title stringlengths 10 172 | question_id int64 469 40.1M | question_body stringlengths 22 48.2k | question_score int64 -44 5.52k | question_date stringlengths 20 20 | answer_id int64 497 40.1M | answer_body stringlengths 18 33.9k | answer_score int64 -38 8.38k | answer_date stringlengths 20 20 | tags list |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
What's the easiest way to read a FoxPro DBF file from Python? | 37,535 | <p>I've got a bunch of FoxPro (VFP9) DBF files on my Ubuntu system, is there a library to open these in Python? I only need to read them, and would preferably have access to the memo fields too.</p>
<p><strong>Update</strong>: Thanks @cnu, I used Yusdi Santoso's <a href="http://www.physics.ox.ac.uk/users/santoso/dbf.... | 21 | 2008-09-01T06:45:40Z | 578,444 | <p>Check out <a href="http://groups.google.com/group/python-dbase">http://groups.google.com/group/python-dbase</a></p>
<p>It currently supports dBase III and Visual Foxpro 6.0 db files... not sure if the file layout change in VFP 9 or not...</p>
| 5 | 2009-02-23T17:08:19Z | [
"python",
"foxpro",
"dbf",
"visual-foxpro"
] |
What's the easiest way to read a FoxPro DBF file from Python? | 37,535 | <p>I've got a bunch of FoxPro (VFP9) DBF files on my Ubuntu system, is there a library to open these in Python? I only need to read them, and would preferably have access to the memo fields too.</p>
<p><strong>Update</strong>: Thanks @cnu, I used Yusdi Santoso's <a href="http://www.physics.ox.ac.uk/users/santoso/dbf.... | 21 | 2008-09-01T06:45:40Z | 10,254,842 | <p>I was able to read a DBF file (with associated BAK, CDX, FBT, TBK files**) using the dbf package from PyPI <a href="http://pypi.python.org/pypi/dbf">http://pypi.python.org/pypi/dbf</a> . I am new to python and know nothing about DBF files, but it worked easily to read a DBF file from my girlfriend's business (create... | 8 | 2012-04-20T23:33:30Z | [
"python",
"foxpro",
"dbf",
"visual-foxpro"
] |
What's the easiest way to read a FoxPro DBF file from Python? | 37,535 | <p>I've got a bunch of FoxPro (VFP9) DBF files on my Ubuntu system, is there a library to open these in Python? I only need to read them, and would preferably have access to the memo fields too.</p>
<p><strong>Update</strong>: Thanks @cnu, I used Yusdi Santoso's <a href="http://www.physics.ox.ac.uk/users/santoso/dbf.... | 21 | 2008-09-01T06:45:40Z | 38,730,628 | <p>It's 2016 now and I had to fiddle with the dbf package to get it to work. Here is a python3 version to just export a dbf file to a csv</p>
<pre><code>import dbf
d=dbf.Table('mydbf.dbf')
d.open()
dbf.export(d, filename='mydf_exported.csv', format='csv', header=True)
</code></pre>
<p>I had some unicode error at fir... | 4 | 2016-08-02T21:18:47Z | [
"python",
"foxpro",
"dbf",
"visual-foxpro"
] |
What are Class methods in Python for? | 38,238 | <p>I'm teaching myself Python and my most recent lesson was that <a href="http://dirtsimple.org/2004/12/python-is-not-java.html">Python is not Java</a>, and so I've just spent a while turning all my Class methods into functions.</p>
<p>I now realise that I don't need to use Class methods for what I would done with <co... | 194 | 2008-09-01T18:16:41Z | 38,254 | <p>Alternative constructors are the classic example.</p>
| 22 | 2008-09-01T18:27:27Z | [
"python",
"class-method"
] |
What are Class methods in Python for? | 38,238 | <p>I'm teaching myself Python and my most recent lesson was that <a href="http://dirtsimple.org/2004/12/python-is-not-java.html">Python is not Java</a>, and so I've just spent a while turning all my Class methods into functions.</p>
<p>I now realise that I don't need to use Class methods for what I would done with <co... | 194 | 2008-09-01T18:16:41Z | 38,276 | <p>Class methods are for when you need to have methods that aren't specific to any particular instance, but still involve the class in some way. The most interesting thing about them is that they can be overridden by subclasses, something that's simply not possible in Java's static methods or Python's module-level func... | 142 | 2008-09-01T18:45:56Z | [
"python",
"class-method"
] |
What are Class methods in Python for? | 38,238 | <p>I'm teaching myself Python and my most recent lesson was that <a href="http://dirtsimple.org/2004/12/python-is-not-java.html">Python is not Java</a>, and so I've just spent a while turning all my Class methods into functions.</p>
<p>I now realise that I don't need to use Class methods for what I would done with <co... | 194 | 2008-09-01T18:16:41Z | 38,287 | <p>Honestly? I've never found a use for staticmethod or classmethod. I've yet to see an operation that can't be done using a global function or an instance method.</p>
<p>It would be different if python used private and protected members more like Java does. In Java, I need a static method to be able to access an i... | 4 | 2008-09-01T18:54:29Z | [
"python",
"class-method"
] |
What are Class methods in Python for? | 38,238 | <p>I'm teaching myself Python and my most recent lesson was that <a href="http://dirtsimple.org/2004/12/python-is-not-java.html">Python is not Java</a>, and so I've just spent a while turning all my Class methods into functions.</p>
<p>I now realise that I don't need to use Class methods for what I would done with <co... | 194 | 2008-09-01T18:16:41Z | 38,303 | <p>Factory methods (alternative constructors) are indeed a classic example of class methods.</p>
<p>Basically, class methods are suitable anytime you would like to have a method which naturally fits into the namespace of the class, but is not associated with a particular instance of the class.</p>
<p>As an example, i... | 53 | 2008-09-01T19:08:25Z | [
"python",
"class-method"
] |
What are Class methods in Python for? | 38,238 | <p>I'm teaching myself Python and my most recent lesson was that <a href="http://dirtsimple.org/2004/12/python-is-not-java.html">Python is not Java</a>, and so I've just spent a while turning all my Class methods into functions.</p>
<p>I now realise that I don't need to use Class methods for what I would done with <co... | 194 | 2008-09-01T18:16:41Z | 2,311,096 | <p>I used to work with PHP and recently I was asking myself, whats going on with this classmethod? Python manual is very technical and very short in words so it wont help with understanding that feature. I was googling and googling and I found answer -> <a href="http://code.anjanesh.net/2007/12/python-classmethods.html... | 5 | 2010-02-22T13:27:12Z | [
"python",
"class-method"
] |
What are Class methods in Python for? | 38,238 | <p>I'm teaching myself Python and my most recent lesson was that <a href="http://dirtsimple.org/2004/12/python-is-not-java.html">Python is not Java</a>, and so I've just spent a while turning all my Class methods into functions.</p>
<p>I now realise that I don't need to use Class methods for what I would done with <co... | 194 | 2008-09-01T18:16:41Z | 2,807,576 | <p>I recently wanted a very light-weight logging class that would output varying amounts of output depending on the logging level that could be programmatically set. But I didn't want to instantiate the class every time I wanted to output a debugging message or error or warning. But I also wanted to encapsulate the f... | 23 | 2010-05-11T01:48:33Z | [
"python",
"class-method"
] |
What are Class methods in Python for? | 38,238 | <p>I'm teaching myself Python and my most recent lesson was that <a href="http://dirtsimple.org/2004/12/python-is-not-java.html">Python is not Java</a>, and so I've just spent a while turning all my Class methods into functions.</p>
<p>I now realise that I don't need to use Class methods for what I would done with <co... | 194 | 2008-09-01T18:16:41Z | 3,504,391 | <p>Class methods provide a "semantic sugar" (don't know if this term is widely used) - or "semantic convenience".</p>
<p>Example: you got a set of classes representing objects. You might want to have the class method "all" or "find" to write "User.all()" ou "User.find(firstname='Guido')". That could be done using modu... | 3 | 2010-08-17T15:53:14Z | [
"python",
"class-method"
] |
What are Class methods in Python for? | 38,238 | <p>I'm teaching myself Python and my most recent lesson was that <a href="http://dirtsimple.org/2004/12/python-is-not-java.html">Python is not Java</a>, and so I've just spent a while turning all my Class methods into functions.</p>
<p>I now realise that I don't need to use Class methods for what I would done with <co... | 194 | 2008-09-01T18:16:41Z | 3,521,920 | <p>Think about it this way: normal methods are useful to hide the details of dispatch: you can type <code>myobj.foo()</code> without worrying about whether the <code>foo()</code> method is implemented by the <code>myobj</code> object's class or one of its parent classes. Class methods are exactly analogous to this, but... | 37 | 2010-08-19T12:51:27Z | [
"python",
"class-method"
] |
What are Class methods in Python for? | 38,238 | <p>I'm teaching myself Python and my most recent lesson was that <a href="http://dirtsimple.org/2004/12/python-is-not-java.html">Python is not Java</a>, and so I've just spent a while turning all my Class methods into functions.</p>
<p>I now realise that I don't need to use Class methods for what I would done with <co... | 194 | 2008-09-01T18:16:41Z | 6,001,200 | <p>I think the most clear answer is <strong>AmanKow's</strong> one. It boils down to how u want to organize your code. You can write everything as module level functions which are wrapped in the namespace of the module i.e</p>
<pre><code>module.py (file 1)
---------
def f1() : pass
def f2() : pass
def f3() : pass
us... | 8 | 2011-05-14T10:24:32Z | [
"python",
"class-method"
] |
What are Class methods in Python for? | 38,238 | <p>I'm teaching myself Python and my most recent lesson was that <a href="http://dirtsimple.org/2004/12/python-is-not-java.html">Python is not Java</a>, and so I've just spent a while turning all my Class methods into functions.</p>
<p>I now realise that I don't need to use Class methods for what I would done with <co... | 194 | 2008-09-01T18:16:41Z | 9,867,663 | <p>When a user logs in on my website, a User() object is instantiated from the username and password.</p>
<p>If I need a user object without the user being there to log in (e.g. an admin user might want to delete another users account, so i need to instantiate that user and call its delete method):</p>
<p>I have clas... | 6 | 2012-03-26T06:36:52Z | [
"python",
"class-method"
] |
What are Class methods in Python for? | 38,238 | <p>I'm teaching myself Python and my most recent lesson was that <a href="http://dirtsimple.org/2004/12/python-is-not-java.html">Python is not Java</a>, and so I've just spent a while turning all my Class methods into functions.</p>
<p>I now realise that I don't need to use Class methods for what I would done with <co... | 194 | 2008-09-01T18:16:41Z | 12,312,026 | <p>This is an interesting topic. My take on it is that python classmethod operates like a singleton rather than a factory (which returns a produced an instance of a class). The reason it is a singleton is that there is a common object that is produced (the dictionary) but only once for the class but shared by all insta... | 2 | 2012-09-07T05:06:16Z | [
"python",
"class-method"
] |
What are Class methods in Python for? | 38,238 | <p>I'm teaching myself Python and my most recent lesson was that <a href="http://dirtsimple.org/2004/12/python-is-not-java.html">Python is not Java</a>, and so I've just spent a while turning all my Class methods into functions.</p>
<p>I now realise that I don't need to use Class methods for what I would done with <co... | 194 | 2008-09-01T18:16:41Z | 14,042,417 | <p>It allows you to write generic class methods that you can use with any compatible class.</p>
<p>For example:</p>
<pre><code> @classmethod
def get_name(cls):
print cls.name
class C:
name = "tester"
C.get_name = get_name
#call it:
C.get_name()
</code></pre>
<p>if you dont ... | 6 | 2012-12-26T15:11:20Z | [
"python",
"class-method"
] |
What are Class methods in Python for? | 38,238 | <p>I'm teaching myself Python and my most recent lesson was that <a href="http://dirtsimple.org/2004/12/python-is-not-java.html">Python is not Java</a>, and so I've just spent a while turning all my Class methods into functions.</p>
<p>I now realise that I don't need to use Class methods for what I would done with <co... | 194 | 2008-09-01T18:16:41Z | 26,354,620 | <p>I was asking myself the same question few times. And even though the guys here tried hard to explain it, IMHO the best answer (and simplest) answer I have found is the <a href="https://docs.python.org/3/library/functions.html?highlight=classmethod#classmethod" rel="nofollow">description</a> of the Class method in th... | 0 | 2014-10-14T07:07:55Z | [
"python",
"class-method"
] |
What are Class methods in Python for? | 38,238 | <p>I'm teaching myself Python and my most recent lesson was that <a href="http://dirtsimple.org/2004/12/python-is-not-java.html">Python is not Java</a>, and so I've just spent a while turning all my Class methods into functions.</p>
<p>I now realise that I don't need to use Class methods for what I would done with <co... | 194 | 2008-09-01T18:16:41Z | 39,381,275 | <p>A class defines a set of instances, of course. And the methods of a class work on the individual instances. The class methods (and variables) a place to hang other information that is related to the set of instances over all.</p>
<p>For example if your class defines a the set of students you might want class vari... | 0 | 2016-09-08T01:29:19Z | [
"python",
"class-method"
] |
Retrieving an Oracle timestamp using Python's Win32 ODBC module | 38,435 | <p>Given an Oracle table created using the following:</p>
<pre><code>CREATE TABLE Log(WhenAdded TIMESTAMP(6) WITH TIME ZONE);
</code></pre>
<p>Using the Python ODBC module from its <a href="http://www.python.org/download/windows/" rel="nofollow">Win32 extensions</a> (from the win32all package), I tried the following:... | 2 | 2008-09-01T21:06:07Z | 38,442 | <p>My solution to this, that I hope can be bettered, is to use Oracle to explicitly convert the TIMESTAMP into a string:</p>
<pre><code>cursor.execute("SELECT TO_CHAR(WhenAdded, 'YYYY-MM-DD HH:MI:SSAM') FROM Log")
</code></pre>
<p>This works, but isn't portable. I'd like to use the same Python script against a SQL Se... | 1 | 2008-09-01T21:14:43Z | [
"python",
"oracle",
"ora-00932"
] |
Retrieving an Oracle timestamp using Python's Win32 ODBC module | 38,435 | <p>Given an Oracle table created using the following:</p>
<pre><code>CREATE TABLE Log(WhenAdded TIMESTAMP(6) WITH TIME ZONE);
</code></pre>
<p>Using the Python ODBC module from its <a href="http://www.python.org/download/windows/" rel="nofollow">Win32 extensions</a> (from the win32all package), I tried the following:... | 2 | 2008-09-01T21:06:07Z | 38,718 | <p>I believe this is a bug in the Oracle ODBC driver. Basically, the Oracle ODBC driver does not support the <code>TIMESTAMP WITH (LOCAL) TIME ZONE</code> data types, only the <code>TIMESTAMP</code> data type. As you have discovered, one workaround is in fact to use the <code>TO_CHAR</code> method.</p>
<p>In your exam... | 2 | 2008-09-02T02:33:57Z | [
"python",
"oracle",
"ora-00932"
] |
What's the best way to return multiple values from a function in Python? | 38,508 | <p>I have a function where I need to do something to a string. I need the function to return a boolean indicating whether or not the operation succeeded, and I also need to return the modified string. </p>
<p>In C#, I would use an out parameter for the string, but there is no equivalent in Python. I'm still very ne... | 49 | 2008-09-01T22:01:02Z | 38,513 | <p>Returning a tuple is the usual way to do this in Python.</p>
| 7 | 2008-09-01T22:03:17Z | [
"python",
"variables",
"return"
] |
What's the best way to return multiple values from a function in Python? | 38,508 | <p>I have a function where I need to do something to a string. I need the function to return a boolean indicating whether or not the operation succeeded, and I also need to return the modified string. </p>
<p>In C#, I would use an out parameter for the string, but there is no equivalent in Python. I'm still very ne... | 49 | 2008-09-01T22:01:02Z | 38,514 | <p>Return a tuple.</p>
<pre><code>def f(x):
# do stuff
return (True, modified_string)
success, modified_string = f(something)
</code></pre>
| 14 | 2008-09-01T22:03:41Z | [
"python",
"variables",
"return"
] |
What's the best way to return multiple values from a function in Python? | 38,508 | <p>I have a function where I need to do something to a string. I need the function to return a boolean indicating whether or not the operation succeeded, and I also need to return the modified string. </p>
<p>In C#, I would use an out parameter for the string, but there is no equivalent in Python. I'm still very ne... | 49 | 2008-09-01T22:01:02Z | 38,516 | <pre><code>def f(in_str):
out_str = in_str.upper()
return True, out_str # Creates tuple automatically
succeeded, b = f("a") # Automatic tuple unpacking
</code></pre>
| 105 | 2008-09-01T22:04:02Z | [
"python",
"variables",
"return"
] |
What's the best way to return multiple values from a function in Python? | 38,508 | <p>I have a function where I need to do something to a string. I need the function to return a boolean indicating whether or not the operation succeeded, and I also need to return the modified string. </p>
<p>In C#, I would use an out parameter for the string, but there is no equivalent in Python. I'm still very ne... | 49 | 2008-09-01T22:01:02Z | 38,524 | <p>Why not throw an exception if the operation wasn't successful? Personally, I tend to be of the opinion that if you need to return more than one value from a function, you should reconsider if you're doing things the right way or use an object.</p>
<p>But more directly to the point, if you throw an exception, you'r... | 27 | 2008-09-01T22:09:00Z | [
"python",
"variables",
"return"
] |
What's the best way to return multiple values from a function in Python? | 38,508 | <p>I have a function where I need to do something to a string. I need the function to return a boolean indicating whether or not the operation succeeded, and I also need to return the modified string. </p>
<p>In C#, I would use an out parameter for the string, but there is no equivalent in Python. I'm still very ne... | 49 | 2008-09-01T22:01:02Z | 38,760 | <p>Throwing an exception for failure is one good way to proceed, and if you're returning a lot of different values, you can return a tuple. For the specific case you're citing, I often take an intermediate approach: return the modified string on success, and return None on failure. I'm enough of an unreconstructed C ... | 3 | 2008-09-02T03:15:49Z | [
"python",
"variables",
"return"
] |
Using Django time/date widgets in custom form | 38,601 | <p>How can I use the nifty JavaScript date and time widgets that the default admin uses with my custom view?</p>
<p>I have looked through <a href="https://docs.djangoproject.com/en/dev/topics/forms/">the Django forms documentation</a>, and it briefly mentions django.contrib.admin.widgets, but I don't know how to use i... | 147 | 2008-09-01T23:22:55Z | 38,916 | <p>The growing complexity of this answer over time, and the many hacks required, probably ought to caution you against doing this at all. It's relying on undocumented internal implementation details of the admin, is likely to break again in future versions of Django, and is no easier to implement than just finding anot... | 141 | 2008-09-02T06:10:58Z | [
"python",
"django"
] |
Using Django time/date widgets in custom form | 38,601 | <p>How can I use the nifty JavaScript date and time widgets that the default admin uses with my custom view?</p>
<p>I have looked through <a href="https://docs.djangoproject.com/en/dev/topics/forms/">the Django forms documentation</a>, and it briefly mentions django.contrib.admin.widgets, but I don't know how to use i... | 147 | 2008-09-01T23:22:55Z | 72,284 | <p>As the solution is hackish, I think using your own date/time widget with some JavaScript is more feasible.</p>
| 57 | 2008-09-16T13:39:39Z | [
"python",
"django"
] |
Using Django time/date widgets in custom form | 38,601 | <p>How can I use the nifty JavaScript date and time widgets that the default admin uses with my custom view?</p>
<p>I have looked through <a href="https://docs.djangoproject.com/en/dev/topics/forms/">the Django forms documentation</a>, and it briefly mentions django.contrib.admin.widgets, but I don't know how to use i... | 147 | 2008-09-01T23:22:55Z | 408,230 | <p>Yep, I ended up overriding the /admin/jsi18n/ url.</p>
<p>Here's what I added in my urls.py. Make sure it's above the /admin/ url</p>
<pre><code> (r'^admin/jsi18n', i18n_javascript),
</code></pre>
<p>And here is the i18n_javascript function I created.</p>
<pre><code>from django.contrib import admin
def i18n_... | 10 | 2009-01-02T22:53:21Z | [
"python",
"django"
] |
Using Django time/date widgets in custom form | 38,601 | <p>How can I use the nifty JavaScript date and time widgets that the default admin uses with my custom view?</p>
<p>I have looked through <a href="https://docs.djangoproject.com/en/dev/topics/forms/">the Django forms documentation</a>, and it briefly mentions django.contrib.admin.widgets, but I don't know how to use i... | 147 | 2008-09-01T23:22:55Z | 719,583 | <p>Complementing the answer by Carl Meyer, I would like to comment that you need to put that header in some valid block (inside the header) within your template.</p>
<pre><code>{% block extra_head %}
<link rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" href="/media/admin/css/forms.css"/>
<link rel="stylesheet" type="text/... | 6 | 2009-04-05T20:02:00Z | [
"python",
"django"
] |
Using Django time/date widgets in custom form | 38,601 | <p>How can I use the nifty JavaScript date and time widgets that the default admin uses with my custom view?</p>
<p>I have looked through <a href="https://docs.djangoproject.com/en/dev/topics/forms/">the Django forms documentation</a>, and it briefly mentions django.contrib.admin.widgets, but I don't know how to use i... | 147 | 2008-09-01T23:22:55Z | 1,392,329 | <p>I find myself referencing this post a lot, and found that the <a href="http://docs.djangoproject.com/en/dev/topics/forms/modelforms/#overriding-the-default-field-types" rel="nofollow">documentation</a> defines a <em>slightly</em> less hacky way to override default widgets. </p>
<p>(<em>No need to override the Model... | 8 | 2009-09-08T06:42:05Z | [
"python",
"django"
] |
Using Django time/date widgets in custom form | 38,601 | <p>How can I use the nifty JavaScript date and time widgets that the default admin uses with my custom view?</p>
<p>I have looked through <a href="https://docs.djangoproject.com/en/dev/topics/forms/">the Django forms documentation</a>, and it briefly mentions django.contrib.admin.widgets, but I don't know how to use i... | 147 | 2008-09-01T23:22:55Z | 1,833,247 | <p>Updated solution and workaround for <strong>SplitDateTime</strong> with <strong>required=False</strong>:</p>
<p><em>forms.py</em></p>
<pre><code>from django import forms
class SplitDateTimeJSField(forms.SplitDateTimeField):
def __init__(self, *args, **kwargs):
super(SplitDateTimeJSField, self).__init_... | 1 | 2009-12-02T14:29:53Z | [
"python",
"django"
] |
Using Django time/date widgets in custom form | 38,601 | <p>How can I use the nifty JavaScript date and time widgets that the default admin uses with my custom view?</p>
<p>I have looked through <a href="https://docs.djangoproject.com/en/dev/topics/forms/">the Django forms documentation</a>, and it briefly mentions django.contrib.admin.widgets, but I don't know how to use i... | 147 | 2008-09-01T23:22:55Z | 2,396,907 | <p>The below will also work as a last resort if the above failed</p>
<pre><code>class PaymentsForm(forms.ModelForm):
class Meta:
model = Payments
def __init__(self, *args, **kwargs):
super(PaymentsForm, self).__init__(*args, **kwargs)
self.fields['date'].widget = SelectDateWidget()
</code></pre>
<p>... | 3 | 2010-03-07T16:09:57Z | [
"python",
"django"
] |
Using Django time/date widgets in custom form | 38,601 | <p>How can I use the nifty JavaScript date and time widgets that the default admin uses with my custom view?</p>
<p>I have looked through <a href="https://docs.djangoproject.com/en/dev/topics/forms/">the Django forms documentation</a>, and it briefly mentions django.contrib.admin.widgets, but I don't know how to use i... | 147 | 2008-09-01T23:22:55Z | 2,716,963 | <p>I finally managed to get this widget working on the dev server, only to have it break on deployment. I finally decided it wasn't worth shoehorning into my site, and wrote my own widget. It's not as flexible, but it will probably work well for many: <a href="http://www.copiesofcopies.org/webl/?p=81" rel="nofollow">... | 4 | 2010-04-26T21:17:37Z | [
"python",
"django"
] |
Using Django time/date widgets in custom form | 38,601 | <p>How can I use the nifty JavaScript date and time widgets that the default admin uses with my custom view?</p>
<p>I have looked through <a href="https://docs.djangoproject.com/en/dev/topics/forms/">the Django forms documentation</a>, and it briefly mentions django.contrib.admin.widgets, but I don't know how to use i... | 147 | 2008-09-01T23:22:55Z | 2,818,128 | <p>Starting in Django 1.2 RC1, if you're using the Django admin date picker widge trick, the following has to be added to your template, or you'll see the calendar icon url being referenced through "/missing-admin-media-prefix/".</p>
<pre><code>{% load adminmedia %} /* At the top of the template. */
/* In the head se... | 9 | 2010-05-12T11:03:15Z | [
"python",
"django"
] |
Using Django time/date widgets in custom form | 38,601 | <p>How can I use the nifty JavaScript date and time widgets that the default admin uses with my custom view?</p>
<p>I have looked through <a href="https://docs.djangoproject.com/en/dev/topics/forms/">the Django forms documentation</a>, and it briefly mentions django.contrib.admin.widgets, but I don't know how to use i... | 147 | 2008-09-01T23:22:55Z | 3,284,874 | <p>(I'm trying to comment on people suggesting to roll their own Calendar widget, but either I don't see the comment button, or I don't have enough rep.)</p>
<p>What happened to <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Don%27t_repeat_yourself">DRY</a>? I think it would be best to re-use the admin widget, but perhaps it s... | 5 | 2010-07-19T20:38:24Z | [
"python",
"django"
] |
Using Django time/date widgets in custom form | 38,601 | <p>How can I use the nifty JavaScript date and time widgets that the default admin uses with my custom view?</p>
<p>I have looked through <a href="https://docs.djangoproject.com/en/dev/topics/forms/">the Django forms documentation</a>, and it briefly mentions django.contrib.admin.widgets, but I don't know how to use i... | 147 | 2008-09-01T23:22:55Z | 9,139,017 | <p>What about just assigning a class to your widget and then binding that class to the JQuery datepicker?</p>
<p>Django forms.py:</p>
<pre><code>class MyForm(forms.ModelForm):
class Meta:
model = MyModel
def __init__(self, *args, **kwargs):
super(MyForm, self).__init__(*args, **kwargs)
self.fields['... | 2 | 2012-02-04T06:50:50Z | [
"python",
"django"
] |
Using Django time/date widgets in custom form | 38,601 | <p>How can I use the nifty JavaScript date and time widgets that the default admin uses with my custom view?</p>
<p>I have looked through <a href="https://docs.djangoproject.com/en/dev/topics/forms/">the Django forms documentation</a>, and it briefly mentions django.contrib.admin.widgets, but I don't know how to use i... | 147 | 2008-09-01T23:22:55Z | 11,446,609 | <p>My head code for 1.4 version(some new and some removed)</p>
<pre><code>{% block extrahead %}
<link rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" href="{{ STATIC_URL }}admin/css/forms.css"/>
<link rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" href="{{ STATIC_URL }}admin/css/base.css"/>
<link rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" h... | 8 | 2012-07-12T07:06:08Z | [
"python",
"django"
] |
Using Django time/date widgets in custom form | 38,601 | <p>How can I use the nifty JavaScript date and time widgets that the default admin uses with my custom view?</p>
<p>I have looked through <a href="https://docs.djangoproject.com/en/dev/topics/forms/">the Django forms documentation</a>, and it briefly mentions django.contrib.admin.widgets, but I don't know how to use i... | 147 | 2008-09-01T23:22:55Z | 39,946,546 | <p>In Django 10.
myproject/urls.py:
at the beginning of urlpatterns</p>
<pre><code> from django.views.i18n import JavaScriptCatalog
urlpatterns = [
url(r'^jsi18n/$', JavaScriptCatalog.as_view(), name='javascript-catalog'),
.
.
.]
</code></pre>
<p>In my template.html:</p>
<pre><code>{% load staticfiles %}
... | 0 | 2016-10-09T17:39:01Z | [
"python",
"django"
] |
How to merge two Python dictionaries in a single expression? | 38,987 | <p>I have two Python dictionaries, and I want to write a single expression that returns these two dictionaries, merged. The <code>update()</code> method would be what I need, if it returned its result instead of modifying a dict in-place.</p>
<pre><code>>>> x = {'a':1, 'b': 2}
>>> y = {'b':10, 'c': ... | 1,867 | 2008-09-02T07:44:30Z | 38,989 | <pre><code>x = {'a':1, 'b': 2}
y = {'b':10, 'c': 11}
z = dict(x.items() + y.items())
print z
</code></pre>
<p>For items with keys in both dictionaries ('b'), you can control which one ends up in the output by putting that one last.</p>
| 25 | 2008-09-02T07:49:27Z | [
"python",
"dictionary",
"mapping",
"expression",
"idioms"
] |
How to merge two Python dictionaries in a single expression? | 38,987 | <p>I have two Python dictionaries, and I want to write a single expression that returns these two dictionaries, merged. The <code>update()</code> method would be what I need, if it returned its result instead of modifying a dict in-place.</p>
<pre><code>>>> x = {'a':1, 'b': 2}
>>> y = {'b':10, 'c': ... | 1,867 | 2008-09-02T07:44:30Z | 38,990 | <p>In your case, what you can do is:</p>
<pre><code>z = dict(x.items() + y.items())
</code></pre>
<p>This will, as you want it, put the final dict in <code>z</code>, and make the value for key <code>b</code> be properly overridden by the second (<code>y</code>) dict's value:</p>
<pre><code>>>> x = {'a':1, '... | 1,292 | 2008-09-02T07:50:12Z | [
"python",
"dictionary",
"mapping",
"expression",
"idioms"
] |
How to merge two Python dictionaries in a single expression? | 38,987 | <p>I have two Python dictionaries, and I want to write a single expression that returns these two dictionaries, merged. The <code>update()</code> method would be what I need, if it returned its result instead of modifying a dict in-place.</p>
<pre><code>>>> x = {'a':1, 'b': 2}
>>> y = {'b':10, 'c': ... | 1,867 | 2008-09-02T07:44:30Z | 39,437 | <p>An alternative:</p>
<pre><code>z = x.copy()
z.update(y)
</code></pre>
| 472 | 2008-09-02T13:00:46Z | [
"python",
"dictionary",
"mapping",
"expression",
"idioms"
] |
How to merge two Python dictionaries in a single expression? | 38,987 | <p>I have two Python dictionaries, and I want to write a single expression that returns these two dictionaries, merged. The <code>update()</code> method would be what I need, if it returned its result instead of modifying a dict in-place.</p>
<pre><code>>>> x = {'a':1, 'b': 2}
>>> y = {'b':10, 'c': ... | 1,867 | 2008-09-02T07:44:30Z | 39,858 | <p>Another, more concise, option:</p>
<pre><code>z = dict(x, **y)
</code></pre>
<p><strong>Note</strong>: this has become a popular answer, but it is important to point out that if <code>y</code> has any non-string keys, the fact that this works at all is an abuse of a CPython implementation detail, and it does not w... | 209 | 2008-09-02T15:52:07Z | [
"python",
"dictionary",
"mapping",
"expression",
"idioms"
] |
How to merge two Python dictionaries in a single expression? | 38,987 | <p>I have two Python dictionaries, and I want to write a single expression that returns these two dictionaries, merged. The <code>update()</code> method would be what I need, if it returned its result instead of modifying a dict in-place.</p>
<pre><code>>>> x = {'a':1, 'b': 2}
>>> y = {'b':10, 'c': ... | 1,867 | 2008-09-02T07:44:30Z | 44,512 | <p>I wanted something similar, but with the ability to specify how the values on duplicate keys were merged, so I hacked this out (but did not heavily test it). Obviously this is not a single expression, but it is a single function call.</p>
<pre><code>def merge(d1, d2, merge_fn=lambda x,y:y):
"""
Merges two ... | 63 | 2008-09-04T19:08:25Z | [
"python",
"dictionary",
"mapping",
"expression",
"idioms"
] |
How to merge two Python dictionaries in a single expression? | 38,987 | <p>I have two Python dictionaries, and I want to write a single expression that returns these two dictionaries, merged. The <code>update()</code> method would be what I need, if it returned its result instead of modifying a dict in-place.</p>
<pre><code>>>> x = {'a':1, 'b': 2}
>>> y = {'b':10, 'c': ... | 1,867 | 2008-09-02T07:44:30Z | 49,492 | <p>This probably won't be a popular answer, but you almost certainly do not want to do this. If you want a copy that's a merge, then use copy (or <a href="https://docs.python.org/2/library/copy.html">deepcopy</a>, depending on what you want) and then update. The two lines of code are much more readable - more Pythoni... | 136 | 2008-09-08T11:16:54Z | [
"python",
"dictionary",
"mapping",
"expression",
"idioms"
] |
How to merge two Python dictionaries in a single expression? | 38,987 | <p>I have two Python dictionaries, and I want to write a single expression that returns these two dictionaries, merged. The <code>update()</code> method would be what I need, if it returned its result instead of modifying a dict in-place.</p>
<pre><code>>>> x = {'a':1, 'b': 2}
>>> y = {'b':10, 'c': ... | 1,867 | 2008-09-02T07:44:30Z | 228,366 | <p>In a follow-up answer, you asked about the relative performance of these two alternatives:</p>
<pre><code>z1 = dict(x.items() + y.items())
z2 = dict(x, **y)
</code></pre>
<p>On my machine, at least (a fairly ordinary x86_64 running Python 2.5.2), alternative <code>z2</code> is not only shorter and simpler but also... | 86 | 2008-10-23T02:38:56Z | [
"python",
"dictionary",
"mapping",
"expression",
"idioms"
] |
How to merge two Python dictionaries in a single expression? | 38,987 | <p>I have two Python dictionaries, and I want to write a single expression that returns these two dictionaries, merged. The <code>update()</code> method would be what I need, if it returned its result instead of modifying a dict in-place.</p>
<pre><code>>>> x = {'a':1, 'b': 2}
>>> y = {'b':10, 'c': ... | 1,867 | 2008-09-02T07:44:30Z | 3,936,548 | <p>The best version I could think while not using copy would be:</p>
<pre><code>from itertools import chain
x = {'a':1, 'b': 2}
y = {'b':10, 'c': 11}
dict(chain(x.iteritems(), y.iteritems()))
</code></pre>
<p>It's faster than <code>dict(x.items() + y.items())</code> but not as fast as <code>n = copy(a); n.update(b)</... | 39 | 2010-10-14T18:55:15Z | [
"python",
"dictionary",
"mapping",
"expression",
"idioms"
] |
How to merge two Python dictionaries in a single expression? | 38,987 | <p>I have two Python dictionaries, and I want to write a single expression that returns these two dictionaries, merged. The <code>update()</code> method would be what I need, if it returned its result instead of modifying a dict in-place.</p>
<pre><code>>>> x = {'a':1, 'b': 2}
>>> y = {'b':10, 'c': ... | 1,867 | 2008-09-02T07:44:30Z | 7,770,473 | <p>While the question has already been answered several times,
this simple solution to the problem has not been listed yet.</p>
<pre><code>x = {'a':1, 'b': 2}
y = {'b':10, 'c': 11}
z4 = {}
z4.update(x)
z4.update(y)
</code></pre>
<p>It is as fast as z0 and the evil z2 mentioned above, but easy to understand and change... | 22 | 2011-10-14T16:12:33Z | [
"python",
"dictionary",
"mapping",
"expression",
"idioms"
] |
How to merge two Python dictionaries in a single expression? | 38,987 | <p>I have two Python dictionaries, and I want to write a single expression that returns these two dictionaries, merged. The <code>update()</code> method would be what I need, if it returned its result instead of modifying a dict in-place.</p>
<pre><code>>>> x = {'a':1, 'b': 2}
>>> y = {'b':10, 'c': ... | 1,867 | 2008-09-02T07:44:30Z | 8,247,023 | <p>If you think lambdas are evil then read no further.
As requested, you can write the fast and memory-efficient solution with one expression:</p>
<pre><code>x = {'a':1, 'b':2}
y = {'b':10, 'c':11}
z = (lambda a, b: (lambda a_copy: a_copy.update(b) or a_copy)(a.copy()))(x, y)
print z
{'a': 1, 'c': 11, 'b': 10}
print x... | 15 | 2011-11-23T18:08:23Z | [
"python",
"dictionary",
"mapping",
"expression",
"idioms"
] |
How to merge two Python dictionaries in a single expression? | 38,987 | <p>I have two Python dictionaries, and I want to write a single expression that returns these two dictionaries, merged. The <code>update()</code> method would be what I need, if it returned its result instead of modifying a dict in-place.</p>
<pre><code>>>> x = {'a':1, 'b': 2}
>>> y = {'b':10, 'c': ... | 1,867 | 2008-09-02T07:44:30Z | 8,310,229 | <h1>Recursively/deep update a dict</h1>
<pre><code>def deepupdate(original, update):
"""
Recursively update a dict.
Subdict's won't be overwritten but also updated.
"""
for key, value in original.iteritems():
if key not in update:
update[key] = value
elif isinstance(val... | 32 | 2011-11-29T11:52:15Z | [
"python",
"dictionary",
"mapping",
"expression",
"idioms"
] |
How to merge two Python dictionaries in a single expression? | 38,987 | <p>I have two Python dictionaries, and I want to write a single expression that returns these two dictionaries, merged. The <code>update()</code> method would be what I need, if it returned its result instead of modifying a dict in-place.</p>
<pre><code>>>> x = {'a':1, 'b': 2}
>>> y = {'b':10, 'c': ... | 1,867 | 2008-09-02T07:44:30Z | 11,804,613 | <p>Even though the answers were good for this <em>shallow</em> dictionary, none of the methods defined here actually do a deep dictionary merge.</p>
<p>Examples follow:</p>
<pre><code>a = { 'one': { 'depth_2': True }, 'two': True }
b = { 'one': { 'extra': False } }
print dict(a.items() + b.items())
</code></pre>
<p>... | 5 | 2012-08-03T23:36:50Z | [
"python",
"dictionary",
"mapping",
"expression",
"idioms"
] |
How to merge two Python dictionaries in a single expression? | 38,987 | <p>I have two Python dictionaries, and I want to write a single expression that returns these two dictionaries, merged. The <code>update()</code> method would be what I need, if it returned its result instead of modifying a dict in-place.</p>
<pre><code>>>> x = {'a':1, 'b': 2}
>>> y = {'b':10, 'c': ... | 1,867 | 2008-09-02T07:44:30Z | 11,825,563 | <pre><code>def dict_merge(a, b):
c = a.copy()
c.update(b)
return c
new = dict_merge(old, extras)
</code></pre>
<p>Among such shady and dubious answers, this shining example is the one and only good way to merge dicts in Python, endorsed by dictator for life <em>Guido van Rossum</em> himself! Someone else sugge... | 19 | 2012-08-06T09:24:44Z | [
"python",
"dictionary",
"mapping",
"expression",
"idioms"
] |
How to merge two Python dictionaries in a single expression? | 38,987 | <p>I have two Python dictionaries, and I want to write a single expression that returns these two dictionaries, merged. The <code>update()</code> method would be what I need, if it returned its result instead of modifying a dict in-place.</p>
<pre><code>>>> x = {'a':1, 'b': 2}
>>> y = {'b':10, 'c': ... | 1,867 | 2008-09-02T07:44:30Z | 12,926,103 | <p><strong>Two dictionaries</strong></p>
<pre><code>def union2(dict1, dict2):
return dict(list(dict1.items()) + list(dict2.items()))
</code></pre>
<p><strong><em>n</em> dictionaries</strong></p>
<pre><code>def union(*dicts):
return dict(itertools.chain.from_iterable(dct.items() for dct in dicts))
</code></pr... | 4 | 2012-10-17T02:09:45Z | [
"python",
"dictionary",
"mapping",
"expression",
"idioms"
] |
How to merge two Python dictionaries in a single expression? | 38,987 | <p>I have two Python dictionaries, and I want to write a single expression that returns these two dictionaries, merged. The <code>update()</code> method would be what I need, if it returned its result instead of modifying a dict in-place.</p>
<pre><code>>>> x = {'a':1, 'b': 2}
>>> y = {'b':10, 'c': ... | 1,867 | 2008-09-02T07:44:30Z | 16,259,217 | <p>In Python 3, you can use <a href="http://docs.python.org/3/library/collections.html#collections.ChainMap"><em>collections.ChainMap</em></a> which groups multiple dicts or other mappings together to create a single, updateable view:</p>
<pre><code>>>> from collections import ChainMap
>>> x = {'a':1... | 44 | 2013-04-28T03:15:38Z | [
"python",
"dictionary",
"mapping",
"expression",
"idioms"
] |
How to merge two Python dictionaries in a single expression? | 38,987 | <p>I have two Python dictionaries, and I want to write a single expression that returns these two dictionaries, merged. The <code>update()</code> method would be what I need, if it returned its result instead of modifying a dict in-place.</p>
<pre><code>>>> x = {'a':1, 'b': 2}
>>> y = {'b':10, 'c': ... | 1,867 | 2008-09-02T07:44:30Z | 16,769,722 | <p>Using a dict comprehension, you may</p>
<pre><code>x = {'a':1, 'b': 2}
y = {'b':10, 'c': 11}
dc = {xi:(x[xi] if xi not in list(y.keys())
else y[xi]) for xi in list(x.keys())+(list(y.keys()))}
</code></pre>
<p>gives</p>
<pre><code>>>> dc
{'a': 1, 'c': 11, 'b': 10}
</code></pre>
<p>Note the ... | 1 | 2013-05-27T09:04:20Z | [
"python",
"dictionary",
"mapping",
"expression",
"idioms"
] |
How to merge two Python dictionaries in a single expression? | 38,987 | <p>I have two Python dictionaries, and I want to write a single expression that returns these two dictionaries, merged. The <code>update()</code> method would be what I need, if it returned its result instead of modifying a dict in-place.</p>
<pre><code>>>> x = {'a':1, 'b': 2}
>>> y = {'b':10, 'c': ... | 1,867 | 2008-09-02T07:44:30Z | 17,587,183 | <p>Here is some code, it seems to work ok:</p>
<pre><code>def merge(d1, d2, mode=0):
if not type(d2) is dict:
raise Exception("d2 is not a dict")
if not type(d1) is dict:
if mode == 0:
raise Exception("d1 is not a dict")
return d2
result = dict(d1)
for k, v in d2.... | -2 | 2013-07-11T07:13:12Z | [
"python",
"dictionary",
"mapping",
"expression",
"idioms"
] |
How to merge two Python dictionaries in a single expression? | 38,987 | <p>I have two Python dictionaries, and I want to write a single expression that returns these two dictionaries, merged. The <code>update()</code> method would be what I need, if it returned its result instead of modifying a dict in-place.</p>
<pre><code>>>> x = {'a':1, 'b': 2}
>>> y = {'b':10, 'c': ... | 1,867 | 2008-09-02T07:44:30Z | 17,738,920 | <p>Drawing on ideas here and elsewhere I've comprehended a function:</p>
<pre><code>def merge(*dicts, **kv):
return { k:v for d in list(dicts) + [kv] for k,v in d.items() }
</code></pre>
<p>Usage (tested in python 3):</p>
<pre><code>assert (merge({1:11,'a':'aaa'},{1:99, 'b':'bbb'},foo='bar')==\
{1: 99, 'f... | 5 | 2013-07-19T05:49:19Z | [
"python",
"dictionary",
"mapping",
"expression",
"idioms"
] |
How to merge two Python dictionaries in a single expression? | 38,987 | <p>I have two Python dictionaries, and I want to write a single expression that returns these two dictionaries, merged. The <code>update()</code> method would be what I need, if it returned its result instead of modifying a dict in-place.</p>
<pre><code>>>> x = {'a':1, 'b': 2}
>>> y = {'b':10, 'c': ... | 1,867 | 2008-09-02T07:44:30Z | 18,114,065 | <p>Abuse leading to a one-expression solution for <a href="http://stackoverflow.com/a/39437/15055">Matthew's answer</a>:</p>
<pre><code>>>> x = {'a':1, 'b': 2}
>>> y = {'b':10, 'c': 11}
>>> z = (lambda f=x.copy(): (f.update(y), f)[1])()
>>> z
{'a': 1, 'c': 11, 'b': 10}
</code></pre>... | 7 | 2013-08-07T21:23:08Z | [
"python",
"dictionary",
"mapping",
"expression",
"idioms"
] |
How to merge two Python dictionaries in a single expression? | 38,987 | <p>I have two Python dictionaries, and I want to write a single expression that returns these two dictionaries, merged. The <code>update()</code> method would be what I need, if it returned its result instead of modifying a dict in-place.</p>
<pre><code>>>> x = {'a':1, 'b': 2}
>>> y = {'b':10, 'c': ... | 1,867 | 2008-09-02T07:44:30Z | 18,665,968 | <p><code>**</code> creates an intermediary dict, which means that the total number of copies
is actually higher doing the <code>dict(one, **two)</code> form, but all that happens in C
so it's still generally faster than going to itertools, unless there are a huge number of copies (or, probably, if the copies are very e... | 1 | 2013-09-06T20:18:58Z | [
"python",
"dictionary",
"mapping",
"expression",
"idioms"
] |
How to merge two Python dictionaries in a single expression? | 38,987 | <p>I have two Python dictionaries, and I want to write a single expression that returns these two dictionaries, merged. The <code>update()</code> method would be what I need, if it returned its result instead of modifying a dict in-place.</p>
<pre><code>>>> x = {'a':1, 'b': 2}
>>> y = {'b':10, 'c': ... | 1,867 | 2008-09-02T07:44:30Z | 19,279,501 | <p>In python3, the <code>items</code> method <a href="http://docs.python.org/dev/whatsnew/3.0.html#views-and-iterators-instead-of-lists">no longer returns a list</a>, but rather a <em>view</em>, which acts like a set. In this case you'll need to take the set union since concatenating with <code>+</code> won't work:</p>... | 10 | 2013-10-09T18:09:08Z | [
"python",
"dictionary",
"mapping",
"expression",
"idioms"
] |
How to merge two Python dictionaries in a single expression? | 38,987 | <p>I have two Python dictionaries, and I want to write a single expression that returns these two dictionaries, merged. The <code>update()</code> method would be what I need, if it returned its result instead of modifying a dict in-place.</p>
<pre><code>>>> x = {'a':1, 'b': 2}
>>> y = {'b':10, 'c': ... | 1,867 | 2008-09-02T07:44:30Z | 19,950,727 | <pre><code>>>> x = {'a':1, 'b': 2}
>>> y = {'b':10, 'c': 11}
>>> x, z = dict(x), x.update(y) or x
>>> x
{'a': 1, 'b': 2}
>>> y
{'c': 11, 'b': 10}
>>> z
{'a': 1, 'c': 11, 'b': 10}
</code></pre>
| 6 | 2013-11-13T10:01:31Z | [
"python",
"dictionary",
"mapping",
"expression",
"idioms"
] |
How to merge two Python dictionaries in a single expression? | 38,987 | <p>I have two Python dictionaries, and I want to write a single expression that returns these two dictionaries, merged. The <code>update()</code> method would be what I need, if it returned its result instead of modifying a dict in-place.</p>
<pre><code>>>> x = {'a':1, 'b': 2}
>>> y = {'b':10, 'c': ... | 1,867 | 2008-09-02T07:44:30Z | 20,358,548 | <p>The problem I have with solutions listed to date is that, in the merged dictionary, the value for key "b" is 10 but, to my way of thinking, it should be 12.
In that light, I present the following:</p>
<pre><code>import timeit
n=100000
su = """
x = {'a':1, 'b': 2}
y = {'b':10, 'c': 11}
"""
def timeMerge(f,su,niter... | 5 | 2013-12-03T18:11:54Z | [
"python",
"dictionary",
"mapping",
"expression",
"idioms"
] |
How to merge two Python dictionaries in a single expression? | 38,987 | <p>I have two Python dictionaries, and I want to write a single expression that returns these two dictionaries, merged. The <code>update()</code> method would be what I need, if it returned its result instead of modifying a dict in-place.</p>
<pre><code>>>> x = {'a':1, 'b': 2}
>>> y = {'b':10, 'c': ... | 1,867 | 2008-09-02T07:44:30Z | 20,394,520 | <p>I have a solution which is not specified here(Man I LOVE python) :-)</p>
<pre><code>z = {}
z.update(x) or z.update(y)
</code></pre>
<p>This will not update x as well as y. Performance? I don't think it will be terribly slow :-)</p>
<p>NOTE: It is supposed to be 'or' operation and not 'and' operation. Edited to co... | 1 | 2013-12-05T08:02:05Z | [
"python",
"dictionary",
"mapping",
"expression",
"idioms"
] |
How to merge two Python dictionaries in a single expression? | 38,987 | <p>I have two Python dictionaries, and I want to write a single expression that returns these two dictionaries, merged. The <code>update()</code> method would be what I need, if it returned its result instead of modifying a dict in-place.</p>
<pre><code>>>> x = {'a':1, 'b': 2}
>>> y = {'b':10, 'c': ... | 1,867 | 2008-09-02T07:44:30Z | 22,122,836 | <p>It's so silly that <code>.update</code> returns nothing.<br>
I just use a simple helper function to solve the problem:</p>
<pre><code>def merge(dict1,*dicts):
for dict2 in dicts:
dict1.update(dict2)
return dict1
</code></pre>
<p>Examples:</p>
<pre><code>merge(dict1,dict2)
merge(dict1,dict2,dict3)
... | 2 | 2014-03-02T01:44:39Z | [
"python",
"dictionary",
"mapping",
"expression",
"idioms"
] |
How to merge two Python dictionaries in a single expression? | 38,987 | <p>I have two Python dictionaries, and I want to write a single expression that returns these two dictionaries, merged. The <code>update()</code> method would be what I need, if it returned its result instead of modifying a dict in-place.</p>
<pre><code>>>> x = {'a':1, 'b': 2}
>>> y = {'b':10, 'c': ... | 1,867 | 2008-09-02T07:44:30Z | 26,111,877 | <p>A union of the OP's two dictionaries would be something like:</p>
<pre><code>{'a': 1, 'b': 2, 10, 'c': 11}
</code></pre>
<p>Specifically, the union of two entities(<code>x</code> and <code>y</code>) contains all the elements of <code>x</code> and/or <code>y</code>.
Unfortunately, what the OP asks for is not a unio... | 1 | 2014-09-30T02:36:19Z | [
"python",
"dictionary",
"mapping",
"expression",
"idioms"
] |
How to merge two Python dictionaries in a single expression? | 38,987 | <p>I have two Python dictionaries, and I want to write a single expression that returns these two dictionaries, merged. The <code>update()</code> method would be what I need, if it returned its result instead of modifying a dict in-place.</p>
<pre><code>>>> x = {'a':1, 'b': 2}
>>> y = {'b':10, 'c': ... | 1,867 | 2008-09-02T07:44:30Z | 26,853,961 | <blockquote>
<h1>How can I merge two Python dictionaries in a single expression?</h1>
</blockquote>
<p>Say you have two dicts and you want to merge them into a new dict without altering the original dicts:</p>
<pre><code>x = {'a': 1, 'b': 2}
y = {'b': 3, 'c': 4}
</code></pre>
<p>The desired result is to get a new ... | 1,255 | 2014-11-10T22:11:48Z | [
"python",
"dictionary",
"mapping",
"expression",
"idioms"
] |
How to merge two Python dictionaries in a single expression? | 38,987 | <p>I have two Python dictionaries, and I want to write a single expression that returns these two dictionaries, merged. The <code>update()</code> method would be what I need, if it returned its result instead of modifying a dict in-place.</p>
<pre><code>>>> x = {'a':1, 'b': 2}
>>> y = {'b':10, 'c': ... | 1,867 | 2008-09-02T07:44:30Z | 28,753,078 | <p>Python 3.5 (PEP 448) allows a nicer syntax option:</p>
<pre><code>x = {'a': 1, 'b': 1}
y = {'a': 2, 'c': 2}
final = {**x, **y}
final
# {'a': 2, 'b': 1, 'c': 2}
</code></pre>
<p>Or even </p>
<pre><code>final = {'a': 1, 'b': 1, **x, **y}
</code></pre>
| 22 | 2015-02-26T21:27:52Z | [
"python",
"dictionary",
"mapping",
"expression",
"idioms"
] |
How to merge two Python dictionaries in a single expression? | 38,987 | <p>I have two Python dictionaries, and I want to write a single expression that returns these two dictionaries, merged. The <code>update()</code> method would be what I need, if it returned its result instead of modifying a dict in-place.</p>
<pre><code>>>> x = {'a':1, 'b': 2}
>>> y = {'b':10, 'c': ... | 1,867 | 2008-09-02T07:44:30Z | 29,177,685 | <pre><code>a = {1: 2, 3: 4, 5: 6}
b = {7:8, 1:2}
combined = dict(a.items() + b.items())
print combined
</code></pre>
| 2 | 2015-03-21T00:06:12Z | [
"python",
"dictionary",
"mapping",
"expression",
"idioms"
] |
How to merge two Python dictionaries in a single expression? | 38,987 | <p>I have two Python dictionaries, and I want to write a single expression that returns these two dictionaries, merged. The <code>update()</code> method would be what I need, if it returned its result instead of modifying a dict in-place.</p>
<pre><code>>>> x = {'a':1, 'b': 2}
>>> y = {'b':10, 'c': ... | 1,867 | 2008-09-02T07:44:30Z | 31,478,567 | <p>This can be done with a single dict comprehension:</p>
<pre><code>>>> x = {'a':1, 'b': 2}
>>> y = {'b':10, 'c': 11}
>>> { key: y[key] if key in y else x[key]
for key in set(x) + set(y)
}
</code></pre>
<p>In my view the best answer for the 'single expression' part as no extra fu... | 2 | 2015-07-17T14:47:23Z | [
"python",
"dictionary",
"mapping",
"expression",
"idioms"
] |
How to merge two Python dictionaries in a single expression? | 38,987 | <p>I have two Python dictionaries, and I want to write a single expression that returns these two dictionaries, merged. The <code>update()</code> method would be what I need, if it returned its result instead of modifying a dict in-place.</p>
<pre><code>>>> x = {'a':1, 'b': 2}
>>> y = {'b':10, 'c': ... | 1,867 | 2008-09-02T07:44:30Z | 31,812,635 | <p>Simple solution using itertools that preserves order (latter dicts have precedence)</p>
<pre><code>import itertools as it
merge = lambda *args: dict(it.chain.from_iterable(it.imap(dict.iteritems, args)))
</code></pre>
<p>And it's usage:</p>
<pre><code>>>> x = {'a':1, 'b': 2}
>>> y = {'b':10, 'c'... | 7 | 2015-08-04T14:54:58Z | [
"python",
"dictionary",
"mapping",
"expression",
"idioms"
] |
How to merge two Python dictionaries in a single expression? | 38,987 | <p>I have two Python dictionaries, and I want to write a single expression that returns these two dictionaries, merged. The <code>update()</code> method would be what I need, if it returned its result instead of modifying a dict in-place.</p>
<pre><code>>>> x = {'a':1, 'b': 2}
>>> y = {'b':10, 'c': ... | 1,867 | 2008-09-02T07:44:30Z | 33,999,337 | <pre><code>from collections import Counter
dict1 = {'a':1, 'b': 2}
dict2 = {'b':10, 'c': 11}
result = dict(Counter(dict1) + Counter(dict2))
</code></pre>
<p>This should solve your problem.</p>
| 1 | 2015-11-30T13:04:00Z | [
"python",
"dictionary",
"mapping",
"expression",
"idioms"
] |
How to merge two Python dictionaries in a single expression? | 38,987 | <p>I have two Python dictionaries, and I want to write a single expression that returns these two dictionaries, merged. The <code>update()</code> method would be what I need, if it returned its result instead of modifying a dict in-place.</p>
<pre><code>>>> x = {'a':1, 'b': 2}
>>> y = {'b':10, 'c': ... | 1,867 | 2008-09-02T07:44:30Z | 34,899,183 | <p>Be pythonic. Use a <a href="https://docs.python.org/2/tutorial/datastructures.html#dictionaries" rel="nofollow">comprehension</a>:</p>
<pre><code>z={i:d[i] for d in [x,y] for i in d}
>>> print z
{'a': 1, 'c': 11, 'b': 10}
</code></pre>
| 3 | 2016-01-20T11:46:22Z | [
"python",
"dictionary",
"mapping",
"expression",
"idioms"
] |
How to merge two Python dictionaries in a single expression? | 38,987 | <p>I have two Python dictionaries, and I want to write a single expression that returns these two dictionaries, merged. The <code>update()</code> method would be what I need, if it returned its result instead of modifying a dict in-place.</p>
<pre><code>>>> x = {'a':1, 'b': 2}
>>> y = {'b':10, 'c': ... | 1,867 | 2008-09-02T07:44:30Z | 36,263,150 | <p>(For Python2.7* only; there are simpler solutions for Python3*.)</p>
<p>If you're not averse to importing a standard library module, you can do</p>
<pre><code>from functools import reduce
def merge_dicts(*dicts):
return reduce(lambda a, d: a.update(d) or a, dicts, {})
</code></pre>
<p>(The <code>or a</code> ... | 1 | 2016-03-28T13:13:27Z | [
"python",
"dictionary",
"mapping",
"expression",
"idioms"
] |
How to merge two Python dictionaries in a single expression? | 38,987 | <p>I have two Python dictionaries, and I want to write a single expression that returns these two dictionaries, merged. The <code>update()</code> method would be what I need, if it returned its result instead of modifying a dict in-place.</p>
<pre><code>>>> x = {'a':1, 'b': 2}
>>> y = {'b':10, 'c': ... | 1,867 | 2008-09-02T07:44:30Z | 37,304,637 | <p>I know this does not really fit the specifics of the questions ("one liner"), but since <em>none</em> of the answers above went into this direction while lots and lots of answers addressed the performance issue, I felt I should contribute my thoughts.</p>
<p>Depending on the use case it might not be necessary to cr... | 1 | 2016-05-18T15:57:32Z | [
"python",
"dictionary",
"mapping",
"expression",
"idioms"
] |
How to merge two Python dictionaries in a single expression? | 38,987 | <p>I have two Python dictionaries, and I want to write a single expression that returns these two dictionaries, merged. The <code>update()</code> method would be what I need, if it returned its result instead of modifying a dict in-place.</p>
<pre><code>>>> x = {'a':1, 'b': 2}
>>> y = {'b':10, 'c': ... | 1,867 | 2008-09-02T07:44:30Z | 39,251,599 | <p>For Python 2 :</p>
<pre><code>x = {'a':1, 'b': 2}
y = {'b':10, 'c': 11}
z = dict(x.items()+y.items())
print(z)
</code></pre>
<p>For Python 3:</p>
<pre><code>x = {'a':1, 'b': 2}
y = {'b':10, 'c': 11}
z = dict(x.items()|y.items())
print(z)
</code></pre>
<p>It gives output:<code>{'a': 1, 'c': 11, 'b': 10}</code></p... | 0 | 2016-08-31T13:53:20Z | [
"python",
"dictionary",
"mapping",
"expression",
"idioms"
] |
How to merge two Python dictionaries in a single expression? | 38,987 | <p>I have two Python dictionaries, and I want to write a single expression that returns these two dictionaries, merged. The <code>update()</code> method would be what I need, if it returned its result instead of modifying a dict in-place.</p>
<pre><code>>>> x = {'a':1, 'b': 2}
>>> y = {'b':10, 'c': ... | 1,867 | 2008-09-02T07:44:30Z | 39,736,284 | <p>In Python 3.5 you can use unpack <code>**</code> in order to create new dictionary.
This method has no been showed in past answers. Also, it's better to use <code>{}</code> instead of <code>dict()</code>. Because <code>{}</code> is a python literal and <code>dict()</code> involves a function call.</p>
<pre><code>d... | 0 | 2016-09-28T00:33:55Z | [
"python",
"dictionary",
"mapping",
"expression",
"idioms"
] |
Search and replace a line in a file in Python | 39,086 | <p>I want to loop over the contents of a text file and do a search and replace on some lines and write the result back to the file. I could first load the whole file in memory and then write it back, but that probably is not the best way to do it.</p>
<p>What is the best way to do this, within the following code?</p>
... | 170 | 2008-09-02T09:19:04Z | 39,089 | <p>Create a new file, copy lines from the old to the new, and do the replacing before you write the lines to the new file.</p>
| 2 | 2008-09-02T09:24:20Z | [
"python",
"file"
] |
Search and replace a line in a file in Python | 39,086 | <p>I want to loop over the contents of a text file and do a search and replace on some lines and write the result back to the file. I could first load the whole file in memory and then write it back, but that probably is not the best way to do it.</p>
<p>What is the best way to do this, within the following code?</p>
... | 170 | 2008-09-02T09:19:04Z | 39,110 | <p>I guess something like this should do it. It basically writes the content to a new file and replaces the old file with the new file:</p>
<pre><code>from tempfile import mkstemp
from shutil import move
from os import remove, close
def replace(file_path, pattern, subst):
#Create temp file
fh, abs_path = mkst... | 111 | 2008-09-02T09:42:21Z | [
"python",
"file"
] |
Search and replace a line in a file in Python | 39,086 | <p>I want to loop over the contents of a text file and do a search and replace on some lines and write the result back to the file. I could first load the whole file in memory and then write it back, but that probably is not the best way to do it.</p>
<p>What is the best way to do this, within the following code?</p>
... | 170 | 2008-09-02T09:19:04Z | 39,113 | <p>As lassevk suggests, write out the new file as you go, here is some example code:</p>
<pre><code>fin = open("a.txt")
fout = open("b.txt", "wt")
for line in fin:
fout.write( line.replace('foo', 'bar') )
fin.close()
fout.close()
</code></pre>
| 8 | 2008-09-02T09:42:57Z | [
"python",
"file"
] |
Search and replace a line in a file in Python | 39,086 | <p>I want to loop over the contents of a text file and do a search and replace on some lines and write the result back to the file. I could first load the whole file in memory and then write it back, but that probably is not the best way to do it.</p>
<p>What is the best way to do this, within the following code?</p>
... | 170 | 2008-09-02T09:19:04Z | 290,494 | <p>The shortest way would probably be to use the <a href="http://docs.python.org/2/library/fileinput.html?highlight=fileinput#fileinput">fileinput module</a>. For example, the following adds line numbers to a file, in-place:</p>
<pre><code>import fileinput
for line in fileinput.input("test.txt", inplace=True):
pr... | 182 | 2008-11-14T15:47:40Z | [
"python",
"file"
] |
Search and replace a line in a file in Python | 39,086 | <p>I want to loop over the contents of a text file and do a search and replace on some lines and write the result back to the file. I could first load the whole file in memory and then write it back, but that probably is not the best way to do it.</p>
<p>What is the best way to do this, within the following code?</p>
... | 170 | 2008-09-02T09:19:04Z | 315,088 | <p>Here's another example that was tested, and will match search & replace patterns:</p>
<pre><code>import fileinput
import sys
def replaceAll(file,searchExp,replaceExp):
for line in fileinput.input(file, inplace=1):
if searchExp in line:
line = line.replace(searchExp,replaceExp)
s... | 52 | 2008-11-24T19:02:28Z | [
"python",
"file"
] |
Search and replace a line in a file in Python | 39,086 | <p>I want to loop over the contents of a text file and do a search and replace on some lines and write the result back to the file. I could first load the whole file in memory and then write it back, but that probably is not the best way to do it.</p>
<p>What is the best way to do this, within the following code?</p>
... | 170 | 2008-09-02T09:19:04Z | 1,388,570 | <p>This should work: (inplace editing)</p>
<pre><code>import fileinput
# Does a list of files, and
# redirects STDOUT to the file in question
for line in fileinput.input(files, inplace = 1):
print line.replace("foo", "bar"),
</code></pre>
| 30 | 2009-09-07T10:07:25Z | [
"python",
"file"
] |
Search and replace a line in a file in Python | 39,086 | <p>I want to loop over the contents of a text file and do a search and replace on some lines and write the result back to the file. I could first load the whole file in memory and then write it back, but that probably is not the best way to do it.</p>
<p>What is the best way to do this, within the following code?</p>
... | 170 | 2008-09-02T09:19:04Z | 11,784,227 | <p>if you remove the indent at the like below, it will search and replace in multiple line.
See below for example.</p>
<pre><code>def replace(file, pattern, subst):
#Create temp file
fh, abs_path = mkstemp()
print fh, abs_path
new_file = open(abs_path,'w')
old_file = open(file)
for line in old_... | 0 | 2012-08-02T19:12:12Z | [
"python",
"file"
] |
Search and replace a line in a file in Python | 39,086 | <p>I want to loop over the contents of a text file and do a search and replace on some lines and write the result back to the file. I could first load the whole file in memory and then write it back, but that probably is not the best way to do it.</p>
<p>What is the best way to do this, within the following code?</p>
... | 170 | 2008-09-02T09:19:04Z | 13,641,746 | <p>Based on the answer by Thomas Watnedal.
However, this does not answer the line-to-line part of the original question exactly. The function can still replace on a line-to-line basis </p>
<p>This implementation replaces the file contents without using temporary files, as a consequence file permissions remain unchang... | 13 | 2012-11-30T08:51:17Z | [
"python",
"file"
] |
Search and replace a line in a file in Python | 39,086 | <p>I want to loop over the contents of a text file and do a search and replace on some lines and write the result back to the file. I could first load the whole file in memory and then write it back, but that probably is not the best way to do it.</p>
<p>What is the best way to do this, within the following code?</p>
... | 170 | 2008-09-02T09:19:04Z | 18,676,598 | <p>A more pythonic way would be to use context managers like the code below:</p>
<pre><code>from tempfile import mkstemp
from shutil import move
from os import remove
def replace(source_file_path, pattern, substring):
fh, target_file_path = mkstemp()
with open(target_file_path, 'w') as target_file:
wi... | 6 | 2013-09-07T18:39:01Z | [
"python",
"file"
] |
Search and replace a line in a file in Python | 39,086 | <p>I want to loop over the contents of a text file and do a search and replace on some lines and write the result back to the file. I could first load the whole file in memory and then write it back, but that probably is not the best way to do it.</p>
<p>What is the best way to do this, within the following code?</p>
... | 170 | 2008-09-02T09:19:04Z | 21,857,132 | <p>If you're wanting a generic function that replaces <em>any</em> text with some other text, this is likely the best way to go, particularly if you're a fan of regex's:</p>
<pre><code>import re
def replace( filePath, text, subs, flags=0 ):
with open( filePath, "r+" ) as file:
fileContents = file.read()
... | 7 | 2014-02-18T14:43:02Z | [
"python",
"file"
] |
Search and replace a line in a file in Python | 39,086 | <p>I want to loop over the contents of a text file and do a search and replace on some lines and write the result back to the file. I could first load the whole file in memory and then write it back, but that probably is not the best way to do it.</p>
<p>What is the best way to do this, within the following code?</p>
... | 170 | 2008-09-02T09:19:04Z | 23,123,426 | <p>Using hamishmcn's answer as a template I was able to search for a line in a file that match my regex and replacing it with empty string.</p>
<pre><code>import re
fin = open("in.txt", 'r') # in file
fout = open("out.txt", 'w') # out file
for line in fin:
p = re.compile('[-][0-9]*[.][0-9]*[,]|[-][0-9]*[,]') # p... | 0 | 2014-04-17T02:13:32Z | [
"python",
"file"
] |
Search and replace a line in a file in Python | 39,086 | <p>I want to loop over the contents of a text file and do a search and replace on some lines and write the result back to the file. I could first load the whole file in memory and then write it back, but that probably is not the best way to do it.</p>
<p>What is the best way to do this, within the following code?</p>
... | 170 | 2008-09-02T09:19:04Z | 23,426,834 | <p>Expanding on @Kiran's answer, which I agree is more succinct and Pythonic, this adds codecs to support the reading and writing of UTF-8:</p>
<pre><code>import codecs
from tempfile import mkstemp
from shutil import move
from os import remove
def replace(source_file_path, pattern, substring):
fh, target_file_... | 2 | 2014-05-02T11:15:57Z | [
"python",
"file"
] |
Finding a file in a Python module distribution | 39,104 | <p>I've written a Python package that includes a bsddb database of pre-computed values for one of the more time-consuming computations. For simplicity, my setup script installs the database file in the same directory as the code which accesses the database (on Unix, something like /usr/lib/python2.5/site-packages/mypa... | 12 | 2008-09-02T09:40:26Z | 39,295 | <p>That's probably the way to do it, without resorting to something more advanced like using setuptools to install the files where they belong.</p>
<p>Notice there's a problem with that approach, because on OSes with real a security framework (UNIXes, etc.) the user running your script might not have the rights to acc... | 4 | 2008-09-02T11:43:45Z | [
"python",
"distutils"
] |
Finding a file in a Python module distribution | 39,104 | <p>I've written a Python package that includes a bsddb database of pre-computed values for one of the more time-consuming computations. For simplicity, my setup script installs the database file in the same directory as the code which accesses the database (on Unix, something like /usr/lib/python2.5/site-packages/mypa... | 12 | 2008-09-02T09:40:26Z | 39,659 | <p>Try using pkg_resources, which is part of setuptools (and available on all of the pythons I have access to right now):</p>
<pre><code>>>> import pkg_resources
>>> pkg_resources.resource_ filename(__name__, "foo.config")
'foo.config'
>>> pkg_resources.resource_filename('tempfile', "foo.con... | 14 | 2008-09-02T14:26:07Z | [
"python",
"distutils"
] |
Finding a file in a Python module distribution | 39,104 | <p>I've written a Python package that includes a bsddb database of pre-computed values for one of the more time-consuming computations. For simplicity, my setup script installs the database file in the same directory as the code which accesses the database (on Unix, something like /usr/lib/python2.5/site-packages/mypa... | 12 | 2008-09-02T09:40:26Z | 9,918,496 | <p>Use <code>pkgutil.get_data</code>. Itâs the cousin of <code>pkg_resources.resource_stream</code>, but in the standard library, and should work with flat filesystem installs as well as zipped packages and other importers.</p>
| 9 | 2012-03-29T02:52:42Z | [
"python",
"distutils"
] |
What is the best way to do Bit Field manipulation in Python? | 39,663 | <p>I'm reading some MPEG Transport Stream protocol over UDP and it has some funky bitfields in it (length 13 for example). I'm using the "struct" library to do the broad unpacking, but is there a simple way to say "Grab the next 13 bits" rather than have to hand-tweak the bit manipulation? I'd like something like the w... | 25 | 2008-09-02T14:28:40Z | 39,760 | <p>It's an often-asked question. There's an <a href="http://code.activestate.com/recipes/113799/">ASPN Cookbook</a> entry on it that has served me in the past.</p>
<p>And there is an <a href="http://wiki.python.org/moin/BitManipulation">extensive page of requirements one person would like to see from a module doing t... | 7 | 2008-09-02T15:13:44Z | [
"python",
"udp",
"bits",
"bit-fields"
] |
What is the best way to do Bit Field manipulation in Python? | 39,663 | <p>I'm reading some MPEG Transport Stream protocol over UDP and it has some funky bitfields in it (length 13 for example). I'm using the "struct" library to do the broad unpacking, but is there a simple way to say "Grab the next 13 bits" rather than have to hand-tweak the bit manipulation? I'd like something like the w... | 25 | 2008-09-02T14:28:40Z | 1,086,668 | <p>The <a href="http://python-bitstring.googlecode.com">bitstring</a> module is designed to address just this problem. It will let you read, modify and construct data using bits as the basic building blocks. The latest versions are for Python 2.6 or later (including Python 3) but version 1.0 supported Python 2.4 and 2.... | 25 | 2009-07-06T12:20:13Z | [
"python",
"udp",
"bits",
"bit-fields"
] |
Using C in a shared multi-platform POSIX environment | 39,847 | <p>I write tools that are used in a shared workspace. Since there are multiple OS's working in this space, we generally use Python and standardize the version that is installed across machines. However, if I wanted to write some things in C, I was wondering if maybe I could have the application wrapped in a Python scri... | 2 | 2008-09-02T15:46:39Z | 39,865 | <p>You know, you should look at static linking.</p>
<p>These days, we all have HUGE hard drives, and a few extra megabytes (for carrying around libc and what not) is really not that big a deal anymore. </p>
<p>You could also try running your applications in chroot() jails and distributing those.</p>
| 0 | 2008-09-02T15:58:10Z | [
"python",
"c",
"cross-platform",
"posix",
"scripting"
] |
Using C in a shared multi-platform POSIX environment | 39,847 | <p>I write tools that are used in a shared workspace. Since there are multiple OS's working in this space, we generally use Python and standardize the version that is installed across machines. However, if I wanted to write some things in C, I was wondering if maybe I could have the application wrapped in a Python scri... | 2 | 2008-09-02T15:46:39Z | 39,871 | <p>Depending on your mix os OSes, you might be better off creating packages for each class of system.</p>
<p>Alternatively, if they all share the same ABI and hardware architecture, you could also compile static binaries.</p>
| 0 | 2008-09-02T15:59:52Z | [
"python",
"c",
"cross-platform",
"posix",
"scripting"
] |
Using C in a shared multi-platform POSIX environment | 39,847 | <p>I write tools that are used in a shared workspace. Since there are multiple OS's working in this space, we generally use Python and standardize the version that is installed across machines. However, if I wanted to write some things in C, I was wondering if maybe I could have the application wrapped in a Python scri... | 2 | 2008-09-02T15:46:39Z | 39,878 | <p>Also, you could use autoconf and distribute your application in source form only. :)</p>
| 1 | 2008-09-02T16:03:04Z | [
"python",
"c",
"cross-platform",
"posix",
"scripting"
] |
Using C in a shared multi-platform POSIX environment | 39,847 | <p>I write tools that are used in a shared workspace. Since there are multiple OS's working in this space, we generally use Python and standardize the version that is installed across machines. However, if I wanted to write some things in C, I was wondering if maybe I could have the application wrapped in a Python scri... | 2 | 2008-09-02T15:46:39Z | 40,367 | <p>Launching a Python interpreter instance just to select the right binary to run would be much heavier than you need. I'd distribute a shell .rc file which provides aliases.</p>
<p>In /shared/bin, you put the various binaries: /shared/bin/toolname-mac, /shared/bin/toolname-debian-x86, /shared/bin/toolname-netbsd-dre... | 2 | 2008-09-02T19:29:07Z | [
"python",
"c",
"cross-platform",
"posix",
"scripting"
] |
PGP signatures from Python? | 39,929 | <p>What is the easiest way to create and verify PGP/GPG signatures from within a Python application? </p>
<p>I can call pgp or gpg using subprocess and parse the output, but I was looking for a way that didn't require an external program to be installed (my application is cross-platform mac/windows/unix).</p>
| 5 | 2008-09-02T16:19:11Z | 40,069 | <p>I think <a href="http://www.gnupg.org/related_software/gpgme/" rel="nofollow">GPGME</a> and the <a href="http://pyme.sourceforge.net/" rel="nofollow">PyMe Python wrapper</a> should do what you need.</p>
| 8 | 2008-09-02T17:15:23Z | [
"python",
"security",
"cross-platform",
"gnupg"
] |
PGP signatures from Python? | 39,929 | <p>What is the easiest way to create and verify PGP/GPG signatures from within a Python application? </p>
<p>I can call pgp or gpg using subprocess and parse the output, but I was looking for a way that didn't require an external program to be installed (my application is cross-platform mac/windows/unix).</p>
| 5 | 2008-09-02T16:19:11Z | 4,849,894 | <p>In addition to PyMe, consider <a href="http://code.google.com/p/python-gnupg/" rel="nofollow">python-gnupg</a> and the <a href="http://py-gnupg.sourceforge.net/" rel="nofollow">gnupginterface</a>.</p>
| 2 | 2011-01-31T10:37:45Z | [
"python",
"security",
"cross-platform",
"gnupg"
] |
javascript locals()? | 39,960 | <p>In python one can get a dictionary of all local and global variables in the current scope with the built-in functions locals() and globals(). Is there some equivalent way of doing this in javascript? For instance, I would like to do something like the following:</p>
<pre><code>var foo = function(){ alert('foo'); ... | 17 | 2008-09-02T16:29:30Z | 39,982 | <p>Well, I don't think that there is something like that in js. You can always use eval instead of locals(). Like this: </p>
<pre><code>eval(s+"()");
</code></pre>
<p>You just have to know that actually function <em>foo</em> exists.</p>
<p><strong>Edit:</strong></p>
<p>Don't use eval:) Use:</p>
<pre><code>var func... | 4 | 2008-09-02T16:36:28Z | [
"javascript",
"python"
] |
javascript locals()? | 39,960 | <p>In python one can get a dictionary of all local and global variables in the current scope with the built-in functions locals() and globals(). Is there some equivalent way of doing this in javascript? For instance, I would like to do something like the following:</p>
<pre><code>var foo = function(){ alert('foo'); ... | 17 | 2008-09-02T16:29:30Z | 39,992 | <p>AFAIK, no. If you just want to check the existence of a given variable, you can do it by testing for it, something like this:</p>
<pre><code>if (foo) foo();
</code></pre>
| 0 | 2008-09-02T16:41:56Z | [
"javascript",
"python"
] |
javascript locals()? | 39,960 | <p>In python one can get a dictionary of all local and global variables in the current scope with the built-in functions locals() and globals(). Is there some equivalent way of doing this in javascript? For instance, I would like to do something like the following:</p>
<pre><code>var foo = function(){ alert('foo'); ... | 17 | 2008-09-02T16:29:30Z | 40,012 | <p>I seem to remember Brendan Eich commented on this in a recent podcast; if i recall correctly, it's not being considered, as it adds unreasonable restrictions to optimization. He compared it to the <code>arguments</code> local in that, while useful for varargs, its very existence removes the ability to guess at what ... | 3 | 2008-09-02T16:50:34Z | [
"javascript",
"python"
] |
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