wasn't enough money to start the project.
6 A: Excuse me. Is there a problem?
B: Yes. I'm trying to use the Wi-Fi,but I can't get my computer
5 Read and complete the passage about Annie and the royal ball by translating the words in brackets into English.
Annie was (兴奋的) to find her name on the list of people ( 邀请) to the royal ball at Windsor Castle. She took out a dress ( 做 ) long ago for this special day. She turned around and around,enjoying her look in the mirror. The next day at the ball,she really found herself well ( 接待). She danced with a few polite young men ( 介绍 ) to her. All in all,she found Windsor Castle to be a place which would never leave anyone (感到无聊).
6 Read and complete the passage about travelling in Paris with the past participles of the verbs as the attribute or the object complement.
I still remember my time travelling in Paris. Almost everything there left me I was surprised to find old buildings such as the Palace of Versailles and the Louvre Museum quite well . At the same time,many futuristic buildings with high-tech facilities could be found all over. I felt it a pity to have my trip so soon.
## Reading and Writing
4)) 1 Discuss the questions below in pairs. Then read the texts.
1 Would you prefer to visit a modern city or a historic city?Why?
2 Tell a partner about a historic city you have visited or would like to visit.
3 What are some similarities and differences between your local city and the cities shown in the photos?
Love,Cleo
Hi from Athens,John!There is just so much ancient history to explore here. My first stop was the Acropolis. What a place-I never realised the columns would be so big!The old quarter of Plaka (普拉卡) is just like a painting -little streets of houses on hills,all painted white and blue. I go there every night and find a little restaurant to try some traditional Greek food. After my meal,I always order a lovely Greek coffee and just soak up the atmosphere. Tomorrow,I'm going to see the changing of the guard. I can't wait to take a selfie with them-and their funny shoes!Take care!
Sally
Tutankhamun's mask 2 Read the texts again and underline any words or phrases that relate to history or tradition,and then answer the questions below.
1 What sort of writing is the text?
2 What things impressed Cleo about Cairo?
3 What was the Athens old quarter of Plaka like,and what did Sally do each night?
4 What do you think the two cities have in common?Which would you like to visit more,and why?What cities in China do you think are similar to Cairo or Athens?
3 Your Australian friend Adam is coming to China next month for a short visit. He really likes Chinese history and traditions. What city would you recommend to him?Choose a historic city to write about,and draw a map of the city to accompany your writing.
1 Consider which historic and traditional features you should include.
2 Draw a simple map of the city. Add icons and legends to the map to help others understand it. Also include some reference photos,if possible.
4 Write one paragraph to describe the historic city and another paragraph to say why you recommend Adam visit it.
Hi there,Adam!
## * Expanding Your World
A speech contest is being held at an international school. The topic is“My family treasure and traditions". This speech is from a Russian student.
## Samovar-the Special Teapot
Hello,my speech today is about a very special teapotthe samovar!It's a traditional Russian water boiler that can also brew tea. It played a big part in Russian history and was a central part of Russian family life for a very long time. I know this because there is a very old samovar in my home that we treasure dearly. It belonged
to my great-grandmother's great-grandmother,and the story of how she bought it has been passed down from generation to generation along with the samovar. So let me tell you how this samovar became part of our family.
Almost 200 years ago,my great-grandmother's great-grandmother was trying to survive yet another freezing Russian winter when she heard about a new invention called a "samovar",which means "self-boiler" in Russian. In her family,they could only boil water on their big stove. The new samovar could make hot water much easier and could be transported anywhere,not to mention that it required much less fuel. Although they were poor,they decided to use their savings to invest in a samovar. So early one cold winter morning,she set out to a distant town. After four hours of struggling through snow,she found the town and quickly bundled her new samovar into her sack and hurried home. The samovar was then proudly placed in her main room and has been in use by my family ever since.
The samovar tea-making process is quite special and has two stages. First,a teapot containing lots of tea leaves and a little water is placed on top of the samovar. As the samovar heats up,the teapot begins to produce a strong tea concentrate. Next,the tea concentrate is poured into cups,after which water from inside the samovar is added by using the tap. In contrast to special tea ceremonies that can be found in countries like China,the samovar is much less reserved and is traditionally enjoyed with a few sweet snacks. This is a little similar to the British tradition of an informal cup of tea served with snacks. However,with the samovar,tea is usually taken without milk,and sugar is not placed in the cup but rather in the drinker's mouth,to be slowly melted away by the warm tea.
In closing,in my opinion,regardless of how it is made,one thing is for sure: Tea makes the world go round!Invented in China,it breaks through cultural barriers and provides great relief after a hard day's work. Every time we have a special occasion in my family,out comes the family samovar. The samovar symbolises happiness,and that's one thing that I want to keep in my family forever!
## UNIT 5
## Using Words and Expressions
1 Fill in the blanks with words related to music.
2 Rewrite the sentences using words and phrases from the box to replace the parts in italics.
$\begin{array}{lll}\text { aim } & \text { from then on } & \text { talent } \\ \text { ordinary } & \text { opportunity } & \text { various } \\ \text { impact } & \text { in addition } & \end{array}$
1 I put the letter into a plain envelope.
2 Thank you for giving me the chance to try out for the famous musical.
3 The musician developed a serious disease in 2007 and has suffered stomachaches since then. 4 The poster has been produced with the purpose of increasing sales of the singer's new album.
5 Classical music seems to have an important influence on keeping one's soul at peace.
6 Different kinds of people turned up at the music festival.
7 Her gift for music showed at an early age.
8 The flute is a nice musical instrument;moreover,it is not expensive.
3 Complete the sentences using the correct forms of the verbs in the box.
$\begin{array}{lll}\text { remind } & \text { enable } & \text { prove recover } \\ \text { go through } & \text { set up } & \text { fall in love with } \\ \text { previous } & \text { romantic } & \text { (be) capable of }\end{array}$
1 This peaceful music the novelist to focus all her attention on the writing.
2 The concert to be very successful in the end.
3 This lively song me of my years in Kenya.
4 Instead of helping out with the crowds,he volunteered to equipment for the music festival.
5 Music helped him from the shock of this terrible accident.
6 She hip-hop music the first time she watched it performed on stage.
7 The musician bravely a oneyear medical treatment for the serious disease.
8 You should volunteer. You performing at music festivals.
9 Many styles of music start as a reaction to a one by changing it somehow in one way or another.
10 Music in the Period is usually considered to be more expressive and emotional. 4 Read and complete the interview with a singer using the correct forms of the words below.
moreover individual
award altogether being
A: Congratulations on winning the Best Singer
B: Thank you.
A: Do you feel that your songs are popular with people of all ages?
B: I'm not sure. Tastes in music depend on the involved,you know.
A: Then who is your main target audience?
B: Teenagers,actually.
A: Until now,you have produced three albums,and they have all sold very well. Do you have any effective marketing strategies?
B: No,I don't.,I don't think I need one. I focus my attention on writing and singing songs. I hope that fans will find something in my songs that touches a part of their
A: It's said that you are making efforts to prepare for a classical music performance. Is it true?
B: Shh ... It is a secret.
5 Are you interested in starting a small band?Read and complete the passage using the words below in their correct forms.
outline band opportunity studio original in addition composition
Almost every teenager dreams of having the to sing in public or even
becoming famous as a singer. Actually,you do not have to sing in a Nor do you need a to make records. You can just start with your friends. Get your musical instruments ready and begin practising singing now.
it is highly recommended that you write your own compositions,which will help develop your identity in music. First,write a(n) of what the song is about. Then use it and other linguistic devices (语言手段) to write something like a poem. After that,try singing the poem out loud using different melodies and note them down. Practise again and again. This is a great way to create your own
## Using Structures
1 Join the sentences by using past participles.
1 I am given the opportunity to perform alone on video. I will enjoy the experience.
2 He was presented with the Player of the Year Award. Sam completed the final year of his career with great satisfaction.
3 Whitacre was inspired by his fans. He continued with his original compositions.
4 These videos were uploaded onto the Internet. They soon became popular.
5 They were invited to be volunteers at the music festival. They are learning a lot from this opportunity.
6 They are connected by virtual music. They often perform and write musical compositions together online.
2 Complete these sentences with the correct forms of the verbs.
1 (give) some advice by a famous musician,the young singer was not__(worry) about his performance any more.
2 Thousands of (excite) fans welcomed the (respect) songwriter.
3 The (alarm) passengers rushed to help the (injure) woman. 4 peaceful music,he decided to study classical music in university.
5 (form) by some
teenagers,the band soon became popular among students (interest) in hip-hop.
6 The top of the mountain is (cover) with snow for most of the year.
7 Those good old days are (go) forever!
3 Complete these sentences with the correct forms of the words in italics.
1 It is important to speak English as much as possible,but it frightens many students.
to speak in front of so many people,they miss a lot of chances for improvement.
2 Great people are stronglyinfluential ( 有影响力的 ).
by their beliefs and qualities,we are trying to make a difference.
3 It was a long,tiring climb.
Very,I slid into bed and fell fast asleep that night.
4 Thank you for sharing your new song with us.
Once with the public,it proved to be wonderful.
5 They came from all over the world for one performance.
by so many top
musicians,the song sounded different this time.
4 Translate the sentences into English using the words and phrases in brackets.
1 这个现象令科学家吃惊,他们立即对其展开调查研究。（phenomenon )
2 看到儿子的重病被医生治好了,这位妈妈脸上露出了释然的微笑。(cure,relief) 3 父母应该让孩子的内心平静而充实。
( soul )
4 信不信由你!伟大音乐家创作的美好音乐,可以让一个人内心平静,从而更容易度过一段艰难时期。（get through )
5 Read and complete the conversation about a music festival with the correct forms of the verbs in brackets.
Linda: Hi George!How was the music festival?
George: It was interesting. We were (amaze) to hear so many types of music!
Linda: Did it take you long to get to the festival?
George: No,it was OK. We were (worry) about heavy traffic,so we left a little earlier,and the roads were clear.
Linda: What did you enjoy most at the festival?
George: Definitely the performance (give) by my favourite hip-hop artist!(attract) by the chance to see him perform live,I went to the music festival even though it was still exam season!
Linda: He must be great.
George: Yes. He's a very (talent) musician. (influence) by his grandmother who was an opera singer,his music is really something different.
Linda: Cool,I should check out his music sometime!
## Reading and Writing
(1)) 1 Read the song lyrics and music reviews. Then answer the questions.
## VERSE 1
My child arrived just the other day.
He came to the world in the usual way,
But there were planes to catch and bills to pay.
He learned to walk while I was away,
And he was talking 'fore I knew it,and as he grew,He'd say,"I'm gonna be like you,Dad,
You know l'm gonna be like you."
## CHORUS
And the cat's in the cradle and the silver spoon,Little boy blue and the man on the moon.
"When you coming home,Dad?"
"I don't know when,but we'll get together then.
You know we'll have a good time then."
VERSE 2
My son turned ten just the other day.
He said,"Thanks for the ball,Dad,come on let's play.
Can you teach me to throw?"
I said,"Not today,I got a lot to do."
He said,"That's okay."
And he walked away but his smile never dimmed;
And said,"I'm gonna be like him,yeah.
You know I'm gonna be like him." (Chorus)
## VERSE 3
Well,he came from college just the other day,
So much like a man,I just had to say.
"Son,l'm proud of you. Can you sit for a while?" He shook his head,and said with a smile,"What l'd really like,Dad,is to borrow the car keys. See you later;can I have them please?"
## CHORUS
And the cat's in the cradle and the silver spoon,Little boy blue and the man on the moon.
"When you coming home,son?"
"I don't know when,but we'll get together then,Dad.
You know we'll have a good time then."
## VERSE 4
I've long since retired,my son's moved away.
I called him up just the other day.
I said,"I'd like to see you,if you don't mind."
He said,"I'd love to,Dad,if I can find the time.
You see my new job's a hassle and the kids have the flu,But it's sure nice talking to you,Dad.
It's been sure nice talking to you."
And as I hung up the phone,it occurred to me.
He'd grown up just like me,
My boy was just like me.
## CHORUS
And the cat's in the cradle and the silver spoon,Little boy blue and the man on the moon.
"When you coming home,son?"
"I don't know when,but we'll get together then,Dad.
We're gonna have a good time then." "Cat's in the Cradle" is about a father who is too busy to be with his son. Then after his son grows up,his son is too busy to be with him. As the song notes: "My boy was just like me." The song made me think of my relationship with my own father. He's often busy with work because he wants to take care of me. I love my father very much,but I wish we had more time together. The song made me want to work harder to find chances to be with my father.
"Cat's in the Cradle" is about the idea that you get what you give. A father ignores his son for years,and then when he is older his son ignores him. While I feel sad for the man in the song,I had trouble relating to him,because I have a very good relationship with my father. We often do things together and he works hard to be with me. I'm sure that when I am older we will still be good friends.
-Dennis
1 In Verse 1,why is the father away so much?
2 In the chorus,do you think the father and son are talking face to face or over the phone?Why?
3 In Verse 2,what is a possible reason why the father gives his son a ball?
4 In Verse 2,how does the son feel about his father?
5 In Verse 3,why do you think the son wants to borrow the car keys?
6 In Verse 4,do you think the son will have time for his father?Why?
7 Why do Jill and Dennis have different feelings about the song?
2 Arrange the items according to their order in the song reviews.
the title of the song
how the reviewer related the song to his/her life
a quote from the song
a summary of the song
how the song made the reviewer feel
3 Write your own comments on a song or a piece of music.
1 In pairs,decide which song or piece of music you want to write about.
2 Discuss how it makes you feel and why.
3 Discuss how you can relate it to your own life.
4 Here are some other things that you can consider including:
the background of the song or piece of music
$\checkmark$ a description of the song or music
$\checkmark$ whether the song or music is good or bad,and why
$\checkmark$ what musical instruments were used
$\checkmark$ who wrote it
$\checkmark$ for whom it was written
5 Write your comments. Remember to include the title and a short summary of the song or a piece of music,and use complete sentences.
## * Expanding Your World
## MUSIC SCORES IN FILMS
In today's blog post,l'd like to look at the role of musical scores in films.
Most people recognise the music John Williams wrote for the film Jaws. As soon as you hear it,you begin thinking that a shark will attack. And that is exactly what you are meant to think. On the big screen,Jaws is a scary film. However,if you watch it without the music,it becomes boring. The music tells you to be frightened about what you are seeing. Good film scores always signal how to feel about what is happening on the screen. This is even clearer with Williams' next score,for Star Wars. When Luke Skywalker appears on the screen,the music becomes heroic because he is the hero. Darth Vader is the bad guy,so his music is quite dark. Would you think that Luke Skywalker was still a hero without the music?Probably. However,the music makes him seem even more heroic.
No one can talk about film scores without talking about Hans Zimmer. He did the music for many films,such as The Dark Knight,Inception,Pirates of the Caribbean,Gladiator,and The Lion King. Zimmer and Williams have very different styles and ideas for film scores. There are people who do not like Williams' scores for the Harry Potter films because they stand out too much,while some people do not like Zimmer's scores because they sometimes do not stand out enough. Of course,in many ways,that is not the point. When you leave a film,you should not be saying,"Wow!Great music!” Instead,you should be saying,"Wow!Great film!"
A third,very different kind of film composer is Tan Dun,who has a classical music background,unlike many film composers. Tan started out as a musician for the Peking Opera. However,he fell in love with Western classical music,and started writing classical Western operas that show a strong touch of Chinese music. Like his operas,the scores for Crouching Tiger,Hidden Dragon,and Hero use Chinese musical instruments and styles in a Western classical music score. The music follows all of the rules of most film scoresthe purpose is to tell you how to feel about the action in the film,and to help tell the story. However,perhaps because of Tan's background in classical music,his scores can stand alone as works of art without needing a film to support them.
Film scores are almost always a form of classical music. However,unlike most classical music,they have never been considered high art. Perhaps with Tan Dun,this will begin to change.
## Appendices 附录
## Notes 注释
## Unit 1
1 There comes a time when the old must give way to the new,and it is not possible to preserve everything from our past as we move towards the future. 新旧更替的时代已经到来,在走向末来的过程中,我们不可能将过去的一切都保存下来。
There comes a time when ... 这个句子中包含了由 when 引导的限制性定语从句,修饰的是先行词a time 如:
This is a time when people can get a lot of information from the Internet. 这是一个可以从互联网上获得大量信息的时代。
give way to sth 顺从;让步
The company finally gave way to the customer's complaints. 面对顾客的投诉,公司最终还是让步了。
【思考】动词 give 的常见搭配有很多，你还知道哪些并能用它们造句吗?
## 2 the Nile 尼罗河
又称Nile River,是世界上最长的河流，自南向北穿过撒哈拉沙漠，流贯非洲东北部，注入地中海。在第一瀑布处修建的阿斯旺大坝，有灌溉、防洪、发电、运输等作用。尼罗河对沿岸各国的经济生活具有重要意义，其下游谷地和三角洲是世界古文明发祥地之一。
## 3 the United Nations 联合国
联合国是第二次世界大战之后为维护和平与安全而建立的国际组织,成立于 1945 年 10 月 24 日,总部设在纽约。《联合国宪章》规定,联合国作为协调各国行动的中心,宗旨是维护国际和平与安全,发展各国之间的友好关系,促进国际合作。联合国的主要机构有6个：联合国大会、安全理事会、联合国经济及社会理事会、托管理事会、国际法院和秘书处。在国际事务中，联合国发挥着非常重要的作用。
4 Not only had the countries found a path to the future that did not run over the relics of the past,but they had also learnt that it was possible for countries to work together to build a better tomorrow. 这些国家不仅找到了一条不以牺牲古迹为代价的末来发展之路,而且明白了多个国家合作创造美好末来的可能性。
这是一个由not only ... but also ... 所连接的复合句。not only ... but also ... 表示“不仅 $\cdots \cdots$ 而且 $\cdots \cdots \cdots$,既可以用来连接两个名词、代词或短语,也可以用来连接两个句子。本句中连接的就是两个句子。第一个句子以词组not only 开始，助动词had 被提到了主语the countries之前,形成了倒装句。此句也可写成: The countries had not only found a path ...,but had also learnt that ...
短语动词 run over 原本有“( 车辆）撞倒并碾车””意。如:
It was so sad that the little puppy was run over and killed．那只小狗被撞倒车死了，这真让人难过。
run over 还有“翻阅；快速阅读”的意思。如:
The teacher ran over his teaching notes before giving his lesson. 老师上课前很快看了一遍教案。这个短语动词在上述例句中形象地表示“损毁”“遗忘”（古迹）的意思。
## UNESCO 联合国教科文组织
英文全称United Nations Educational,Scientific and Cultural Organization（联合国教育、科学及文化组织 ),是联合国系统的专门机构之一,成立于1945年,总部设在法国巴黎。中国是该组织的创始国之一。其宗旨是推动各国在教育、科学和文化方面的交流与合作,促进各国人民之间的相互了解和维护世界的和平与稳定。
## 6 the Kremlin and Red Square,Moscow 莫斯科的克里姆林宫和红场
Moscow 莫斯科，俄罗斯首都。俄罗斯政治、经济、交通和文化中心。莫斯科有 800 多年历史，是俄罗斯最古老的城市之一。
the Kremlin 这里指克里姆林宫，英文全称 the Moscow Kremlin。始建于12世纪,至15世纪莫斯科大公伊凡三世初具规模,以后逐渐扩大。16世纪中叶起成为沙皇的宫堡,17 世纪逐渐失去城堡的性质成为莫斯科的市中心建筑群。
Red Square 莫斯科红场,莫斯科市中心的广场,与克里姆林宫相毗连。17世纪中叶起称红场,俄语意为“美丽的广场”。十月革命后，红场成为人民举行庆祝活动、集会和阅兵的广场。红场是莫斯科最古老的广场，是莫斯科重大历史事件的见证场所。
克里姆林宫的钟塔群与红场周围的圣瓦西里大教堂及其他历史建筑，被视为莫斯科的标志和象征。
## 7 the Mogao Caves 莫高窟
莫高窟,又称“千佛洞”,中国佛教石窟,位于甘肃敦煌,与云冈石窟、龙门石窟并称为中国三大石窟,开凿在鸣沙山东麓的断崖上。前秦建元二年 ( 公元 366 年 ) 创凿,持续至元代,前后延续约 1,000 年,这在中国石窟中绝无仅有。壁画和雕塑作品反映了中国从公元 5 世纪到 14 世纪的部分社会生活及历代造型艺术的发展情况。窟内大批敦煌遗书和文物先后被外国“探险队” 捆载而去,壁画和塑像也遭掠夺与破坏。1944 年设立敦煌艺术研究所,对莫高窟进行修复、保管和研究工作,1961 年被列为全国重点文物保护单位,1987 年被列入《世界遗产名录》。莫高窟曾是古代“丝绸之路”的重镇和必经之处。
8 By sharing so many digital photos over the Internet,the group hopes to promote even wider interest around the world in China's ancient history,culture,and traditions. 这些科学家和研究者在网络上分享了大量（有关莫高窟的）电子照片,希望在世界范围内促使人们对中国古代历史和文化习俗产生更广泛的兴趣。
promote 促进;鼓励、提倡。如:
Enough sunlight and water can promote rapid growth in plants. 充足的阳光和水分能够促进植物的快速生长。
## Unit 2
## Changtang National Nature Reserve 羌塘国家级自然保护区
并塘国家级自然保护区位于西藏自治区北部，是藏羚羊的主要生活区之一。
2 On the plain in front of us,we can just make out a herd of graceful animals. 放眼平原,我们隐约看到一群体形优美的动物。
make out ( 勉强 ) 看出;辨认出;听出。如:
They asked us to make out a shape on the page. 他们要求我们辨认出页面上的一个形状来。
Can you make out what they are saying?你能听得清他们在说什么吗?3 The government,however,does not intend to stop the protection programmes,since the threats to the Tibetan antelope have not yet disappeared. 然而，政府并没有打算停止这些保护项目，因为对藏羚羊的威胁依然存在。
since 因为，既然。since引导原因状语从句,语气比 because引导的从句要弱一些。如:
You should have a talk with Michael about how to learn English better since he is really an expert. 你应该和麦克聊一聊如何把英语学得更好，因为他在这方面真的是专家。
Since I will be on holiday with my family next weekend,I shall not be able to go shopping with you. 因为下周末我要陪家人度假，也就无法陪你去购物了。
4 Much is being done to protect wildlife,... 大量的工作正在进行中以保护野生动物
is being done 为现在进行时的被动语态,表示“正在被做”。现在进行时的被动语态的结构为 am/is/are being done。如:
Air tickets are being booked for the tourists. 为旅客们准备的机票正在订购中。
New houses are being built for the poor in this city. 这座城市给穷人居住的新房正在建造中。
【思考】你能将以上两个句子改为主动语态吗?现在进行时的被动语态和主动语态在形式、结构和意义上有什么不同?
5 Only when we learn to exist in harmony with nature can we stop being a threat to wildlife and to our planet. 只有学会和大自然和谐共处,我们才不会成为野生生物和地球的威胁。
当 only位于句首时,如果后面跟副词、介词短语或从句等状语,则要用部分倒装结构。如:
Only then did she realise her mistake. 只是在那时，她才意识到自己的错误。(如果谓语没有助动词或情态动词，则需添加助动词 do、does 或 did，并将其置于主语之前。）
Only by practising more can we learn English well. 只有多练习,我们才能学好英语。
Only when the project was completed was he able to get back home. 只有当工程完成时，他才能回家。(主句部分倒装，was 置于主语he之前；句首的状语从句不倒装。)
6 Should we put out bowls of food for them?我们该给它们（野猫）准备几碗食物吗?
put out在此处意思是“把……摆好；预备好（物品）”。
【思考】put out还可表达许多意思，你能说出来并造句吗?
## WWF 世界自然基金会
世界自然基金会是一个独立性非政府环境保护组织。其前身是1961年创立的World Wildlife Fund ( 世界野生动植物基金会,缩写为WWF ),1986 年改名为World Wide Fund For Nature ( 世界自然基金会 )。起初的缩写WWF仍然沿用。
WWF致力于保护世界生物多样性及生物的生存环境，减少人类对生物及其生存环境的影响，遏止地球自然环境的恶化，创造人类与自然和谐相处的美好末来。
WWF于 1980 年在中国开展大熊猫及其栖息地的保护工作，并于1996 年正式成立北京办事处。
## Unit 3
1 At age 50,she found herself out of work and stuck at home with only her computer to keep her company. 50 岁时，她发觉自己失业了，困在家里，只有电脑相伴。
此句结构为“find + 宾语 + 宾补”，out of work和 stuck at home 是句子的宾语补足语，说明宾语 herself 的处境。with only her computer to keep her company 是“with + 名词 + to do” 结构,在句中做 stuck的伴随状语。
find oneself ... 不知不觉间发现自己……。如：
I walked and walked along the street,and about 30 minutes later,I found myself at the school gate. 我在街上走啊走啊,大约半小时之后我发现自己来到了学校大门口。
When she woke up,she found herself lying in a hospital bed. 当她醒来的时候，她发现自己躺在一家医院的病床上。
【思考】你能再举出几个“find + 宾语 + 宾补” 的例句吗?
2 She realised that one of the greatest benefits of the Internet was its ability to remove the distance that usually exists between people. 她意识到互联网的最大好处之一就是能够消除通常存在于人和人之间的距离感。
这是一个复合句,realised之后由that 引导了一个宾语从句,宾语从句中 one of the greatest benefits of the Internet 是主语,its ability 是表语,被动词不定式短语 to remove the distance that usually exists between people所修饰，动词不定式短语中又包含了由 that 引起的定语从句,修饰 the distance。
【思考】你能在本单元中找出更多从句中包含从句的例句吗?
3 She was so inspired by the people she met online that she decided to start an IT club to teach older people how to use computers and the Internet. 她受到网友的启发,决定成立一个 IT 倶乐部来教年长一些的人们学习使用电脑和互联网。
句中的 she met online 是一个省略了关系代词的定语从句,修饰前面的名词 the people。
so $\ldots$ that $\ldots$ 如此 $\cdots \cdots$ 以.至于 $\cdots \cdots$。如:
She was so worried about the safety of her son that she couldn't fall asleep the whole night. 她如此担心儿子安危以至于整宿没睡着觉。
4 She believes that it is highly important to bridge the digital divide and make sure that everyone has access to the Internet and knows how to use new technology. 她认为,消除数字鸿沟、确保每人都能使用互联网并且知晓如何运用新技术,是非常重要的。
本句中的 bridge、divide 和access 既可以用作名词又可以用作动词。bridge一般用作名词，本句中作动词，意思是“架起桥梁、消除 ( 隔阂 )”。如：
Cultural exchanges are building bridges between different areas and countries. 文化交流正在不同地区和国家之间建立纽带。( 用作名词 )
She is trying her best to bridge the generation gap with her mother. 她在努力消除和妈妈之间的代沟。(用作动词 )
divide 多用作动词,此处用作名词,意思是“差异;分歧”。如:
There is clear divide between the two countries on that issue. 在那个问题上两个国家存在明显的分歧。
access 在句中作名词,意思是“( 使用的）机会或权利”。如:
People in big cities usually have better access to good resources. 大城市的人们通常有更多机会使用好的资源。
5 A cyberbully uses the Internet to be mean to others. 网络恶霸使用互联网来欺负别人。
mean 此处为形容词,意思是“刻薄的;吝啬小气的”。如:
Don't be so mean to him!不要对他那么刻薄!
It is mean of you not to invite her to your birthday party!你真够小气的,生日聚会没邀请她!
## Unit 4
1 They use the same flag,known as the Union Jack,as well as share the same currency and military defence. 像拥有同样的货币和国防一样，他们也使用同一面国旗。
the Union Jack 英国国旗，由英格兰、苏格兰和爱尔兰的旗帜组成。known as the Union Jack,过去分词短语作后置定语,修饰前面的名词flag,相当于非限制性定语从句 which is known as the Union Jack。如:
Yang Liwei,known as the first Chinese astronaut to go into space,is regarded as an astronautic hero. = Yang Liwei,who is known as the first Chinese astronaut to go into space,is regarded as an astronautic hero. 作为第一个进入太空的中国宇航员，杨利伟被称为航天英雄。
单个的过去分词一般用作前置定语。如:
He became one of the well-known actors of his day. 他成为那个时代著名的演员之一。
currency 货币。英国的货币是英镑 (pound ),符号是 $£。$ 如:
You will need some local currency when going abroad,and of course you can also use your credit card. 出国时你需要准备一些当地的货币，当然你也可以使用信用卡。
【思考】1. 你知道如何用英语表达我国的人民币和其他国家的货币单位吗?
2. 你能想出更多的过去分词作前置和后置定语的例子吗?
## 2 the Romans 古罗马人
公元前 8 世纪,古罗马人建立了强大的中央集权国家。公元前 58 年以后的几年间,罗马统帅恺撒率领大军征服了外高卢 (今法国、比利时等) 后,又占领了不列颠岛南部。此后,古罗马的文明传入了不列颠。
## 3 the Anglo-Saxons 盎格鲁一撒克逊人
欧洲古代日耳曼人的一支。由盎格鲁和撒克逊人融合而成。公元 9 世纪,西撒克逊国打败诸国,建立统一的英格兰王国。此后,不列颠岛上的部落逐渐发生融合,形成盎格鲁一撒克逊人,成为后来英格兰人的主要部族。
4 the Vikings 北欧海盗
维京人，斯堪的纳维亚人的一支。大约 $8 世$ 纪入侵不列颠，来自北欧的挪威和丹麦。
## 5 the Normans 诺曼人
诺曼人来自欧洲西北部，1066年诺曼底公爵威廉入侵英国并实现了诺曼王朝对英国的统治。
6 The peaceful landscape of the "Emerald Isle" and its many green counties is a true feast for the eyes,with its rolling green hills dotted with sheep and cattle.“绿宝石(爱尔兰）岛” 风光宁静秀美,郡县草木䓤茏,青山连绵起伏,牛羊点缀其中,堪称一场名副其实的视觉盛宴。
a feast for the eyes 视觉盛宴,赏心悦目的事物。如:
We went to a painting exhibition yesterday,which was really a feast for the eyes. 我们昨天去看画展,那真是一场视觉盛宴。
## Unit 5
1 Henry Wadsworth Longfellow 亨利・沃兹沃斯・朗费罗（1807-1882）
亨利・沃兹沃斯・朗费罗是美国诗人。曾就读于博多因学院。1836年开始在哈佛大学任教,致力于评介欧洲浪漫主义文学,成为新英格兰文化中心的重要人物。主要作品包括《伊凡吉林》《海华沙之歌》和《迈尔斯・斯坦狄什的求婚》三首叙事长诗。
## Different types of music 不同类型的音乐
根据体裁类型不同，常见的音乐可分为古典音乐 (classical music)、流行乐（pop music）、摇滚乐 ( rock music ) 等。
classical music 古典音乐,泛指过去时代具有典范意义或代表性的音乐（不包括民间音乐）。有时专指欧洲19世纪初以前的专业音乐创作。
pop (popular) music 流行音乐是相对于严肃音乐、古典音乐而言的一种结构短小、内容通俗、形式活泼,并受大众喜爱的歌曲。其题材大多取自现实生活,表现手法自由,旋律易记易唱,节奏强烈清晰。
country music 乡村音乐有时被称为（美国的）乡村与西部音乐,是一种美国流行音乐,常与美国的乡村文化、南方地区联系在一起，兼具英国民间音乐、美国南方乡村的布鲁斯、19世纪晩期的流行音乐和宗教音乐等元素。
jazz 爵士乐是一种流行音乐,19世纪后期起源于美国,融合了美国黑人音乐、布鲁斯、欧洲曲调及传统和声等而逐步发展起来。即兴演奏是爵士乐的关键元素之一。
rock music 摇滚乐是发源于 20 世纪 50 年代的美国通俗音乐形式，由美国黑人音乐、美国乡村音乐和西方古典音乐发展而来。
hip-hop music 嘻哈乐是综合说唱乐、涂鸦、街舞等当今流行元素而创作的一种音乐。
3 Moved by this music,he said,"It was like seeing color for the first time." 他被这段音乐打动了,他说：“那种（兴奋的）感觉就如同是第一次看见色彩一样。”
moved by this music 是过去分词短语，在句中作状语，用于说明原因，相当于As Eric was moved by this music，它对主句动作起到修饰作用，表明主语是在被音乐打动后发出了感慨。
【思考】文中还有哪些句子使用了动词过去分词作状语?
4 He graduated from university in 1995,and then received a master's degree in musical composition from the Juilliard School in New York in 1997. 他 1995 年大学毕业,随后于 1997 年获纽约茱莉亚音乐学院音乐创作硕士学位。
Juilliard School 茱莉亚音乐学院,建于1905 年,原名为音乐艺术学院,是美国一所培养音乐艺术人才的高等学府。
5 Whitacre's next effort was the Virtual Youth Choir for UNICEF,which was first seen on stage on 23 July 2014 in the UK. 惠塔克的第二个壮举是打造联合国儿童基金会“虚拟青年合唱团”，该团于 2014 年 7 月 23 日在英国首次登台演出。
UNICEF全称为 United Nations International Children's Emergency Fund( 联合国儿童基金会)，成立于 1946 年 12 月,总部在纽约,旨在为二战中遭受严重破坏的国家儿童提供紧急的食物和医疗救援。1950 年其职责延伸至关注和解决发展中国家妇女和儿童面临的长期问题,1953 年成为联合国常设机构之一,并将名称中的 international 和 emergency 两个单词去掉,从而简化为 United Nations Children's Fund,但仍保留了原首字母缩写形式。6 Altogether,2,292 young people from 80 countries joined in to sing Whitacre's song“What If". 总共有来自 80 个国家的 2,292 名青年参与演唱惠塔克的歌曲《假如》。
altogether 总共,共计。如:
Altogether there are 360 artists coming to the World Music Festival. 总共有 360 位艺术家来到了这届世界音乐节。
join in (sth/doing sth) 或 join in (with sb/sth) 参加，加入 ( 活动 )。如:
He wanted his son to join in with the other children. 他希望儿子能和别的孩子一块儿玩。
7 It's an honour to be here and to share with you the story of how music has had an impact on my life. 非常荣幸来到这里与大家分享音乐是如何影响了我的人生的。
impact 作用，影响。一般与 on 搭配。如:
The climate change is having a great impact on the environment. 气候变化正在给环境带来巨大影响。
8 It spoke words of encouragement to the deepest part of my being. 它（音乐）使我的内心深受鼓舞。
being 在这里指“身心，思想感情”。如:
The woman loved her dancing career with her whole being. 那个女子全身心地热爱着自己的舞蹈事业。
The whole of his being had been taken over by fear. 他的身心充满恐惧。
## 9 rhetorical devices 修辞手法
simile 明喻：比喻的一种。用like或者as 将某物与另一物作比较。如:
Her eyes twinkled like stars. 她的眼睛像星星一样一眨一眨的。
metaphor 隐喻：比喻的一种。其本体和喻体的关系，比明喻更为紧密。明喻在形式上只是相类关系，隐喻在形式上却是相合的关系。如:
All the world's a stage. -Shakespeare
整个世界就是一座舞台。一一莎士比亚
quote 引用：话语或文章中运用现成的语句或典故来表达意思，一般在所引用的原文部分用双引号来标示。如:
As an old saying goes,“A friend in need is a friend indeed." 正如一句俗语所言:“患难朋友才是真朋友。”
personification 拟人：把事物进行人格化。如:
A lie can travel half way around the world while the truth is putting on his shoes. -Mark Twain
当真理刚刚穿上鞋子,谎言就已经走了半个世界。一马马克・吐温
【思考】你能用明喻、隐喻和拟人各写一个英文句子吗?
## Grammar 语法
## Restrictive Relative Clauses 限制性定语从句 (3)
第一册介绍了定语从句的定义、功能、关系代词和关系副词的种类和用法以及“介词 + 关系代词” 的用法。根据定语从句与先行词的关系紧密程度不同，可将定语从句分为限制性定语从句和非限制性定语从句。一般说来,限制性定语从句在意义上是先行词不可缺少的定语,如果省略,所修饰的先行词往往不明确,这种定语从句前面一般不用逗号;而非限制性定语从句往往是对先行词的附加说明,为先行词提供补充信息,即使去掉,也不会影响先行词的明确性,它与主句之间通常用逗号隔开。如:
We knew the scientist who had studied the problem. 我们了解那个研究过该问题的科学家。（若把从句去掉，则不明白是哪位科学家 )
We knew the physical scientist Hawkins,who had studied the problem. 我们了解物理科学家霍金斯,他研究过该问题。(若把从句去掉,仍然知道是哪位科学家)
非限制性定语从句会在后面的册次详细介绍,本册进一步介绍有关限制性定语从句的知识。
1 在 much 或 all 后用 that,不用 which,作定语从句的宾语时可以省略。例如:
There was not much (that) we could do when it was raining.
That is all that works.
2 关系代词作动词的间接宾语时,用 to 或 for。例如:
$\checkmark$ Who is the girl that he gave the flower to?
$\times$ Who is the girl that he gave the flower?
无关系代词时,也要用 to 或 for。例如:
The lady I wrote the poem for was my sister.
3 正式英语中,介词可置于从句之首,whom 或 which 之前。例如:
This is the great writer to whom our teacher was referring.
He asked a question to which there was no answer.
注意，介词不可置于 who 或 that 之前。
4 定语从句的谓语如果是以介词结尾的短语动词,则不可把介词移至从句之首。例如:
He received the email he was looking forward to.
## The Passive Voice 被动语态
大家在初中阶段已经学习了被动语态的构成和用法、一般现在时、一般过去时以及含有情态动词的被动语态,本册继续学习有关被动语态的知识。
1 现在进行时的被动语态 ( the present continuous passive voice) 的构成 (以动词 ask 为例)
## 肯定式
否定式
$\left\{\begin{array}{ll}\text { not } & \text { Am I } \\ \text { Is he/she/it } \\ \text { being } & \text { Are we } \\ \text { asked ... } & \begin{array}{l}\text { Are you } \\ \text { Are they }\end{array}\end{array}\right\}$ being
## 2 现在完成时的被动语态 ( the present perfect passive voice ) 的构成 (以动词 ask 为例)
| 肯定式 |  | 否定式 |  | 疑问式 |  |
| :---: | :---: | :---: | :---: | :---: | :---: |
| $\begin{array}{l}\text { I have } \\ \text { He/She/It has } \\ \text { We have } \\ \text { You have } \\ \text { They have }\end{array}$ | $\begin{array}{l}\text { been } \\ \text { asked ... }\end{array}$ | $\begin{array}{l}\text { I have } \\ \text { He/She/lt has } \\ \text { We have } \\ \text { You have } \\ \text { They have }\end{array}$ | $\begin{array}{l}\text { not } \\ \text { been } \\ \text { asked ... }\end{array}$ | $\begin{array}{l}\text { Have I } \\ \text { Has he/she/it } \\ \text { Have we } \\ \text { Have you } \\ \text { Have they }\end{array}$ | $\begin{array}{l}\text { been } \\ \text { asked ...?}\end{array}$ |
3 短语动词的被动语态
短语动词是一种固定的词组,由“动词 + 副词 / 介词” 或“动词 + 副词 + 介词” 构成,其作用相当于一个动词。
“及物动词 + 副词”“及物动词 + 介词” 以及“及物动词 + 副词 + 介词” 构成的短语动词可用于被动结构。例如:
At last they put out the fire. $\rightarrow$ At last the fire was put out.
Have you sent for a doctor?$\rightarrow$ Has the doctor been sent for?
My classmates caught up with me in this exam. $\rightarrow$ I was caught up with by my classmates in this exam. 许多“不及物动词 + 介词” 以及“不及物动词 + 副词 + 介词” 构成的短语动词相当于及物动词,也可以有宾语,也可用于被动结构。例如:
The boys laughed at him for the foolish mistake. $\rightarrow$ He was laughed at for the foolish mistake.
They looked down on peasants in the old days. $\rightarrow$ Peasants were looked down on in the old days.
注意: 短语动词是一个不可分割的整体,在变为被动语态时,不可丢掉构成短语动词的介词或副词。
4 带有双宾语的句子在变为被动结构时,这两个宾语的任何一个都可作被动句的主语。例如:
The teacher gave the student a new book. $\rightarrow$
The student was given a new book (by the teacher). 主动句的间接宾语成了被动句的主语,直接宾语仍位于动词之后。
A new book was given to the student (by the teacher). 主动句的直接宾语成了被动句的主语,间接宾语可位于 to 或 for 之后。
5 带有复合宾语的句子变为被动结构时,宾语补足语要相应变为主语补足语。例如:
Everybody called her Big Sister. $\rightarrow$ She was called Big Sister (by everybody).
People last saw the lost girl playing near the river. $\rightarrow$ The lost girl was last seen playing near the river.
要注意,主动语态中作宾语补足语的不带 to 的不定式,在变为被动语态时必须带 to。例如:
The engineer made the robot clean the windows of the tall building. $\rightarrow$
The robot was made to clean the windows of the tall building.
## Past Participles 过去分词 (1) (2)
非谓语动词主要指动词不定式（Infinitives）、动词-ing 形式（The -ing form) 和过去分词 (Past participles ) 三种动词形式。初中阶段已介绍过动词不定式和-ing 形式的部分用法。高中阶段除了继续介绍这两种非谓语动词形式的用法,还要介绍动词的过去分词的用法。
规则动词的过去分词由动词原形加 -ed 构成。不规则动词的过去分词没有统一的构成规则。过去分词一般表示完成的和被动的动作。过去分词在句子中一般可以用作定语 ( the attribute )、宾语补足语（the object complement )、表语 ( the predicative ) 和状语 ( the adverbial ),但不能单独构成谓语。用法
定语
过去分词如果单用,一般放在名词的前面;如果是分词短语，一般放在名词的后面。Before the show,hundreds of excited visitors waited in their seats eagerly.
The Normans ruled England after the well-known Battle of Hastings in the 11th century.
... and the oldest castle built by the Norman rulers in Windsor nearby.
Come and read the poem written by an eight-year-old boy!
I felt myself often confused at first.
She had her painting boxed so it was delivered safely.
We found ourselves shocked by the large number of visitors.
The audience were amazed by the beautiful music the six-year-old pianist played.
My cousin is very interested in painting.
Born in the USA on 2 January 1970,Whitacre began studying music at the University of Nevada in 1988.
状语 Moved by this music,he said,"It was like seeing color for the first time.'
Well known as a successful band,the Impact members show quite a few striking abilities.