source sequencelengths 14 112 | target sequencelengths 1 1 | keywords sequencelengths 0 5 |
|---|---|---|
[
"In this paper , we explore correlation of dependency relation paths to rank candidate answers in answer extraction .",
"Using the correlation measure , we compare dependency relations of a candidate answer and mapped question phrases in sentence with the corresponding relations in question .",
"Different from ... | [
"They propose a statistical method which takes correlations of dependency relation paths computed by the Dynamic Time Wrapping algorithm into account for ranking candidate answers."
] | [
"correlation dependency relation path",
"answer"
] |
[
"Recently , many works have tried to augment the performance of Chinese named entity recognition ( NER ) using word lexicons .",
"As a representative , Lattice-LSTM ( Zhang and Yang , 2018 ) has achieved new benchmark results on several public Chinese NER datasets .",
"However , Lattice-LSTM has a complex model... | [
"They propose to encode lexicon features into character representations so it can keep the system simpler and achieve faster inference than previous models."
] | [
"lexicon"
] |
[
"Word embedding is central to neural machine translation ( NMT ) , which has attracted intensive research interest in recent years .",
"In NMT , the source embedding plays the role of the entrance while the target embedding acts as the terminal .",
"These layers occupy most of the model parameters for represent... | [
"They propose a language independet method where a model shares embeddings between source and target only when words have some common characteristics."
] | [
"embedding",
"word"
] |
[
"This paper explores log-based query expansion ( QE ) models for Web search .",
"Three lexicon models are proposed to bridge the lexical gap between Web documents and user queries .",
"These models are trained on pairs of user queries and titles of clicked documents .",
"Evaluations on a real world data set s... | [
"They propose to train lexicon query expansion models by using transaction logs that contain pairs of queries and titles of clicked documents."
] | [
"query expansion",
"model",
"log",
"lexicon"
] |
[
"Traditional noun phrase coreference resolution systems represent features only of pairs of noun phrases .",
"In this paper , we propose a machine learning method that enables features over sets of noun phrases , resulting in a first-order probabilistic model for coreference .",
"We outline a set of approximati... | [
"They propose a machine learning method that uses sets of noun phrases as features that are coupled with a sampling method to enable scalability."
] | [] |
[
"Bilingual lexicons map words in one language to their translations in another , and are typically induced by learning linear projections to align monolingual word embedding spaces .",
"In this paper , we show it is possible to produce much higher quality lexicons with methods that combine ( 1 ) unsupervised bite... | [
"They propose to use both unsupervised bitext mining and unsupervised word alignment methods to produce higher quality lexicons."
] | [
"unsupervised bitext",
"word alignment",
"lexicon"
] |
[
"In this paper we show that a simple beam approximation of the joint distribution between attention and output is an easy , accurate , and efficient attention mechanism for sequence to sequence learning .",
"The method combines the advantage of sharp focus in hard attention and the implementation ease of soft att... | [
"They propose a method to approximate the joint attention-output distribution which provides sharp attention as hard attention and easy implementation as soft attention."
] | [
"easy"
] |
[
"Contrastive learning has achieved impressive success in generation tasks to militate the \" exposure bias \" problem and discriminatively exploit the different quality of references .",
"Existing works mostly focus on contrastive learning on the instance-level without discriminating the contribution of each word... | [
"They propose a CVAE-based hierarchical contrastive learning within instance and keyword-level using a keyword graph which iteratively polishes the keyword representations."
] | [
"hierarchical contrastive learning",
"instance",
"keyword"
] |
[
"Word embedding models are typically able to capture the semantics of words via the distributional hypothesis , but fail to capture the numerical properties of numbers that appear in a text .",
"This leads to problems with numerical reasoning involving tasks such as question answering .",
"We propose a new meth... | [
"They propose a deterministic technique to learn numerical embeddings where cosine similarity reflects the actual distance and a regularization approach for a contextual setting."
] | [
"embedding"
] |
[
"We propose a novel approach to improve SMT via paraphrase rules which are automatically extracted from the bilingual training data .",
"Without using extra paraphrase resources , we acquire the rules by comparing the source side of the parallel corpus with the target-to-source translations of the target side .",... | [
"They propose to use bilingual training data to obtain paraphrase rules on word, phrase and sentence levels to rewrite inputs to be MT-favored."
] | [
"paraphrase rule"
] |
[
"Automatically extracting social meaning and intention from spoken dialogue is an important task for dialogue systems and social computing .",
"We describe a system for detecting elements of interactional style : whether a speaker is awkward , friendly , or flirtatious .",
"We create and use a new spoken corpus... | [
"They create a spoken corpus from conversations in speed-dating and perform analysis using extracted dialogue features with a focus on genders."
] | [
"extract",
"conversation"
] |
[
"We introduce the task of predicting adverbial presupposition triggers such as also and again .",
"Solving such a task requires detecting recurring or similar events in the discourse context , and has applications in natural language generation tasks such as summarization and dialogue systems .",
"We create two... | [
"They introduce an adverbial presupposition trigger prediction task and datasets and propose an attention mechanism that augments a recurrent neural network without additional trainable parameters."
] | [
"adverbial presupposition trigger"
] |
[
"This paper proposes a novel method that exploits multiple resources to improve statistical machine translation ( SMT ) based paraphrasing .",
"In detail , a phrasal paraphrase table and a feature function are derived from each resource , which are then combined in a log-linear SMT model for sentence-level paraph... | [
"They propose to exploit six paraphrase resources to extract phrasal paraphrase tables that are further used to build a log-linear statistical machine translation-based paraphrasing model."
] | [
"resource",
"paraphrasing model"
] |
[
"There are many possible different semantic relationships between nominals .",
"Classification of such relationships is an important and difficult task ( for example , the well known noun compound classification task is a special case of this problem ) .",
"We propose a novel pattern clusters method for nominal... | [
"They propose an unsupervised pattern clustering method for nominal relation classification using a large generic corpus enabling scale in domain and language."
] | [
"classification",
"nominal",
"pattern cluster"
] |
[
"Learning sentence embeddings from dialogues has drawn increasing attention due to its low annotation cost and high domain adaptability .",
"Conventional approaches employ the siamese-network for this task , which obtains the sentence embeddings through modeling the context-response semantic relevance by applying... | [
"They propose a dialogue-based contrastive learning approach to learn sentence embeddings from dialogues by modelling semantic matching relationships between the context and response implicitly."
] | [
"dialogue-based contrastive learning",
"sentence embedding"
] |
[
"Named entity phrases are some of the most difficult phrases to translate because new phrases can appear from nowhere , and because many are domain specific , not to be found in bilingual dictionaries .",
"We present a novel algorithm for translating named entity phrases using easily obtainable monolingual and bi... | [
"They propose an algorithm for Arabic-English named entity translation which uses easily obtainable monolingual and bilingual resources and a limited amount of hard-to-obtain bilingual resources."
] | [
"monolingual bilingual resource",
"name entity"
] |
[
"Probabilistic Latent Semantic Analysis ( PLSA ) models have been shown to provide a better model for capturing polysemy and synonymy than Latent Semantic Analysis ( LSA ) .",
"However , the parameters of a PLSA model are trained using the Expectation Maximization ( EM ) algorithm , and as a result , the trained ... | [
"They propose to use Latent Semantic Analysis to initialize probabilistic latent semantic analysis models, EM algorithm is further used to refine the initial estimate."
] | [
"latent semantic analysis",
"probabilistic"
] |
[
"We rely on arguments in our daily lives to deliver our opinions and base them on evidence , making them more convincing in turn .",
"However , finding and formulating arguments can be challenging .",
"In this work , we present the Arg-CTRL-a language model for argument generation that can be controlled to gene... | [
"They train a controllable language model on a corpus annotated with control codes provided by a stance detection model and introduce a dataset for evaluation."
] | [] |
[
"We describe a question answering model that applies to both images and structured knowledge bases .",
"The model uses natural language strings to automatically assemble neural networks from a collection of composable modules .",
"Parameters for these modules are learned jointly with network-assembly parameters... | [
"They propose a question-answering model trained jointly to translate from questions to dynamically assembled neural networks then produce answers with using images or knowledge bases."
] | [
"neural network",
"question",
"answer"
] |
[
"Large pre-trained language models reach stateof-the-art results on many different NLP tasks when fine-tuned individually ; They also come with a significant memory and computational requirements , calling for methods to reduce model sizes ( green AI ) .",
"We propose a twostage model-compression method to reduce... | [
"They propose a model-compression method which decompresses the matrix and performs feature distillation on the internal representations to recover from the decomposition."
] | [
"matrix",
"decomposition"
] |
[
"Several studies on sentence processing suggest that the mental lexicon keeps track of the mutual expectations between words .",
"Current DSMs , however , represent context words as separate features , thereby loosing important information for word expectations , such as word interrelations .",
"In this paper ,... | [
"They propose a Distributional Semantic Model that incorporates verb contexts as joint syntactic dependencies so that it emulates knowledge about event participants."
] | [
"verb"
] |
[
"In this paper , we propose Inverse Adversarial Training ( IAT ) algorithm for training neural dialogue systems to avoid generic responses and model dialogue history better .",
"In contrast to standard adversarial training algorithms , IAT encourages the model to be sensitive to the perturbation in the dialogue h... | [
"They propose an algorithm which encourages to be sensitive to perturbations in dialogue histories and generates more diverse and consistent responses by applying penalization."
] | [
"perturbation",
"diverse",
"dialogue"
] |
[
"demonstrated that corpus-extracted models of semantic knowledge can predict neural activation patterns recorded using fMRI .",
"This could be a very powerful technique for evaluating conceptual models extracted from corpora ; however , fMRI is expensive and imposes strong constraints on data collection .",
"Fo... | [
"They propose to use EEG activation patterns instead of fMRI to reduce the cost."
] | [
"eeg"
] |
[
"This paper introduces a new parser evaluation corpus containing around 700 sentences annotated with unbounded dependencies , from seven different grammatical constructions .",
"We run a series of off-theshelf parsers on the corpus to evaluate how well state-of-the-art parsing technology is able to recover such d... | [
"They propose a new corpus with unbounded dependencies from difference grammatical constructions."
] | [
"dependency"
] |
[
"Learning entailment rules is fundamental in many semantic-inference applications and has been an active field of research in recent years .",
"In this paper we address the problem of learning transitive graphs that describe entailment rules between predicates ( termed entailment graphs ) .",
"We first identify... | [
"They propose an efficient polynomial approximation algorithm that exploits their observation, entailment graphs have a \"tree-like\" property."
] | [
"entailment graph",
"approximation",
"efficient"
] |
[
"Sponsored search is at the center of a multibillion dollar market established by search technology .",
"Accurate ad click prediction is a key component for this market to function since the pricing mechanism heavily relies on the estimation of click probabilities .",
"Lexical features derived from the text of ... | [
"They propose several joint word embedding methods to leverage positive and negative click feedback which put query vectors close to relevant ad vectors."
] | [
"leverage",
"ad",
"query",
"joint",
"feedback"
] |
[
"We propose a new model for unsupervised POS tagging based on linguistic distinctions between open and closed-class items .",
"Exploiting notions from current linguistic theory , the system uses far less information than previous systems , far simpler computational methods , and far sparser descriptions in learni... | [
"They propose to first identify functional syntactic contexts and then use them to make predictions for POS tagging."
] | [
"pos"
] |
[
"Non-autoregressive Transformer is a promising text generation model .",
"However , current non-autoregressive models still fall behind their autoregressive counterparts in translation quality .",
"We attribute this accuracy gap to the lack of dependency modeling among decoder inputs .",
"In this paper , we p... | [
"They propose a non-autoregressive transformer-based model which implicitly learns categorical codes as latent variables into the decoding to complement missing dependencies."
] | [
"categorical code",
"learn",
"non-autoregressive"
] |
[
"The clustering-based unsupervised relation discovery method has gradually become one of the important methods of open relation extraction ( OpenRE ) .",
"However , high-dimensional vectors can encode complex linguistic information which leads to the problem that the derived clusters can not explicitly align with... | [
"They propose to use available relation labeled data to obtain relation-oriented representation by minimizing the distance between the same relation instances."
] | [
"relation-oriented",
"relation"
] |
[
"Prior use of machine learning in genre classification used a list of labels as classification categories .",
"However , genre classes are often organised into hierarchies , e.g. , covering the subgenres of fiction .",
"In this paper we present a method of using the hierarchy of labels to improve the classifica... | [
"They propose a structural reformulation of the Support Vector Machine to take hierarchical information of genres into account by using similarities between different genres."
] | [
"structural",
"genre"
] |
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